📚 Year 8 AQA Chinese: Quick Reference Handbook of Sentence Patterns & Grammar Rules | Year 8 AQA 中文：句型公式与语法规则速查手册
Welcome to your Year 8 AQA Chinese quick reference guide. This handbook brings together the most important sentence patterns, grammar rules and functional structures you need to build confidence in reading, writing and speaking Chinese. Each formula is presented as a clear template, followed by concise examples and usage notes. Master these patterns, and you will have a solid foundation for describing people, places, daily routines, arrangements and opinions — all within the AQA topic areas for Year 8.
欢迎使用 Year 8 AQA 中文速查手册。本手册归纳了在阅读、写作和口语中建立信心所必需的关键句型、语法规则和功能结构。每个公式都以清晰模板的形式呈现，并配有简明例句和使用提示。熟练掌握这些句型，你就能扎实地描述人物、地点、日常活动、安排和观点——这些均属于 AQA Year 8 话题范围。
1. Basic Sentence Structure: Subject + Verb + Object | 基本句型：主语 + 动词 + 宾语
Like English, the most common Chinese word order is Subject–Verb–Object (SVO). The subject comes first, followed by the action, then the object that receives the action. No articles (a, an, the) or verb conjugations are needed. To make a negative sentence, simply place the adverb 不 (bù) or 没 (méi) directly before the verb.
和英语一样，汉语最常用的语序是主语–动词–宾语（SVO）。主语在前，动作紧随其后，宾语接受动作。无需冠词或动词变位。否定句只需把副词 不 或 没 直接放在动词前。
Formula: S + V + O → 我吃饭。(I eat.) → Negation: S + 不/没 + V + O
公式：S + V + O → 我吃饭。→ 否定：S + 不/没 + V + O
Key rule: place time expressions (today, tomorrow, every day) before the verb, either at the very beginning of the sentence or right after the subject.
关键规则：时间表达（今天、明天、每天）放在动词之前，可以置于句首，也可以紧接主语之后。
Example: 我每天看电视。(I watch TV every day.) | 明天他们去伦敦。(Tomorrow they go to London.)
例句：我每天看电视。| 明天他们去伦敦。
2. The '是 (shì)' Sentence Pattern | “是”字句句型
The verb 是 means ‘am, is, are, was, were’ and links a subject with a noun or noun phrase that identifies it. Unlike English, 是 is not used with adjectives; instead, adjectives can stand alone as predicates. Use 不 to negate: 不是.
动词 是 表示“是”，用来连接主语与表示身份的名词或名词短语。与英语不同，形容词前不使用“是”，形容词可直接作谓语。用 不 否定：不是。
Formula: A 是 B → 他是我的哥哥。(He is my older brother.) | 这不是我的书。(This is not my book.)
公式：A 是 B → 他是我的哥哥。| 这不是我的书。
Remember: for adjectives such as 高 (tall), 漂亮 (beautiful), 忙 (busy), simply say 他很高 (He is tall) without 是. In year 8, you will also encounter the 是…的 pattern for emphasis, which we cover later.
记住：如 高、漂亮、忙 等形容词直接作谓语，不需要“是”，如 他很高。Year 8 还会学到表强调的 是…的 结构，后文将介绍。
3. Using '有 (yǒu)' to Indicate Existence and Possession | 用“有”表示存在和拥有
有 works both as ‘have’ and ‘there is/are’. To show possession, use Subject + 有 + Object. To describe the existence of something in a place, use Place + 有 + Noun. The negative form is 没有 (do not have / there is not).
有 既表示“拥有”，又表示“存在（某地有某物）”。表拥有用 主语 + 有 + 宾语。表存在用 地点 + 有 + 名词。否定用 没有。
Formula possession: 我有两本词典。(I have two dictionaries.)
公式 拥有：我有两本词典。
Formula existence: 教室里有很多学生。(There are many students in the classroom.)
公式 存在：教室里有很多学生。
In comparisons, 有 is also used to say ‘as … as …’, e.g. 弟弟有我高吗？(Is younger brother as tall as me?). This is an important Year 8 extension.
在比较句中，“有”还可以表示“像……一样”，如 弟弟有我高吗？这是 Year 8 的重要拓展。
4. Questions with '吗 (ma)' and Question Words | 用“吗”和疑问词提问
The easiest way to form a yes–no question is to add the particle 吗 to the end of a statement. For content questions, use question words such as 什么 (what), 谁 (who), 哪儿/哪里 (where), 什么时候 (when), 为什么 (why), 怎么 (how), 几 (how many – small number), 多少 (how many/much). Unlike English, the question word stays in the position where the answer would appear in the statement; the word order does not change.
最简单的疑问形式是在陈述句末尾加上 吗。特指问句用疑问词：什么、谁、哪儿/哪里、什么时候、为什么、怎么、几、多少。与英语不同，疑问词保留在陈述句对应位置上，语序不变。
吗 question: 你喜欢中文吗？(Do you like Chinese?)
吗问句：你喜欢中文吗？
Question-word question: 你叫什么名字？(What is your name? – literally ‘you called what name’)
疑问词问句：你叫什么名字？
Use 几 for numbers expected to be under ten, and 多少 for larger or uncountable quantities. Both are placed directly before the noun or the measure word + noun.
预计数量小于十用 几，较大或不可数用 多少，两者直接放在名词或“量词+名词”前。
5. The '把 (bǎ)' Structure for Disposal | “把”字句表示处置
The 把 construction highlights what happens to an object — it emphasises the disposal or result of an action. The structure moves the object before the verb and marks it with 把. The verb must be followed by a result, direction, or other complement; a bare verb cannot end a 把 sentence.
把 字句突出对宾语的处理和结果。该结构将宾语提前并用“把”标记，动词后必须有结果、趋向或其他补语成分，不能单独使用光杆动词结尾。
Formula: S + 把 + O + V + complement → 我把作业做完了。(I finished the homework.)
公式：S + 把 + O + V + complement → 我把作业做完了。
Common complements include 完 (finish), 好 (well), 到 (arrive/reach), 给 (give to), and directional endings like 进去、出来. In Year 8, you often use 把 with actions relating to tidying rooms, finishing food or returning items.
常见补语有 完、好、到、给 以及趋向补语 进去、出来 等。Year 8 常把“把”字句用于整理房间、吃完食物、归还物品等话题。
6. The '被 (bèi)' Passive Voice | “被”字句被动结构
被 sentences express the passive voice, showing that the subject receives an action. The agent (the doer) can be omitted if unknown or unimportant. The word order is Receiver + 被 (+ agent) + Verb + complement. In spoken Chinese, 叫 or 让 are sometimes used instead of 被, but 被 is the standard form in AQA materials.
被 字句表达被动，强调主语承受动作。动作执行者若未知或不需要说明可以省略。语序为：受事主语 + 被（+施事）+ 动词 + 补语。口语中有时用 叫 或 让 代替 被，但 AQA 材料以“被”为标准。
Formula: 我的手机被（弟弟）拿走了。(My mobile phone was taken away (by my younger brother).)
公式：我的手机被（弟弟）拿走了。
Note the verb always needs a complement or a result, just like in 把 sentences. Beginners often use 被 to describe accidents or changes: 玻璃被打碎了 (The glass was broken).
和“把”字句一样，动词必须带补语或结果。初学者常用“被”描述意外或变化，如 玻璃被打碎了。
7. Comparative Sentences with '比 (bǐ)' | “比”字比较句
To compare two items, use 比 in the pattern A + 比 + B + adjective. The adjective can be followed by a complement of degree such as 得多 (much more), 一点儿/一些 (a little). Do not place 很 or 非常 before the adjective in a 比 comparison — instead use the complement to show the degree of difference.
比较两个事物用“比”，结构为 A + 比 + B + 形容词。形容词后可加程度补语，如 得多、一点儿/一些。注意，在“比”字比较句中形容词前不能加 很 或 非常，要用补语来表达差异程度。
Formula: 我比妹妹高。(I am taller than my younger sister.) | 这本书比那本书有意思得多。(This book is much more interesting than that one.)
公式：我比妹妹高。| 这本书比那本书有意思得多。
To say two things are equal, use A 跟 B 一样 + adjective, e.g. 他跟我一样大 (He is as old as me). This is another essential Year 8 pattern.
平比用 A 跟 B 一样 + 形容词，如 他跟我一样大。这也是 Year 8 必备句型。
8. Time and Place Expressions: Word Order | 时间和地点表达：语序规则
In Chinese, time expressions always precede the verb, usually placed after the subject but before the verb. If both time and place are mentioned, the order is Subject + Time + Place + Verb. The place phrase often includes a location word such as 在 (at), 从 (from) or 到 (to).
中文的时间表达总是在动词之前，通常放在主语之后、动词之前。如果同时提到时间和地点，顺序为 主语 + 时间 + 地点 + 动词。地点短语常包含方位词，如 在、从、到。
Formula: S + Time + Place + V (+ O) → 我下午在图书馆看书。(I read in the library in the afternoon.)
公式：S + Time + Place + V (+ O) → 我下午在图书馆看书。
When the action requires a duration, use the pattern V + 了 + Duration, e.g. 我学了三年中文 (I have studied Chinese for three years). For ongoing duration, 我学中文学了三年 also appears. Consistent word order is key to a high score.
表示动作持续时长用 V + 了 + 时长，如 我学了三年中文。语序的一致性是拿高分的关键。
9. Modal Verbs like '要 (yào)' and '可以 (kěyǐ)' | 情态动词“要”、“可以”等
Common modal verbs in Year 8 Chinese include 要 (want to/will), 想 (would like to), 可以 (can/may), 会 (can/know how to), 能 (be able to) and 应该 (should). Modals are placed directly before the main verb and do not change form. The negative usually uses 不, except for 要 meaning ‘will’ where the negative is sometimes 不用 (needn’t) or 不要 (don’t).
Year 8 常见情态动词包括 要、想、可以、会、能、应该。情态动词直接放在主要动词前，无形态变化。否定通常用“不”，但当“要”表“将要”时，否定有时用 不用 或 不要。
Formula: 我想去中国。(I would like to go to China.) | 你可以用我的电脑。(You may use my computer.)
公式：我想去中国。| 你可以用我的电脑。
会 indicates a learned skill, while 能 often refers to possibility or physical ability. Practise combining modals with time phrases: 我明天要考试 (I have an exam tomorrow).
“会”指学到的技能，“能”常指可能性或身体能力。练习把情态动词和时间短语结合：我明天要考试。
10. The '是...的' Structure for Emphasis | “是…的”结构表强调
The 是…的 construction is used to emphasise the time, place, manner or agent of a completed action. It often answers questions such as ‘when did you go?’, ‘how did you come?’. The 是 can sometimes be omitted in spoken Chinese, but the 的 must remain at the end or before the object.
是…的 结构用于强调已完成动作的时间、地点、方式或施事。常用于回答“什么时候去的”“怎么来的”等问题。口语中“是”有时可省略，但“的”必须保留在句末或宾语前。
Formula: S + 是 + [emphasis detail] + V + 的 (+ O) → 我是去年开始学中文的。(It was last year that I started learning Chinese.)
公式：S + 是 + [强调信息] + V + 的 (+ O) → 我是去年开始学中文的。
With an object, the 的 can also be placed before the object: 我是坐火车去伦敦的 / 我是坐火车去的伦敦. Both are acceptable. This pattern is very common in Year 8 writing and speaking when describing past events.
带宾语时，“的”可放在宾语前，如 我是坐火车去的伦敦，两种说法都对。在Year 8 的写作和口语中描述过去事件时，该结构十分常用。
11. Connecting Ideas with '因为...所以...' and '虽然...但是...' | 用“因为…所以…”和“虽然…但是…”连接句子
To express reasons and results, use 因为 (because) … 所以 (therefore) …. Both parts can appear together or separately. For concessive contrasts, use 虽然 (although) … 但是 (but) …. Note that 虽然 can be paired with 可是 or 还是, but 但是 is the standard linking word.
要表示原因和结果，用 因为…所以…。让步转折用 虽然…但是…。注意“虽然”可与 可是、还是 搭配，但“但是”是标准连接词。
Formula reason: 因为下雨，所以我不去公园。(Because it’s raining, I’m not going to the park.)
原因公式：因为下雨，所以我不去公园。
Formula contrast: 虽然中文很难，但是我学得很开心。(Although Chinese is difficult, I enjoy learning it.)
转折公式：虽然中文很难，但是我学得很开心。
In AQA assessments, these connectors show a higher band of coherence. Make sure you place a comma after the first clause when writing longer sentences.
在AQA考试中，这些连接词能体现语篇连贯的高分特征。写长句时，第一个分句后注意加逗号。
12. Measure Words (量词) in Common Use | 常用量词
In Chinese, a numeral or a determiner cannot directly modify a noun; a measure word (classifier) must be inserted between them. The pattern is Number + Measure Word + Noun. The general measure word 个 works with many nouns, but using specific measure words greatly improves accuracy and marks.
汉语中数词或指示词不能直接修饰名词，中间必须用量词。结构是 数词 + 量词 + 名词。通用量词 个 可以搭配很多名词，但使用特定量词会大幅提升准确度和分数。
Common measure words for Year 8: 本 for books (一本书), 支 for pens (一支笔), 件 for clothes/matters (一件衣服), 条 for long, flexible items (一条裤子, 一条鱼), 张 for flat objects (一张纸, 一张票), 只 for certain animals and one of a pair (一只猫, 一只手), 杯 for cups (一杯水), 碗 for bowls (一碗饭).
Year 8 常用量词：本（一本书）、支（一支笔）、件（一件衣服）、条（一条裤子，一条鱼）、张（一张纸，一张票）、只（一只猫，一只手）、杯（一杯水）、碗（一碗饭）。
When asking ‘how many’, place the question word 几 or 多少 before the measure word, e.g. 你有几本书？(How many books do you have?). Mastering measure words will make your spoken Chinese sound much more natural.
询问数量时，将疑问词 几 或 多少 放在量词前，如 你有几本书？掌握量词能让你的口语听起来自然得多。
Published by TutorHao | Chinese Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图