📚 Year 8 CIE Economics: Case Study Practice | 8年级CIE经济学：案例分析实战演练
Case studies are a powerful way to understand economic principles by seeing how they work in real-world scenarios. This article presents a series of short case studies designed for Year 8 CIE Economics students. Each case targets a key concept, from scarcity to international trade, and challenges you to think like an economist. Work through the examples, and test your ability to apply theory to practice.
案例学习是通过观察现实生活中经济原理如何运作来理解它们的有力方式。本文为8年级CIE经济学学生提供一系列简短案例分析。每个案例针对一个关键概念，从稀缺性到国际贸易，并挑战你用经济学家的方式思考。通过这些例子，检验你将理论应用于实践的能力。
1. Scarcity and Choice: Alex’s Pocket Money | 稀缺性与选择：亚历克斯的零花钱
Alex receives £15 per week as pocket money. He wants to buy a new video game (£40), go to the cinema with friends (£8), buy snacks at school (£5 per week), and save for a school trip (£30 in 3 weeks). Since his income is limited, he cannot do everything. Scarcity forces him to make choices and prioritise his wants.
亚历克斯每周获得15英镑零花钱。他想买一款新电子游戏（40英镑）、和朋友去电影院（8英镑）、在学校买零食（每周5英镑），并为学校旅行攒钱（3周内存30英镑）。由于收入有限，他无法做所有事情。稀缺性迫使他做出选择并区分需求的优先级。
Alex decides to save £10 per week for the video game, spend £3 on snacks, and keep £2 for occasional treats. He delays the cinema until he has saved enough. His choice involves giving up other options, showing that every decision has a trade-off.
亚历克斯决定每周存10英镑买电子游戏，花3英镑买零食，留2英镑用于偶尔的小享受。他推迟去电影院，直到存够钱。他的选择意味着放弃其他选项，表明每个决策都存在权衡取舍。
2. Opportunity Cost: Saturday Job or Leisure? | 机会成本：周六工作还是休闲？
Emma is offered a Saturday job at a local café, paying £7 per hour for 5 hours (£35 per Saturday). Alternatively, she could spend the day studying, playing sports, or relaxing with friends. The opportunity cost of taking the job is the enjoyment and relaxation she gives up. If she values leisure more than £35, she should not work. Economists measure opportunity cost as the next best alternative forgone.
艾玛得到一份在当地咖啡馆的周六工作，每小时7英镑，工作5小时（每周六35英镑）。另外，她也可以选择学习、运动或和朋友一起放松。接受这份工作的机会成本是她放弃的享受与休闲。如果她认为休闲的价值超过35英镑，她就不应工作。经济学家将机会成本定义为放弃的次优选择。
Emma calculates that if she works, she can buy concert tickets worth £35. She compares the satisfaction from the concert with the loss of free time. Her final choice depends on which option brings greater utility, a key concept in decision-making.
艾玛计算，如果工作，她就能买价值35英镑的音乐会门票。她将音乐会的满足感与失去的自由时间进行比较。她的最终选择取决于哪一个选项带来更大的效用，这是决策中的关键概念。
3. Law of Demand: Ice Cream at the Beach | 需求法则：海滩上的冰淇淋
A beach kiosk sells ice cream cones. When the price is £1.50, customers buy 200 cones per day. If the price rises to £2.00, quantity demanded falls to 150 cones. This inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded illustrates the law of demand. Consumers purchase less as price increases, assuming other factors remain constant.
一家海滩售货亭出售冰淇淋甜筒。当价格为1.50英镑时，顾客每天购买200个。如果价格升至2.00英镑，需求量降至150个。价格与需求量之间的反比关系说明了需求法则。在其他因素不变的情况下，价格上涨，消费者购买量减少。
We can present the demand schedule in a table:
我们可以用表格展示需求表：
| Price (per cone) | Quantity Demanded (cones per day) |
|---|---|
| £1.50 | 200 |
| £2.00 | 150 |
| £2.50 | 100 |
The downward-sloping demand curve reflects diminishing marginal utility: each additional cone provides less satisfaction, so consumers only buy more at lower prices.
向下倾斜的需求曲线反映了边际效用递减：每多吃一个甜筒带来的满足感减少，因此消费者只在价格更低时才会购买更多。
4. Law of Supply: A Bakery’s Production Decision | 供给法则：面包店的生产决策
Sarah owns a small bakery. The price of a loaf of bread is currently £1.20, and she supplies 300 loaves per week. If the market price rises to £1.50, she is willing to supply 400 loaves because higher prices increase potential profit. The law of supply states that, ceteris paribus, quantity supplied rises as price rises.
莎拉经营一家小面包店。一条面包的现价为1.20英镑，她每周供应300条。如果市场价格升至1.50英镑，她愿意供应400条，因为更高的价格会增加潜在利润。供给法则
Published by TutorHao | Year 8 Economics Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图