📚 Year 8 Edexcel English: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Guide | Year 8 Edexcel 英语：词汇术语速记指南
Building a strong foundation in English vocabulary and literary terminology is essential for Year 8 Edexcel success. This guide breaks down key terms into quick, memorable categories to help you analyse texts, write effectively and feel confident in every lesson.
建立扎实的英语词汇和文学术语基础对于 Year 8 Edexcel 获得成功至关重要。本指南将关键术语拆分成易于记忆的类别，帮助你分析文本、有效写作，并在每节课上都充满信心。
1. Word Classes | 词类
Word classes (also called parts of speech) describe the job a word does in a sentence. Recognising them helps you improve sentence variety and grammatical accuracy.
词类（也称词性）描述一个词在句子中扮演的角色。识别它们有助于你提升句式多样性和语法准确性。
A noun names a person, place, thing or idea. Examples: 'student', 'London', 'apple', 'bravery'.
名词命名人、地点、事物或概念。例如：'学生'，'伦敦'，'苹果'，'勇敢'。
A verb shows an action, occurrence or state of being. Examples: 'run', 'become', 'is'.
动词表示动作、事件或存在状态。例如：'跑'，'变成'，'是'。
An adjective describes a noun or pronoun, telling us what kind, how many or which one. Examples: 'bright', 'two', 'happy'.
形容词修饰名词或代词，告诉我们是什么种类、多少或哪一个。例如：'明亮的'，'两个'，'快乐的'。
An adverb modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb, often explaining how, when or where. Examples: 'quickly', 'always', 'outside'.
副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，常解释方式、时间或地点。例如：'迅速地'，'总是'，'外面'。
A pronoun replaces a noun to avoid repetition. Examples: 'she', 'him', 'they', 'which'.
代词替代名词以避免重复。例如：'她'，'他'，'他们'，'哪一个'。
A preposition shows the relationship between a noun/pronoun and another word, usually indicating position or time. Examples: 'under', 'after', 'beside'.
介词表示名词/代词与其他词之间的关系，通常指示位置或时间。例如：'在…下'，'在…之后'，'在…旁边'。
A conjunction joins words, phrases or clauses. Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or) link equal parts; subordinating conjunctions (because, although, while) introduce dependent clauses.
连词连接词、短语或从句。并列连词（and, but, or）连接同等成分；从属连词（because, although, while）引导从属从句。
A determiner introduces a noun and makes its reference clear. Common determiners include 'a', 'the', 'this', 'my', 'some'.
限定词引出名词并明确其指代。常见的限定词包括 'a'，'the'，'this'，'my'，'some'。
An interjection is a short word or phrase that expresses sudden feeling. Examples: 'Wow!', 'Oops!', 'Hooray!'.
感叹词是表达突然情感的短词或短语。例如：'哇!'，'哎呀!'，'万岁!'。
2. Figurative Language | 比喻性语言
Figurative language uses words in imaginative ways to create vivid effects. Being able to spot and name these devices sharpens your reading responses and creative writing.
比喻性语言以富有想象力的方式使用词语，创造生动的效果。能识别并命名这些手法会让你的阅读分析和创意写作更加锐利。
A simile compares two different things using 'like' or 'as'. Example: 'The clouds were as fluffy as cotton wool.'
明喻用 'like' 或 'as' 比较两个不同的事物。例如：'云朵像棉絮一样蓬松。'
A metaphor states that one thing is another, without using 'like' or 'as'. Example: 'Her voice was music to his ears.'
隐喻直接将一事物说成是另一事物，不用 'like' 或 'as'。例如：'她的嗓音是他耳中的音乐。'
Personification gives human characteristics to non-human things. Example: 'The angry storm rattled the windows.'
拟人赋予非人事物以人的特征。例如：'愤怒的暴风雨把窗户震得格格响。'
Hyperbole is extreme exaggeration used for emphasis or effect. Example: 'I have a mountain of homework tonight.'
夸张是用于强调或效果的极度夸大。例如：'今晚我有一堆像山一样的作业。'
An oxymoron
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