📚 Year 8 OCR Maths: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | 8 年级 OCR 数学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering mathematical vocabulary is a crucial step to success in Year 8 OCR Maths. This guide helps you quickly memorise key terms using clear definitions and clever memory tricks. From algebra to probability, each word will stick in your mind.
掌握数学词汇是 8 年级 OCR 数学成功的关键一步。本指南通过清晰的定义和巧妙的记忆技巧，帮助你快速记住关键术语。从代数到概率，每个词汇都会牢牢记住。
1. Algebraic Expressions and Terms | 代数表达式和项
An expression is a combination of numbers, variables and operation signs without an equals sign, like 3x + 5. Think of it as a mathematical 'phrase'.
表达式 是由数字、变量和运算符号组成的式子，没有等号，例如 3x + 5。把它想象成数学中的“短语”。
A variable is a symbol (often a letter) that stands for an unknown or changeable number, such as x in 2x + 7. The word 'vary' helps you remember it can change.
变量 是代表未知或可变化数的符号（通常是字母），例如 2x + 7 中的 x。“变”字提醒你它可以变化。
A term is a single number, variable or the product of numbers and variables, separated by + or −. In 5a² − 3b + 8, there are three terms.
项 是一个单独的数、变量或数与变量的乘积，由加号或减号分隔。在 5a² − 3b + 8 中，有三个项。
The coefficient is the numerical factor multiplying a variable. In 7y, the coefficient is 7. Memory trick: imagine a 'co-pilot' – it always flies with the variable.
系数 是变量前面的数字因数。在 7y 中，系数是 7。记忆技巧：想象一位“副驾驶”，它总是和变量一起出现。
A constant is a term that has no variable part, such as 12. It stays the same, so it is 'constant'.
常数 是不含变量的项，例如 12。它的值保持不变，所以称为“常数”。
Simplifying means collecting like terms to write an expression more compactly: 2a + 3a simplifies to 5a.
化简 指合并同类项，使表达式更简洁：2a + 3a 化简为 5a。
2. Equations and Inequalities | 方程与不等式
An equation states that two expressions are equal using an equals sign, for example 4x − 1 = 11. Think of it as a balanced scale.
方程 用等号表示两个表达式相等，例如 4x − 1 = 11。把它想象成一台天平。
An inequality compares two values using symbols <, >, ≤ or ≥. The open side always faces the larger number – like a crocodile mouth.
不等式 用符号 <, >, ≤ 或 ≥ 比较两个值。开口一边总是朝着较大的数，就像鳄鱼的嘴巴。
To solve an equation means to find the value of the variable that makes the equation true. The result is called the solution.
解方程 就是要找到使方程成立的变量的值，这个值称为解。
The balance method: whatever you do to one side of the equation, you must do to the other to keep it balanced.
平衡法：对方程的一边进行什么操作，另一边也必须进行同样的操作，以保持平衡。
3. Numbers and Arithmetic | 数与运算
Integers are whole numbers, both positive and negative, including zero. Think of them as steps on a ladder with no fractions.
整数 是正整数、负整数和零，没有小数部分。就像梯子上的台阶，没有分数。
A factor is a whole number that divides exactly into another number. For 12, the factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12.
因数 是能够整除另一个数的整数。12 的因数有 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12。
A multiple is the result of multiplying a number by an integer. The first multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, …
倍数 是一个数乘以整数得到的结果。5 的前几个倍数有 5, 10, 15, 20, …
A prime number has exactly two distinct factors: 1 and itself. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 are primes. 'Prime' sounds like 'primary' – the most basic building blocks.
质数 只有两个不同的因数：1 和它本身。例如 2, 3, 5, 7, 11。'prime'（首要）提醒你它们是最基本的积木。
A composite number has more than two factors. 8 is composite because it has factors 1, 2, 4, 8.
合数 有多于两个因数。8 是合数，因为它的因数有 1, 2, 4, 8。
A square number eger multiplied by itself, e.g. 5 × 5 = 25. The square root (√) is the opposite operation: √25 = 5.
平方数 是一个整数自乘的结果，例如 5 × 5 = 25。平方根（√）是逆运算：√25 = 5。
A cube number comes from multiplying a number by itself three times: 3 × 3 × 3 = 27. The cube root ∛27 = 3.
立方数 是一个数自乘三次的结果：3 × 3 × 3 = 27。立方根 ∛27 = 3。
When using index (power) notation, the base is the number and the exponent tells you how many times to multiply it: in 5³, 5 is the base and 3 is the exponent.
使用指数（幂）记号时，底数是相乘的数，指数表明相乘的次数：在 5³ 中，5 是底数，3 是指数。
4. Fractions and Decimals | 分数与小数
The numerator is the top part of a fraction; it tells how many parts we have. The denominator is the bottom part and tells the total number of equal parts. 'Numerator' sounds like 'number up', 'denominator' like 'down'.
分子 是分数上面的部分，表示取了多少份。分母 是下面的部分，表示整体被分成的等份数。“分子”可以联想到“在上面的数”，“分母”则想到“底下的数”。
A proper fraction has a smaller numerator than denominator, e.g. 3/8. An improper fraction has a larger numerator, e.g. 11/4.
真分数 的分子比分母小，例如 3/8。假分数 的分子比分母大，例如 11/4。
A mixed number combines a whole number and a proper fraction, like 2 ½.
带分数 由一个整数和一个真分数组合而成，如 2 ½。
Equivalent fractions = 2/4 = 4/8. You can multiply or divide both numerator and denominator by the same number.
等值分数 表示相同的数值，例如 ½ = 2/4 = 4/8。你可以将分子和分母同时乘以或除以同一个数。
A terminating decimal ends after a finite number of digits, like 0.75. A recurring decimal repeats a digit or pattern forever, such as 0.333... = 1/3.
终止小数 在小数点后有有限位数，如 0.75。循环小数 会一直重复某个数字或模式，例如 0.333... = 1/3。
5. Angles and Shapes | 角度与形状
Angle types can be memorised with this quick table:
角度类型可用下面这个速查表来记忆：
| Type | 中文 | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Acute | 锐角 | 0° < θ < 90° |
| Right | 直角 | θ = 90° |
| Obtuse | 钝角 | 90° < θ < 180° |
| Reflex | 优角 | 180° < θ < 360° |
Memory aid: 'a-cute' angle is small and cute; an 'obtuse' angle looks like an 'obese' angle – wide and heavy.
记忆口诀：acute（锐角）很小巧，像“a cute”（可爱）的东西；obtuse（钝角）又宽又胖，有点“obese”（肥胖）的感觉。
Parallel lines never meet, like railway tracks. Perpendicular lines intersect at a right angle. Symbol: AB ⟂ CD.
平行线 永不相交，像铁轨一样。垂直线 相交成直角，符号为 AB ⟂ CD。
A polygon is a closed 2D shape with straight sides. A regular polygon has all sides and angles equal; otherwise it is irregular.
多边形 是由直线段围成的封闭二维图形。正多边形 的所有边和角都相等，否则就是不规则多边形。
Common quadrilaterals: square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus, trapezium, kite. All have 4 sides.
常见四边形：正方形、长方形、平行四边形、菱形、梯形、风筝形，它们都有 4 条边。
6. Measurements and Units | 测量与单位
Perimeter is the total distance around a shape. Area measures the surface covered, and volume measures the space inside a 3D object.
周长 是围绕一个形状的总距离。面积 测量覆盖的平面大小，体积 测量立体图形内部的空间。
Metric length: 10 mm = 1 cm, 100 cm = 1 m, 1000 m = 1 km. Prefixes help: 'kilo-' means 1000, 'centi-' means 1/100, 'milli-' means 1/1000.
公制长度单位：10 毫米 = 1 厘米，100 厘米 = 1 米，1000 米 = 1 公里。前缀帮记：“kilo-”表示 1000，“centi-”表示 1/100，“milli-”表示 1/1000。
Mass units: 1000 g = 1 kg. Capacity: 1000 ml = 1 litre. Capacity is how much liquid a container can hold.
质量
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