Year 7 Cambridge Law: Mock Unit Test Explained with Answers | Year 7 剑桥法律：单元测试模拟卷解析

📚 Year 7 Cambridge Law: Mock Unit Test Explained with Answers | Year 7 剑桥法律：单元测试模拟卷解析

This article provides a complete walkthrough of a Year 7 Cambridge Law mock unit test. You will find the full set of questions, model answers and clear explanations for every item. Use this resource to check your understanding of the first legal studies topic and to build confidence for your real assessment.

本文是一份 Year 7 剑桥法律单元模拟卷的完整解析。你将看到全套试题、参考答案以及每题详细的解释。通过这份资料，你可以检验自己对法律基础知识的掌握情况，并为真正的测评做好准备。

1. Mock Test Overview | 模拟卷概述

The mock paper covers the core ideas of the introductory law unit. It is divided into two sections: ten multiple‑choice questions testing key facts and definitions, and five short‑answer questions that ask you to explain concepts in your own words. Total marks: 36. Recommended time: 45 minutes. A score of 70% or above would indicate a solid grasp of the topic.

这份模拟卷涵盖了法律入门单元的核心知识。试卷分为两部分：10 道选择题考查关键事实和定义，5 道简答题要求用自己的话解释概念。总分 36 分，建议用时 45 分钟。得分超过 70% 说明你已经很好地掌握了本单元内容。

Test structure:

试卷结构：

Section	Number of questions	Marks
A: Multiple Choice	10	20
B: Short Answer	5	16
Total	15	36

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2. Multiple-Choice Q1–Q3: Foundations of Law | 选择题 1–3：法律基础

Question 1: Which of the following best describes a law? A. A school rule about uniform B. A custom followed by a family C. A rule enforced by the state D. A guideline for playing sports

问题 1：下列哪一项最能描述法律？ A. 关于校服的学校规定 B. 家庭遵循的习俗 C. 由国家强制执行的规则 D. 体育运动的指导原则

Answer: C. A rule enforced by the state.

答案：C. 由国家强制执行的规则。

Explanation: Laws are special rules made by parliament or developed through courts that apply to everyone in a country. The key feature that separates a law from a school rule or a family custom is that laws are backed by the power of the state and enforced through police, courts and penalties. A school rule only applies within school and is enforced by teachers, not the legal system.

解释：法律是由议会制定或通过法院发展起来的特殊规则，适用于一国的所有人。法律与校规或家庭习俗的关键区别在于，法律由国家权力支持，并通过警察、法院和惩罚措施来执行。校规仅在校内适用，由教师执行，而非依靠法律体系。

Question 2: Criminal law is primarily concerned with: A. Disputes over property between neighbours B. Offences that harm society as a whole C. Agreements to buy goods D. Family disagreements

问题 2：刑法主要涉及： A. 邻里之间的财产纠纷 B. 危害整个社会的犯罪行为 C. 购买商品的协议 D. 家庭纠纷

Answer: B. Offences that harm society as a whole.

答案：B. 危害整个社会的犯罪行为。

Explanation: Criminal law deals with behaviour that is considered harmful to the community or the state, such as theft, assault or murder. The case is brought by the state (the Crown) against the accused. The aim is to punish the offender, not simply to settle a private argument. Civil law, by contrast, deals with disputes between individuals or businesses.

解释：刑法处理的是被认为对社会或国家有害的行为，例如盗窃、人身攻击或谋杀。这类案件由国家（王室）对被告提起诉讼。其目的在于惩罚犯罪者，而不仅仅是解决私人间的争执。相比之下，民法处理个人或企业之间的纠纷。

Question 3: Which is the highest court in the United Kingdom? A. Magistrates' Court B. Crown Court C. High Court D. Supreme Court

问题 3：英国的最高法院是哪一所？ A. 治安法院 B. 刑事法院 C. 高等法院 D. 最高法院

Answer: D. Supreme Court.

答案：D. 最高法院。

Explanation: The court system in England and Wales has a clear hierarchy. At the bottom are the Magistrates’ Courts and County Courts. Above them are the Crown Court and High Court. The Court of Appeal hears appeals from lower courts, and at the very top sits the Supreme Court, whose decisions bind all other courts in the country.

解释：英格兰和威尔士的法院体系有明确的等级。最基层的是治安法院和郡法院，往上是刑事法院和高等法院。上诉法院审理来自下级法院的上诉，而位于最顶端的是最高法院，其判决对国内所有其他法院具有约束力。

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3. Multiple-Choice Q4–Q6: Courts and Legal Personnel | 选择题 4–6：法院与法律人员

Question 4: What is the role of a jury in a criminal trial? A. To decide the law B. To decide the punishment C. To decide whether the defendant is guilty based on the facts D. To represent the defendant

问题 4：陪审团在刑事审判中的作用是什么？ A. 决定法律适用 B. 决定刑罚 C. 根据事实裁定被告是否有罪 D. 代表被告

Answer: C. To decide whether the defendant is guilty based on the facts.

答案：C. 根据事实裁定被告是否有罪。

Explanation: In a Crown Court trial, the jury listens to the evidence from both prosecution and defence. Their job is to decide the facts and reach a verdict of 'guilty' or 'not guilty'. Matters of law and sentencing are left to the judge, not the jury. The jury must be impartial and reach its decision solely on the evidence presented in court.

解释：在刑事法院的审判中，陪审团听取控辩双方提出的证据。他们的职责是认定事实并作出“有罪”或“无罪”的裁定。法律适用和量刑问题由法官而非陪审团决定。陪审团必须保持公正，仅根据法庭上出示的证据作出判断。

Question 5: Which of the following is a legal professional who represents clients in the higher courts? A. Police officer B. Solicitor C. Barrister D. Judge

问题 5：下列哪一类法律专业人员能代表当事人在高等法院出庭？ A. 警察 B. 事务律师 C. 出庭律师 D. 法官

Answer: C. Barrister.

答案：C. 出庭律师。

Explanation: In the UK legal profession, solicitors usually give legal advice, prepare documents, and may represent clients in lower courts. Barristers specialise in advocacy and are the lawyers who wear wigs and gowns when appearing in the Crown Court, High Court and appeal courts. Most clients have a solicitor who then instructs a barrister if the case goes to a higher court.

解释：在英国的法律职业中，事务律师通常提供法律咨询、准备文件，并可能在初级法院代表当事人。出庭律师则专门从事法庭辩护，是那些在刑事法院、高等法院和上诉法院出庭时穿戴假发和法袍的律师。通常当事人先与事务律师联系，若案件进入高级别法院，则由事务律师委托出庭律师。

Question 6: The age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales is: A. 7 B. 10 C. 12 D. 16

问题 6：英格兰和威尔士的刑事责任年龄是： A. 7 岁 B. 10 岁 C. 12 岁 D. 16 岁

Answer: B. 10.

答案：B. 10 岁。

Explanation: In England and Wales, a child under 10 years old cannot be charged with a criminal offence. This rule recognises that young children do not yet have the full ability to understand the difference between serious wrongdoing and simple naughtiness. Once a child turns 10, they can be held criminally responsible, although the youth court handles most cases involving young people.

解释：在英格兰和威尔士，10 岁以下的儿童不能被指控刑事犯罪。这条规则承认年幼的儿童尚不能完全理解严重过错与单纯淘气之间的区别。一旦儿童年满 10 岁，就可能被追究刑事责任，不过涉及未成年人的案件大多由青少年法庭处理。

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4. Multiple-Choice Q7–Q10: Principles and Sources | 选择题 7–10：原则与法律渊源

Question 7: Case law is law created by: A. Parliament B. Police C. Judges through court decisions D. The Prime Minister

问题 7：判例法是由谁创造的？ A. 议会 B. 警察 C. 法官通过法院判决 D. 首相

Answer: C. Judges through court decisions.

答案：C. 法官通过法院判决。

Explanation: Unlike statute law (made by Parliament), case law develops when judges decide individual cases. The decisions of higher courts become precedents that lower courts must follow. This is also called the common law system. For example, many rules about contracts and negligence have been shaped by judges over centuries.

解释：与议会制定的成文法不同，判例法是法官在审理具体案件时发展出来的法律。上级法院的判决成为判例，下级法院必须遵循。这也被称为普通法体系。例如，许多关于合同和过失的规则都是由法官在几个世纪中逐渐塑造的。

Question 8: What does 'presumption of innocence' mean? A. An accused person must prove they are innocent B. An accused person is considered guilty until proved innocent C. An accused person is considered innocent until the prosecution proves guilt D. Judges always presume the defendant is guilty

问题 8：“无罪推定”的含义是什么？ A. 被告必须证明自己无罪 B. 在被证明无罪之前，被告被视为有罪 C. 在控方证明有罪之前，被告被视为无罪 D. 法官总是推定被告有罪

Answer: C. An accused person is considered innocent until the prosecution proves guilt.

答案：C. 在控方证明有罪之前，被告被视为无罪。

Explanation: The presumption of innocence is a fundamental human right in fair legal systems. It means the burden of proof lies on the prosecution, not on the defendant. The jury or magistrates must be satisfied 'beyond reasonable doubt' of the defendant's guilt. This principle protects individuals from wrongful conviction.

解释：无罪推定是公正法律体系中的一项基本人权。它意味着举证责任在控方，而不在被告。陪审团或治安法官必须“排除合理怀疑”地确信被告有罪。这一原则保护个人免遭错误定罪。

Question 9: Which of the following is an example of a civil law matter? A. A person charged with burglary B. A dispute over a broken contract C. A person accused of assault D. A case of murder

问题 9：下列哪项属于民法事例？ A. 某人被指控入室盗窃 B. 关于违约的纠纷 C. 某人被指控人身攻击 D. 谋杀案

Answer: B. A dispute over a broken contract.

答案：B. 关于违约的纠纷。

Explanation: Civil law deals with disagreements between people or organisations, such as breaches of contract, property disputes, personal injury claims and family matters. The person who brings the case is the claimant, and the remedy is usually compensation. Matters like burglary and assault fall under criminal law, where the state prosecutes.

解释：民法处理个人或组织之间的分歧，例如违约、财产纠纷、人身伤害索赔及家庭事务。提起诉讼的人被称为原告，救济方式通常是金钱赔偿。而入室盗窃和人身攻击等事项属于刑法范畴，由国家提起诉讼。

Question 10: Laws made by Parliament are called: A. Case law B. Statute law C. Common law D. Customary law

问题 10：议会制定的法律被称为： A. 判例法 B. 成文法 C. 普通法 D. 习惯法

Answer: B. Statute law.

答案：B. 成文法。

Explanation: Statute law, also known as legislation, is created when a bill is approved by both Houses of Parliament and receives Royal Assent. Examples include the Theft Act 1968 and the Human Rights Act 1998. Statute law is the supreme source of law in the UK and can override common law rules if Parliament chooses.

解释：成文法，又称制定法，是当一项法案经议会两院通过并获得御准后创制的法律。例如《1968 年盗窃法》和《1998 年人权法》。成文法是英国最高级别的法律渊源，如果议会选择，它可以推翻普通法规则。

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5. Short-Answer Q1: Criminal Law vs Civil Law | 简答题 1：刑法与民法

Question: Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law. (4 marks)

问题：解释刑法与民法的区别。（4 分）

Model answer: Criminal law deals with offences that harm society, such as theft and murder. The state (the Crown) brings the case against the accused, and the purpose is to punish the offender. Civil law resolves disputes between individuals or organisations, for example breaches of contract or family matters. The claimant brings the case, and the usual remedy is compensation or an order to do or stop doing something.

参考答案：刑法处理危害社会的犯罪行为，如盗窃和谋杀。国家（王室）对被告提起诉讼，其目的是惩罚犯罪者。民法解决个人或组织之间的纠纷，例如违约或家庭事务。原告提起诉讼，通常的救济方式是赔偿，或法院命令作为或不作为。

Explanation: A four‑mark answer needs four distinct points. Here we have given: (1) criminal law concerns offences against society, (2) state prosecutes and punishment is the aim, (3) civil law deals with private disputes, (4) individual brings a claim and remedy is compensation. Students who clearly state the parties, purposes and nature of each branch will gain full marks.

解释：4 分的答案需要四个不同的得分点。这里我们给出了：（1）刑法涉及危害社会的犯罪；（2）国家起诉，以惩罚为目的；（3）民法处理私人与组织间的纠纷；（4）个人提起诉讼，救济通常为赔偿。清楚陈述了两大法律部门的主体、目的和性质的学生就能获得满分。

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6. Short-Answer Q2: Role of the Jury | 简答题 2：陪审团的职责

Question: Describe two duties of a jury in a criminal trial. (3 marks)

问题：描述陪审团在刑事审判中的两项职责。（3 分）

Model answer: First, the jury listens carefully to all the evidence presented in court. Second, it decides the facts and reaches a verdict on whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. The jury must be objective and base its decision only on the evidence, not on what it already knows or has read outside court.

参考答案：第一，陪审团仔细听取法庭上出示的所有证据。第二，它裁定事实并做出被告有罪或无罪的判决。陪审团必须客观，并仅根据证据做出决定，而非根据其获知或庭外读到的信息。

Explanation: Award one mark for each duty and a further mark for elaboration. The first point could be 'listening to evidence' and the expansion is 'so they can understand the case fully'. The second point is 'deciding the verdict' and elaboration could be 'by applying the law as directed by the judge to the facts they have found'.

解释：评分时，每项职责给 1 分，展开说明再给 1 分。例如第一点是“听取证据”，展开为“以便全面了解

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