📚 Year 7 Cambridge Computing: Summer Prep & Bridging Course | 剑桥七年级计算机：暑期预习与衔接课程
Moving up to Year 7 brings exciting challenges in Computing. You will explore how computers work, learn to think logically, create your own programs, and use digital tools safely. This summer bridging course introduces the core topics of the Cambridge Lower Secondary Computing curriculum so you can start the year with confidence and curiosity.
升入七年级，计算机课程将带来令人兴奋的挑战。你将探索计算机的工作原理，学习逻辑思维，编写自己的程序，并学会安全地使用数字工具。这份暑期衔接课程将介绍剑桥初中计算机课程的核心主题，帮助你带着信心和好奇心开启新学年。
1. Welcome to Year 7 Computing: What to Expect | 欢迎进入七年级计算机：课程概览
Year 7 Computing covers five key strands: Digital Literacy, Computer Systems, Data & Information, Programming, and Creative Projects. You will build on what you learned in primary school and develop new skills such as writing algorithms, coding in block-based and text-based languages, and understanding how networks operate.
七年级计算机课程涵盖五大核心领域：数字素养、计算机系统、数据与信息、编程以及创意项目。你将在小学所学基础上，发展新技能，例如编写算法、使用积木式与文本式语言编程，以及理解网络的工作原理。
Lessons combine theory with hands-on activities. You might use Scratch to animate a story, write Python to solve maths problems, or design a website about online safety. The goal is to become a confident and responsible digital creator.
课堂将理论知识与动手实践相结合。你可能会用 Scratch 制作动画故事，用 Python 解决数学问题，或设计一个关于网络安全的网页。目标是成为一名自信且负责任的数字创造者。
2. Digital Literacy and Online Safety | 数字素养与网络安全
Being digitally literate means more than just using a device. It involves evaluating online information, protecting your privacy, and behaving respectfully. Year 7 students learn to recognise phishing scams, create strong passwords, and manage their digital footprint.
数字素养不仅仅意味着会使用设备。它包括评估网络信息、保护隐私和尊重他人。七年级学生将学习识别网络钓鱼诈骗、创建强密码以及管理自己的数字足迹。
Always ask yourself before sharing: Is this kind? Is this necessary? Is this true? Learn about cyberbullying and how to report it. Understand that once something is posted online, it can be hard to remove completely.
在分享前要问自己：这样做友善吗？有必要吗？信息真实吗？了解网络欺凌现象及举报方法。记住，一旦内容发布到网上，就可能难以彻底删除。
A simple safety checklist: use privacy settings, log out of shared devices, and never share passwords with friends. Treat others online as you would in person.
一个简单的安全清单：使用隐私设置、在共用设备上退出登录、绝不与朋友分享密码。在网上对待他人要像在现实生活中一样尊重。
3. The Computer System: Hardware and Software | 计算机系统：硬件与软件
A computer system consists of hardware – the physical parts you can touch – and software – the programs that give the hardware instructions. The processor (CPU) acts as the brain, fetching and executing commands. Memory (RAM) holds data temporarily while the computer is on, and storage (SSD or HDD) keeps files permanently.
计算机系统由硬件和软件组成。硬件是你可以触摸到的物理部件，软件则是为硬件发出指令的程序。处理器（CPU）就像大脑，负责取出并执行命令。内存（RAM）在开机时临时保存数据，而存储器（如 SSD 或 HDD）则永久保存文件。
Software can be system software, like the operating system that manages resources, or application software, like a word processor or a game. Year 7 students learn to distinguish these layers and understand how they work together.
软件可分为系统软件（如管理资源的操作系统）和应用软件（如文字处理器或游戏）。七年级学生需要区分这些层次，并理解它们如何协同工作。
The motherboard connects everything, and the power supply provides electricity. Cooling fans prevent overheating. All these parts form a working machine that processes data and runs our favourite apps.
主板将所有部件连接起来，电源提供电力，散热风扇防止过热。这些部件共同构成一台能够处理数据、运行我们喜爱应用的机器。
4. Input, Output, and Storage Devices | 输入、输出与存储设备
Input devices send data into the computer. Examples include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, and sensors. Output devices present information to the user. Monitors, printers, speakers, and headphones are common outputs. Some devices, like a touchscreen, act as both input and output.
输入设备将数据送入计算机，例如键盘、鼠标、触摸屏、麦克风和传感器。输出设备向用户呈现信息，常见的输出设备包括显示器、打印机、扬声器和耳机。有些设备（如触摸屏）兼具输入与输出功能。
| Category | Examples |
|---|---|
| Input | Keyboard, mouse, scanner, webcam, joystick |
| Output | Monitor, printer, speakers, projector |
| Storage | Hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD), USB flash drive, SD card, cloud storage |
Storage devices keep data for later use. Primary storage (RAM) is fast but temporary; secondary storage (hard drives, cloud) is slower but permanent. Choosing the right storage depends on speed, capacity, and portability.
存储设备保存数据以便后续使用。主存储器（RAM）速度快但临时保留；辅存储器（硬盘、云端）速度较慢但数据持久。选择合适的存储设备需考虑速度、容量和便携性。
5. Binary and Data Representation | 二进制与数据表示
Computers use binary – a number system with only two digits: 0 and 1. Each binary digit is called a bit. Eight bits make one byte, which can represent a character, a colour intensity, or a small number. All data, including text, images, and sound, is stored as long sequences of bits.
计算机使用二进制——一种只包含 0 和 1 的数字系统。每个二进制数字称为一个比特（bit）。八个比特组成一个字节（byte），可表示一个字符、一种颜色强度或一个小数字。所有数据——文本、图像、声音——都以长长的比特序列存储。
Binary to Decimal: (1011)₂ = 1×2³ + 0×2² + 1×2¹ + 1×2⁰ = 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 11₁₀
To convert binary to decimal, multiply each bit by its place value (powers of 2) and add the results. For text, computers use codes like ASCII where each letter has a unique binary number. For example, 'A' is 0100 0001 in binary.
将二进制转换为十进制时，将每个比特乘以其位值（2 的幂），然后相加。对于文本，计算机使用如 ASCII 等编码，每个字符有唯一的二进制数字。例如，'A' 的二进制是 0100 0001。
Images are represented by pixels; each pixel’s colour is stored as binary. Higher bit depth allows more colours. Understanding data representation helps you see why file sizes differ and how compression works.
图像由像素表示，每个像素的颜色以二进制储存。更高的位深度能呈现更多颜色。理解数据表示有助于你明白文件大小为何不同，以及压缩如何工作。
6. Computational Thinking: Logic and Problem Solving | 计算思维：逻辑与问题解决
Computational thinking is a way of solving problems that draws on concepts from computer science. It has four main techniques: decomposition (breaking a problem into smaller parts), pattern recognition (spotting similarities), abstraction (focusing on important information only), and algorithmic thinking (creating step-by-step solutions).
计算思维是一种借鉴计算机科学概念的问题解决方法。它包括四种核心技术：分解（将问题拆分成小部分）、模式识别（发现相似性）、抽象（只关注重要信息）以及算法思维（创建分步解决方案）。
For example, when organising a school trip, you decompose it into transport, food, and activities. You recognise patterns from previous trips. You abstract by ignoring irrelevant details like each student’s favourite colour, and you design an algorithm for booking steps.
例如，在组织学校旅行时，你可以将其分解为交通、食物和活动；识别以往旅行的模式；进行抽象，忽略无关细节（如学生最喜欢的颜色）；并设计预订步骤的算法。
Computational thinking is not just for programmers. It helps you think clearly about complex tasks in any subject, from maths to history. Year 7 activities will ask you to apply these skills regularly.
计算思维并不只是程序员的专利。它能帮助你清晰思考任何学科（从数学到历史）中的复杂任务。七年级的活动会经常要求你运用这些技能。
7. Introduction to Algorithms and Flowcharts | 算法与流程图入门
An algorithm is a precise set of instructions to solve a problem or complete a task. It can be written in plain English, as pseudocode, or as a flowchart. A good algorithm is unambiguous, has a clear end, and produces the correct output for all valid inputs.
算法是用于解决问题或完成任务的精确指令集。它可以用普通英语、伪代码或流程图来表达。一个好的算法是明确无歧义的、有明确的结束条件，并能为所有有效输入产生正确输出。
Flowcharts use standard symbols: an oval for start/end, a rectangle for a process, a diamond for a decision, and arrows to show the flow. Here is a simple algorithm for deciding what to wear:
流程图使用标准符号：椭圆形表示开始/结束，矩形表示处理步骤，菱形表示判断，箭头表示流程方向。以下是一个决定穿什么的简单算法：
Start → Is it raining? → Yes: Take an umbrella → End | No: Wear sunglasses → End
When you design an algorithm, you must consider all possible paths. Testing with different inputs helps you find errors. You will learn to trace through flowcharts and write your own for everyday tasks and simple programs.
设计算法时，必须考虑所有可能的路径。用不同的输入进行测试有助于发现错误。你将学习追踪流程图，并为日常任务和简单程序编写自己的算法。
8. Get Started with Block-based Programming (Scratch) | 块式编程入门（Scratch）
Scratch is a visual programming language where you snap together colour-coded blocks to build scripts. It helps beginners focus on logic without worrying about typing errors. You can create animations, games, stories, and simulations.
Scratch 是一种可视化编程语言，你可以将彩色积木拼接在一起来构建脚本。它让初学者专注于逻辑，无需担心打字错误。你可以创作动画、游戏、故事和模拟程序。
The Scratch interface has a stage, a sprite list, and a scripts area. Blocks are grouped into categories like Motion, Looks, Sound, Events, Control, Sensing, and Operators. Start with Event blocks like 'when green flag clicked', then add Motion or Looks blocks.
Scratch 界面包含舞台、角色列表和脚本区。积木按类别分组，如运动、外观、声音、事件、控制、侦测和运算。从“当绿旗被点击”这样的事件积木开始，然后添加运动或外观积木。
Create a simple animation: make a cat sprite move 10 steps, say 'Hello!', and turn 15 degrees repeatedly. Experiment with loops and conditional blocks. You will learn key programming ideas – sequences, loops, and conditions – in a playful way.
创建一个简单动画：让小猫角色移动 10 步、说“你好！”并重复旋转 15 度。尝试使用循环和条件积木。你将在游戏中学习关键编程概念——顺序、循环和条件。
9. Introduction to Python Programming (Basic Syntax) | Python 编程入门（基本语法）
Python is a text-based language that is widely used in industry and schools. Year 7 students are introduced to the print function, variables, user input, and simple arithmetic. Python reads your code line by line and gives instant feedback, making it ideal for beginners.
Python 是一种广泛应用于产业和学校的文本式语言。七年级学生将学习 print 函数、变量、用户输入和简单算术。Python 逐行读取代码并提供即时反馈，非常适合初学者。
print('Hello, World!') displays text on the screen. Variables store data: name = 'Alex' or score = 10. You can ask the user for input: age = input('How old are you? ') and then use that value.
print('Hello, World!') 可在屏幕上显示文本。变量用于存储数据：name = 'Alex' 或 score = 10。你可以要求用户输入：age = input('How old are you? ') 然后使用该值。
Python can do maths: total = 5 + 3 * 2 follows the order of operations. You can also use brackets to control the order. Combining these basics, you can write a program that asks for a number, doubles it, and prints the result.
Python 可以进行数学运算：total = 5 + 3 * 2 遵循运算优先级。你也可以使用括号来控制顺序。结合这些基础知识，就能写出一个程序：要求输入数字、将其加倍并打印结果。
10. The Internet and World Wide Web | 互联网与万维网
The internet is a global network of computers connected through cables, fibre optics, and wireless signals. The World Wide Web is one of the services that run on the internet, consisting of web pages accessible via browsers. Understanding the difference is essential.
互联网是由电缆、光缆和无线信号连接的全球计算机网络。万维网是在互联网上运行的服务之一，由可通过浏览器访问的网页组成。理解两者的区别至关重要。
Each device on the internet has an IP address, like a digital home address. Domain names (e.g., www.cambridge.org) make these easier to remember. When you type a URL, your browser sends a request to a server, which returns the web page using HTTP or HTTPS.
互联网上的每台设备都有一个 IP 地址，类似数字家庭住址。域名（如 www.cambridge.org）使其更易于记忆。当你输入网址时，浏览器会向服务器发送请求，服务器使用 HTTP 或 HTTPS 协议传回网页。
HTTPS adds encryption, shown by a padlock in the browser. Year 7 students should know how to check for secure connections, understand cookies, and be aware of how data travels across networks in small packets.
HTTPS 添加了加密功能，浏览器中会显示挂锁图标。七年级学生应了解如何检查安全连接、理解 cookie，并知晓数据如何以小型数据包的形式在网络中传输。
11. Creativity with Digital Tools: Documents, Presentations, and Spreadsheets | 使用数字工具创意：文档、演示文稿与电子表格
Proficiency in productivity tools is a vital skill. You will learn to create well-structured documents, design engaging presentations, and use spreadsheets to organise and analyse data. These tools help you present your ideas clearly in any subject.
熟练使用办公工具是一项关键技能。你将学习创建结构清晰的文档、设计引人入胜的演示文稿，以及使用电子表格来组织和分析数据。这些工具能帮助你在任何学科中清晰地呈现想法。
In word processing, you will use headings, bullet points, images, and tables. In presentations, you will focus on layout, consistent design, and minimal text. Spreadsheets let you perform calculations: a simple formula like =A1+B1 adds two cells; dragging the fill handle copies the pattern.
在文字处理中，你将使用标题、项目符号、图片和表格。在演示文稿中，重点在于版式、一致性设计和简约文字。电子表格允许你进行计算：一个简单公式如 =A1+B1 可以求两个单元格之和；拖动填充柄即可复制该模式。
You will also learn to chart data, use functions like SUM and AVERAGE, and sort information. These skills build a foundation for later topics in data handling and project presentation.
你还将学习绘制数据图表、使用 SUM 和 AVERAGE 等函数，以及对信息进行排序。这些技能为今后的数据处理和项目展示奠定了基础。
12. Summer Project: Build a Simple Game or Presentation | 暑期项目：制作一个简单游戏或演示文稿
To put your new knowledge into practice, choose one of these mini-projects: design a short quiz in Scratch about cyber safety, draw a flowchart for a morning routine and write the matching Python program, or make a presentation on how data travels across the internet.
为了将所学知识付诸实践，请选择以下一个小项目：用 Scratch 设计一个关于网络安全的简短问答游戏；为晨间例行活动绘制流程图并写出对应的 Python 程序；或者制作一份关于数据如何通过互联网传输的演示文稿。
If you prefer a challenge, create an interactive story in Scratch that asks the player to make choices, leading to different endings. Alternatively, use a spreadsheet to plan a virtual party budget, including quantities, prices, and totals with charts.
如果你想挑战自己，可以在 Scratch 中创作一个让玩家做出选择并引向不同结局的互动故事。或者使用电子表格规划一次虚拟聚会的预算，包括数量、价格和总计，并附上图表。
The key is to plan before you build: write down your idea, list the steps, and gather the assets you need. This project will give you a head start and make your first Year 7 Computing lessons feel familiar and fun.
关键是在动手之前做好规划：写下你的想法，列出步骤，并收集需要的素材。这个小项目会为你带来先发优势，让七年级的第一堂计算机课变得亲切而有趣。
Published by TutorHao | Computer Science Revision Series | aleveler.com
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