📚 Year 7 Cambridge Geography: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Revision Guide | Year 7 剑桥地理：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your go-to guide for mastering the key geographical terms in the Year 7 Cambridge curriculum. Geography is all about understanding our planet and how people interact with it. Building a strong vocabulary is the first step to reading maps, explaining processes, and writing great answers. In this guide, we have grouped the most important terms by topic, with simple definitions and memory tricks to help them stick in your mind. Use it for quick revision before tests and to reinforce your classroom learning.
欢迎使用这份 Year 7 剑桥地理关键术语速记指南。地理学旨在理解我们的星球以及人类如何与之互动。建立扎实的词汇量是读懂地图、解释过程和写出优秀答案的第一步。在本指南中，我们按主题将最重要的术语进行分组，提供简单定义和记忆技巧，帮助你牢牢记住它们。可在考试前快速复习，巩固课堂所学。
1. Map Skills and Direction | 地图技能与方向
Compass Rose: a diagram on a map showing the cardinal and intermediate directions. The four main points are North, East, South, West. Use the mnemonic "Never Eat Soggy Waffles" or "Naughty Elephants Squirt Water" to remember the clockwise order. It helps you orientate any map straight away.
指南针玫瑰：地图上显示基本和中间方向的图形。四个主方向是北、东、南、西。用“Never Eat Soggy Waffles”（或“你爱吃湿华夫饼”）来记住顺时针顺序。它能帮你立即确定地图方向。
Latitude: imaginary horizontal lines that run east-west around the Earth, measuring distance north or south of the Equator in degrees. Think "lat" as in "ladder" but lying flat — latitude lines are parallel like the rungs of a very wide ladder.
纬度：环绕地球东西方向的假想水平线，以赤道为基准测量南北距离，单位是度。可以将“lat”联想为平放的梯子（ladder）——纬线就像极宽的梯子横档一样平行排列。
Longitude: imaginary vertical lines (meridians) that converge at the poles. They measure distance east or west of the Prime Meridian (0°). A memory aid: "longitude" has the word "long" — these lines run all the way from pole to pole along the long route.
经度：汇聚于两极的假想垂直线（子午线）。测量本初子午线(0°)以东或以西的距离。助记：“longitude”中含有“long”，表示这些线沿长路从一极延伸到另一极。
Grid Reference: a set of numbers that pinpoints a location on a map using eastings (horizontal) and northings (vertical). A four-figure reference gives a square, a six-figure gives an exact point. Always remember "along the corridor and up the stairs": read the easting first, then the northing.
网格坐标：利用东距（横向）和北距（纵向）数字来定位地图上某点的编号系统。四位坐标给出一个方格，六位坐标给出精确点。永远记住口诀：“沿着走廊走，再上楼梯”——先读东距，再读北距。
2. Settlement Patterns | 聚落形态
Settlement: any place where people live, no matter the size — from a tiny hamlet to a megacity. The word itself suggests "settle" + "ment", meaning a location where people have decided to settle permanently. Settlements grow when the site offers advantages like water, shelter or fertile soil.
聚落：人们居住的任何地方，无论规模大小——从小村落到大都市。这个词本身示意“定居之地”。当某个“地点”具有水源、遮蔽或肥沃土壤等优势时，聚落就会发展起来。
Site: the exact piece of land a settlement is built on, along with its physical features such as flat terrain, a river, or a natural harbour. You can picture "site" as the actual floor plan of the place — the "ground truth".
地点：聚落所建的实际地块及其自然特征，比如平坦地形、河流或天然港湾。可以将“site”想象为这个地方的“地皮”——实实在在的地面条件。
Situation: refers to how a settlement relates to its wider surroundings, for example being near a bridging point, crossroads or a source of trade. "Situation" is all about relationships and connections with other places.
位置：指的是聚落与周边更广阔环境的关系，比如靠近桥梁、交叉路口或贸易源地。“位置”谈的是与其他地方的关系和联系。
g → hamlet → village → town → city → conurbation. Fewer but larger settlements sit at the top, while many small ones crowd the base.
聚落等级：根据规模、重要性和服务范围对聚落进行的排序。典型金字塔结构为：独立房屋 → 小村落 → 村庄 → 城镇 → 城市 → 城市群。数量少但规模大的在顶端，许多小型聚落在底部。
3. Population and Demographics | 人口与人口统计
Population Density: the average number of people living in a square kilometre (people per km²). Densely populated areas are crowded; sparsely populated areas have few people. To remember, "density" shares a root with "dense" — think of a dense forest full of trees.
人口密度：每平方公里土地上的平均居住人数（人每平方公里）。人口稠密区拥挤，人口稀疏区人少。助记法：“density”与“dense”（浓密）同词根——想象一片枝叶茂密的森林。
Birth Rate: the number of live births for every 1,000 people in a
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