📚 Year 8 AQA Business: Vocabulary Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 8 AQA 商务：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the language of Business is the first step towards earning top marks in your Year 8 AQA assessments. This quick memorisation guide breaks down the most important terms into bite‑sized, bilingual definitions with practical memory aids. By studying each pairing, you will build the confidence to explain concepts accurately in class discussions, homework and tests.
掌握商务语言是Year 8 AQA测评中获得高分的第一步。这份速记指南将最重要的术语拆解为精炼的双语定义，并附上实用的记忆方法。通过学习每一对解释，你将能够自信地在课堂讨论、作业和考试中准确阐述概念。
1. Enterprise and Entrepreneurs | 企业与企业家
Enterprise – The ability to spot a gap in the market and take calculated risks to create a business. Memory aid: ’Enter’ suggests stepping into a new opportunity.
企业精神 – 发现市场缺口并有计划地承担风险以创办企业的能力。记忆：“Enter”暗示进入新机遇。
Entrepreneur – hink ’entre’ = enter and ’preneur’ = one who undertakes a project.
企业家 – 把土地、劳动力和资本结合起来并加以组织，承担创业财务风险的人。提示：联想“entre”意为进入，“preneur”意为承担项目者。
Business – An organisation that provides goods or services to consumers, with the aim of making a profit. Memory: ’Busy’ + ’ness’ – a place where work happens.
企业 – 为消费者提供商品或服务并以盈利为目标的组织。记忆：“Busy”（忙碌）加上“ness”，即忙碌的地方。
2. Business Ownership Types | 企业所有权类型
Sole trader – A business owned and run by one person. The owner enjoys all profits but has unlimited liability for debts. Tip: ’Sole’ means ’only’, like a solo performer.
个体经营者 – 由一个人拥有并经营的业务。所有者独享全部利润，但对债务承担无限责任。提示：“Sole”意为唯一，就像独奏者。
Partnership – A business with two or more owners who share profits, losses and responsibilities. Usually governed by a Deed of Partnership. Memory: Partners row the boat together.
合伙企业 – 由两个或以上所有者共同分享利润、分担亏损与责任的业务。通常受合伙协议约束。记忆：合伙人就像一起划船的人。
Private limited company (Ltd) – ic. Often a family business. Tip: ’Ltd’ = liability is limited, like a shield.
私营有限公司 – 由承担有限责任的股东拥有的公司；股份不能向公众出售。常为家族企业。提示：“Ltd”意味着责任有限，如同一个盾牌。
Public limited company (PLC) – e. Shareholders have limited liability. Memory: ’Public’ = open to the public.
公众有限公司 – 可以在证券交易所向公众发行股票的公司。股东承担有限责任。记忆：“Public”意为对公众开放。
3. Business Aims and Objectives | 企业目标
Survival – The primary aim of many new businesses; simply staying in the market by covering costs. Tip: Survival is the first step on the ladder.
生存 – 许多新企业的首要目标；只要能够覆盖成本、留在市场中即可。提示：生存是阶梯的第一步。
Profit maximisation – business is established. Memory: ’Maximum’ profit = biggest slice of the cake.
利润最大化 – 尽可能获取最多利润的目标，常在企业成熟后追求。记忆：“最大化”利润就像是蛋糕的最大的一块。
Growth – Increasing the size of the business, for example through more stores, higher output or merging with others. Tip: Growth means stretching like a balloon.
增长 – 扩大企业规模，例如增加门店、提高产量或兼并其他企业。提示：增长像气球一样膨胀。
Market share – The percentage of total sales in a market that a business captures. Memory: ’Share’ of the pie.
市场份额 – 企业在市场总销售额中占有的百分比。记忆：“Share”就是分得的一块馅饼。
4. Stakeholders | 利益相关者
Stakeholder – Any individual or group that has an interest in or is affected by the activities of a business. Tip: They hold a ’stake’ in the company’s outcome.
利益相关者 – 对企业活动有利害关系或受其影响的任何个人或群体。提示：他们在企业结果中持有“赌注”。
Owner – The person or people who set up the business and invest capital; they want profits and growth. Memory: The captain of the ship.
所有者 – 创办企业并投入资本的人；他们追求利润与增长。记忆：船上的船长。
Employees – Workers who receive wages or salaries in return for their labour; they want job security and fair pay. Tip: The crew keeping the engine running.
员工 – 付出劳动并领取工资或薪水的工人；他们希望工作稳定、报酬公平。提示：保持引擎运转的船员。
Customer – The buyer of the product or service; they want quality and good value. Memory: The person who keeps the till ringing.
顾客 – 产品或服务的购买者；他们追求品质和物有所值。记忆：让收银机作响的人。
Supplier – A business that provides the raw materials or goods needed for production. Tip: The fuel station for the factory.
供应商 – 提供生产所需原材料或货物的企业。提示：工厂的加油站。
5. Marketing and Market Research | 市场营销与市场调研
Marketing – mory: ’Market’ + ’ing’ = doing something that pulls in the market.
市场营销 – 识别、预测并有利可图地满足顾客需求的过程。记忆：“Market”加“ing”意为吸引市场的行为。
Primary research – Gathering original data firsthand through surveys, interviews or observations. Also called field research. Tip: You collect the data yourself – ’primary’ as in original.
一手调研 – 通过问卷、访谈或观察直接收集原始数据。也称实地调研。提示：自己直接收集数据，“一手”即原始。
Secondary research – Using existing data collected by others, such as reports, websites or government statistics. Also called desk research. Memory: ’Second’ hand information.
二手调研 – 使用他人已收集的现成数据，如报告、网站或政府统计数据。也称案头调研。记忆：二手信息。
6. The Marketing Mix | 营销组合
Product – The goods or services a business offers, including design, features, quality and packaging. Tip: The star of the show.
产品 – 企业提供的商品或服务，包括设计、功能、质量与包装。提示：演出的主角。
Price – The amount customers pay; pricing strategies affect demand and profit. Memory: The ticket cost for the performance.
价格 – 顾客支付的金额；定价策略影响需求与利润。记忆：演出的票价。
Place – How products reach customers; includes distribution channels and locations. Tip: The stage where the product is available.
渠道 – 产品如何到达顾客；包括分销途径和销售地点。提示：产品上演的舞台。
Promotion – Activities that communicate the product’s benefits, such as advertising, sales promotions and public relations. Memory: The trailer and posters for the film.
促销 – 传播产品优点的活动，如广告、促销活动和公共关系。记忆：电影的预告片和海报。
7. Finance: Revenue, Costs and Profit | 财务：收入、成本与利润
Revenue – The income a business earns from selling its goods or services. Also called turnover. Tip: The top line on the income ladder – money coming in before any costs are subtracted.
收入 – 企业通过销售商品或服务挣得的款项，也称营业额。提示：收入阶梯的顶行——在扣除任何成本之前流入的资金。
Fixed costs – Expenses that do not change with the level of output, such as rent and insurance. Memory: ’Fixed’ like a fixed post – it stays put regardless of production.
固定成本 – 不随产量水平变化的支出，如租金和保险费。记忆：“固定”就像一根固定的柱子——无论生产多少它都保持不变。
Variable costs – Costs that vary directly with output, such as raw materials and piece‑rate wages. Tip: The more you produce, the more you pay – like buying ingredients for a recipe.
可变成本 – 随产量直接变动的成本，如原材料和计件工资。提示：生产越多，支付越多——就像配菜时购买食材。
Profit – fit = Revenue − Total costs. Memory: The reward left in the pocket after paying all bills.
利润 – 从收入中扣除全部成本后的盈余。公式：利润 = 收入 − 总成本。记忆：付清所有账单后口袋里剩下的报酬。
8. Sources of Finance | 资金来源
Retained profit – Profit re‑invested back into the business rather than distributed to owners. Internal source with no interest charges. Tip: The business feeds itself with its own past success.
留存利润 – 重新投入企业而非分配给所有者的利润。内部来源，无需支付利息。提示：企业用自己的过往成功喂养自己。
Bank loan – A fixed sum of money borrowed from a bank, repaid with interest over a set period. Memory: A loan is like renting money; you must return it with a little extra.
银行贷款 – 从银行借入的固定金额，在约定期限内偿还并支付利息。记忆：贷款就像租用金钱，归还时须多付一些租金。
Overdraft – business to spend more than it has in its account, up to an agreed limit. Useful for short‑ sh gaps. Tip: ’Over’ + ’draft’ = going over the available balance.
透支 – 与银行达成的协议，允许企业在账户余额不足时超额支出，直至约定上限。适用于短期现金缺口。提示：“Over”加“draft”意为超过可用余额。
Trade credit – When a supplier allows a business to buy goods now and pay later, usually within 30–60 days. Memory: ’Buy now, pay later’ deal from suppliers.
商业信用 – 供应商允许企业现在购货、日后付款，通常为30至60天。记忆：供应商提供的“现在买，以后付”协议。
9. Cash Flow and Break‑even | 现金流与盈亏平衡
Cash flow – The movement of money into and out of a business over time. Positive cash flow means more money coming in than going out. Tip: Think of cash as the lifeblood; it must keep flowing.
现金流 – 一段时间内资金进出企业的流动。正现金流意味着流入多于流出。提示：把现金想像成血液，必须持续流动。
Net cash flow – lated as: Net Cash Flow = Inflows − Outflows. Memory: The final balance of the cash story.
净现金流 – 特定时期内总现金流入与总现金流出的差额。计算方式：净现金流 = 流入 − 流出。记忆：现金故事的最终余额。
Break‑even point – The level of output at which total revenue equals total costs; the business makes neither a profit nor a loss. The formula is:
盈亏平衡点 – 总收入等于总成本时的产出水平；企业既不盈利也不亏损。计算公式如下：
Break‑ int (units) = Fixed Costs ÷ (Selling Price per Unit − Variable Cost per Unit)
Once the business sells more than this number, it starts making a profit. Tip: The point where the business breathes even.
一旦销售数量超过此数，企业便开始盈利。提示：这是企业收支平衡的呼吸点。
10. Production and Quality | 生产与质量
Job production – Manufacturing a single, unique product to a customer’s specific requirements, e.g. a bespoke wedding cake. Memory: One job at a time, made to measure.
单件生产 – 根据顾客特定要求制造单个独特产品，例如定制婚礼蛋糕。记忆：一次一件，量身定做。
Batch production – Producing a group of identical products together, then switching to another batch. Used for bread or clothing sizes. Tip: A bakery bakes a batch of rolls, then a batch of loaves.
批量生产 – 集中生产一组相同产品，之后转换生产另一批。用于面包或服装尺码。提示：面包房烤一批面包卷，再烤一批长条面包。
Flow production – Continuous mass production on an assembly line, with specialised workers and machines. Also called mass production. Memory: Products flow like a river, non‑stop.
流水线生产 – 在装配线上进行大规模连续生产，配备专业工人和机器。也称大规模生产。记忆：产品像河水一样不停流动。
Quality control – Inspecting finished products to remove any that do not meet standards. Tip: Checking at the end of the line, like a final exam.
质量控制 – 检查成品，剔除不符合标准的产品。提示：生产线末端检查，如同期末考试。
Published by TutorHao | Business Revision Series | aleveler.com
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