📚 Year 8 WJEC Science: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick-Memory Guide | Year 8 WJEC 科学：词汇术语速记指南
Scientific terms can feel like a foreign language, but once you crack the code, every subject becomes easier. This guide breaks down essential WJEC Year 8 science vocabulary into themed chunks, with memory hooks and paired explanations to boost your recall. Use it alongside your notes and flashcards for best results.
科学术语有时就像一种外语，但一旦破解了密码，每个学科都会变得更容易。这份指南将 WJEC Year 8 科学的核心词汇按主题分成易于记忆的模块，并配有记忆钩子和中英对照的释义，帮助你加强记忆。配合笔记和抽认卡使用效果最佳。
1. Cells and Organisation | 细胞与组织
Nucleus – the control centre of the cell, containing DNA. Think 'nucleus' like 'nucleus of an atom' – both are central.
细胞核——细胞的控制中心，含有 DNA。联想“核”如同原子核，都位于中心。
Cytoplasm – jelly-like substance where chemical reactions happen. 'Cyto' means cell, 'plasm' means fluid.
细胞质——发生化学反应的胶状物质。“cyto”意为细胞，“plasm”意为液体。
Cell membrane – the gatekeeper, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.
细胞膜——守门人，控制物质的进出。
Mitochondria – powerhouses of the cell, releasing energy from food. Remember 'mighty mitochondria'.
线粒体——细胞的能量工厂，从食物中释放能量。记住“强大的线粒体”。
Specialised cells – cells adapted for a specific job, such as red blood cells or root hair cells.
特化细胞——为特定功能而适应的细胞，如红细胞或根毛细胞。
2. States of Matter and Changes | 物质状态与变化
Solid, liquid, gas – the three states. Think of the particle arrangement: solid particles vibrate in fixed positions, liquid particles slide over each other, gas particles move fast and freely.
固态、液态、气态——物质的三种状态。想象粒子的排列：固态粒子在固定位置振动，液态粒子相互滑动，气态粒子快速自由移动。
Melting point – temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid. 'Melting' = 'ice cream melts'.
熔点——固体变为液体的温度。“melting”就像冰淇淋融化。
Boiling point – temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas throughout, not just at the surface.
沸点——液体内部和表面同时转变为气体的温度，而不仅仅是表面蒸发。
Evaporation vs boiling – evaporation happens at the surface at any temperature; boiling occurs at a specific temperature throughout the liquid.
蒸发与沸腾——蒸发可在任何温度下在表面发生；沸腾则在特定温度下在整个液体中发生。
Condensation, sublimation, deposition – gas to liquid (condensation), solid to gas directly (sublimation), gas to solid directly (deposition). Use the acronym: 'Can Steven Dance?'
冷凝、升华、凝华——气体变液体（冷凝），固体直接变气体（升华），气体直接变固体（凝华）。可用首字母记忆法。
3. Forces and Motion | 力与运动
Force – a push or a pull, measured in newtons (N). Forces can change speed, direction, or shape.
力——推或拉，单位为牛顿（N）。力可改变速度、方向或形状。
Gravity – the force of attraction between masses. On Earth, it gives weight.
重力——质量之间的吸引力。在地球上，它赋予物体重量。
Friction – a force that opposes motion, producing heat. 'Friction fries things'.
摩擦力——阻碍运动的力，产生热量。“摩擦生热”。
Resultant force – the overall force after adding or subtracting all forces acting on an object. 'Resultant = what's left'.
合力——作用在物体上的所有力相加或相减后剩余的总力。“合力=剩余”。
Newton's First Law – an object stays at rest or moves at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted on by a resultant force.
牛顿第一定律——如果没有合力作用，物体将保持静止或匀速直线运动。
4. Energy Types and Transfers | 能量类型与转化
Kinetic energy – energy of movement. 'Kinetic' sounds like 'kinetic' = motion.
动能——运动的能量。“kinetic”听起来像“动的”。
Potential energy – stored energy. Gravitational potential energy is stored due to height.
势能——储存的能量。重力势能因高度而储存。
Chemical energy – stored in fuels, food, batteries. Released during reactions.
化学能——储存在燃料、食物、电池中，在反应中释放。
Thermal energy – heat energy. Hot objects have more thermal energy.
热能——热量，热物体具有更多热能。
Energy transfer diagrams – ectrical energy → light + heat in a lamp. A Sankey diagram shows useful and wasted energy.
能量转移图——展示能量变化，例如电灯：电能 → 光能 + 热能。桑基图显示有用能量和浪费能量。
5. Chemical Reactions and Equations | 化学反应与方程式
Reactants – substances you start with in a chemical reaction. They are on the left of the arrow.
反应物——化学反应开始时的物质，在箭头的左边。
Products – substances formed at the end. They are on the right of the arrow.
生成物——反应结束时形成的物质，在箭头的右边。
Word equation – uses names: methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water. No symbols.
文字方程式——使用名称：甲烷 + 氧气 → 二氧化碳 + 水。不用符号。
Conservation of mass – total mass of reactants equals total mass of products. Nothing is lost.
质量守恒——反应物的总质量等于生成物的总质量，没有任何质量丢失。
Combustion, oxidation, displacement – burning with oxygen (combustion), gain of oxygen (oxidation), one element replaces another (displacement). 'COD' memory hook.
燃烧、氧化、置换——与氧气燃烧（combustion），得氧（oxidation），一种元素取代另一种（displacement）。可用“COD”记忆。
6. Acids, Alkalis and pH | 酸、碱和pH值
Acid – substance with pH less than 7, releases H⁺ ions in water. Sour taste (like lemon juice).
酸——pH值小于7的物质，在水中释放H⁺离子。酸味（如柠檬汁）。
Alkali – soluble base, pH greater than 7, releases OH⁻ ions in water. Soapy feel.
碱——可溶的碱性物质，pH值大于7，在水中释放OH⁻离子。有滑腻感。
Neutralisation – acid + base → salt + water. The pH moves towards 7.
中和反应——酸 + 碱 → 盐 + 水。pH值趋向7。
Indicator – a dye that changes colour in acid or alkali. Universal indicator gives a pH scale colour range.
指示剂——在酸或碱中变色的染料。通用指示剂呈现pH值颜色范围。
Litmus – red in acid, blue in alkali. Remember 'Blue Base' – both start with B.
石蕊——遇酸变红，遇碱变蓝。记住“蓝碱”——“蓝”和“碱”开头字母都是B（英文Blue Base）。
7. Waves and Sound | 波与声音
Longitudinal wave – oscillations parallel to direction of energy transfer. Sound is an example.
纵波——振动方向与能量传递方向平行。声音是纵波。
Transverse wave – oscillations perpendicular to energy transfer. Light and water waves are transverse.
横波——振动方向与能量传递方向垂直。光波和水波是横波。
Amplitude – the maximum displacement of a wave from its rest position. Linked to loudness in sound.
振幅——波偏离平衡位置的最大位移。与声音的响度有关。
Frequency – of waves per second, measured in hertz (Hz). Pitch in sound: high frequency = high pitch.
频率——每秒的波数，单位为赫兹（Hz）。音调：高频率 = 高音调。
Vacuum – empty space with no particles; sound cannot travel through a vacuum. 'Vacuum = no party, particles can't vibe.'
真空——没有粒子的空间；声音无法在真空中传播。“真空无粒子，声波无法传递”。
8. Electricity and Circuits | 电与电路
Current – flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A). Think of it like water flowing in a pipe.
电流——电荷的流动，单位为安培（A）。想象成水流过水管。
Voltage – energy per unit charge, measured in volts (V). 'Voltage pushes the current'.
电压——每单位电荷的能量，单位为伏特（V）。“电压推动电流”。
Resistance – opposition to current, measured in ohms (Ω). A thin wire has higher resistance.
电阻——对电流的阻碍，单位为欧姆（Ω）。细导线电阻更高。
Series circuit – components connected one after another. If one bulb breaks, all go out.
串联电路——元件依次连接。一个灯泡坏了，全部熄灭。
Parallel circuit – components on separate branches. If one breaks, others still work. Like Christmas tree lights.
并联电路——元件在不同的支路上。一个坏了，其它仍亮，如圣诞树灯。
9. Ecosystems and Interdependence | 生态系统与相互依存
Habitat – the natural home of an organism. A pond is a habitat for frogs.
栖息地——生物的自然家园。池塘是青蛙的栖息地。
Population, community, ecosystem – population: all members of one species in an area; community: all populations; ecosystem: community plus abiotic factors.
种群、群落、生态系统——种群：某一区域内同一物种的所有个体；群落：所有种群；生态系统：群落加上非生物因素。
Producer – an organism that makes its own food using photosynthesis, e.g. plants.
生产者——通过光合作用自己制造食物的生物，如植物。
Consumer – eats other organisms. Primary consumers eat producers; secondary consumers eat primary consumers.
消费者——以其他生物为食。初级消费者吃生产者，次级消费者吃初级消费者。
Food web – network of interconnected food chains, showing energy flow. 'Web' reminds you it's not a simple line.
食物网——相互连接的食物链网络，显示能量流动。“网”提醒你不是简单的直线。
10. Earth and Atmosphere | 地球与大气层
Igneous rock – formed from cooled magma or lava. Intrusive cools slowly (large crystals), extrusive cools fast (small crystals).
火成岩——由冷却的岩浆或熔岩形成。侵入岩冷却慢（大晶体），喷出岩冷却快（小晶体）。
Sedimentary rock – formed from compressed layers of sediment, often contains fossils.
沉积岩——由沉积物层层压实形成，常含化石。
Metamorphic rock – changed by heat and pressure, e.g. limestone to marble.
变质岩——受热和压力改变而成，如石灰岩变成大理岩。
Atmosphere composition – about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, plus argon and water vapour.
大气层成分——约78%氮气，21%氧气，0.04%二氧化碳，以及氩气和水蒸气。
Greenhouse effect – gases like CO₂ trap heat, warming Earth. 'Blanket effect'.
温室效应——二氧化碳等气体捕获热量，使地球变暖。“毛毯效应”。
11. Quick Memory Techniques | 快速记忆技巧
Mnemonics – create funny sentences: 'My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles' for planets. Make your own for groups of terms.
助记法——创编有趣的句子，例如记忆行星顺序。为术语组自编助记句子。
Flashcards with etymology – break down the word: 'photo-' means light, 'synthesis' means putting together – photosynthesis = building using light.
带词源抽认卡——拆解单词：“photo-”表示光，“synthesis”表示合成——光合作用就是用光来合成。
Mind maps – link terms with arrows and colours, visualising relationships.
思维导图——用箭头和颜色连接术语，可视化它们的关系。
Teach back – explain the term to a friend or family member using your own words. Teaching embeds memory.
转教他人——用自己的话向朋友或家人解释术语。教别人能加深记忆。
Daily review – spend 5 minutes before bed reviewing 5–7 new terms. The brain consolidates during sleep.
每日复习——睡前花5分钟回顾5–7个新术语。大脑在睡眠中巩固记忆。
12. Summary and Practice | 总结与练习
Integrate these terms into your regular revision. Test yourself by writing definitions without looking, drawing diagrams, and completing practice questions from WJEC past papers. Vocabulary is the key that unlocks the whole syllabus – master the words, and you master the science.
把这些术语融入日常复习中。不看定义自己默写、画示意图、做WJEC历年真题，不断测试自己。词汇是开启整个教学大纲的钥匙——掌握了词语，就掌握了科学。
Published by TutorHao | Science Revision Series | aleveler.com
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