📚 Year 8 AQA Business: Summer Prep & Bridging Course | Year 8 AQA 商务：暑期预习与衔接课程
Welcome to your summer preparation course for Year 8 AQA Business! Whether you are about to start Year 8 or preparing for GCSE Business studies, this bridging course introduces key concepts in a fun and engaging way. You will explore what businesses do, how they operate, and why they matter in everyday life. Let us build a strong foundation together.
欢迎参加 Year 8 AQA 商务暑期预习课程！无论你即将升入 8 年级还是为 GCSE 商务学习做准备，这个衔接课程都将以有趣生动的方式介绍关键概念。你将探索企业做什么、如何运作以及它们为何在日常生活里如此重要。让我们一起打好坚实基础。
1. What is Business? | 什么是商务？
A business is any organisation that provides goods or services to consumers in exchange for money. The main purpose of a business is to satisfy customer needs while earning a profit. Businesses can be large multinational corporations like Apple, or small local shops like a bakery.
企业是任何向消费者提供商品或服务以换取金钱的组织。企业的主要目的是在赚取利润的同时满足顾客需求。企业可以是像苹果这样的大型跨国公司，也可以是面包店这样的小型本地店铺。
2. Goods and Services | 商品与服务
Goods are tangible products that you can see and touch. Examples include a textbook, a bicycle, or a bottle of water. Services are intangible activities performed by someone for you, such as a dentist fixing your teeth, a teacher explaining a concept, or a bus driver transporting you. Most businesses offer either goods, services, or a combination of both.
商品是可以看见和触摸的有形产品，例如教科书、自行车或一瓶水。服务是由他人为你执行的无形活动，例如牙医补牙、老师讲解概念或公交司机载你出行。大多数企业提供商品、服务或两者组合。
3. Needs and Wants | 需求与想要
A need is something you must have to survive, such as nutritious food, clean water, shelter, and clothing. A want is something you would like to have but is not essential for survival, like the latest smartphone or a holiday abroad. Businesses often focus on satisfying wants because people are willing to pay for them even if they are not necessities.
需求是你生存所必须拥有的东西，如营养食品、清洁饮水、住所和衣物。想要是你希望拥有但并非生存必需的东西，比如最新款智能手机或海外度假。企业常常专注于满足想要，因为即使它们不是必需品，人们也愿意为之付费。
4. Factors of Production | 生产要素
To produce goods or services, businesses need four key resources, known as the factors of production: land, labour, capital, and enterprise.
要生产商品或服务，企业需要四种关键资源，即生产要素：土地、劳动力、资本和企业。
Land: all natural resources such as minerals, forests, water, and land itself.
土地： 所有自然资源，如矿产、森林、水和土地本身。
Labour: the human effort, both physical and mental, provided by workers.
劳动力： 工人提供的体力和脑力劳动。
Capital: man-made resources like machinery, tools, buildings, and computers.
Published by TutorHao | Year 8 商务 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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