📚 Year 7 Cambridge Advanced Mathematics: Quick Vocabulary & Terminology Guide | Year 7 Cambridge 进阶数学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the specialised vocabulary of advanced mathematics is the first step towards confidence in Year 7 Cambridge examinations. This guide presents every essential term with a crisp definition, a memorable learning hook, and a paired Chinese explanation to accelerate your recall and deepen your understanding.
掌握进阶数学的专业词汇是在 Year 7 Cambridge 考试中建立信心的第一步。本指南为你呈现每个核心术语的简明定义、巧妙的记忆线索，并配以中文解释，帮助你快速记忆、加深理解。
1. Number and Place Value | 数字与位值
Integer – A whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero, with no fractional or decimal part. Think of 'integer' as 'intact' – a number that stays whole.
整数 – 可以是正数、负数或零的完整数字，不含分数或小数部分。将 'integer' 联想为 'intact'（完整的），表示它始终保持完整。
Place Value – The value of a digit determined by its position in a number (e.g. in 542, the place value of 5 is hundreds). Picture a table setting: each seat has a specific value.
位值 – 数字中某个数字根据其位置所决定的值（例如在542中，5的位值是百位）。想象餐桌座位：每个位置都有其特定的价值。
Positive Number – Any number greater than zero, often written with a '+' or no sign. Recall: 'positive' sounds like 'plus'.
正数 – 任何大于零的数，常写作 '+' 或不写符号。联想：'positive' 听起来像 'plus'（加号）。
Negative Number – A number less than zero, always written with a minus sign '−'. Think of a thermometer going below zero.
负数 – 小于零的数，总是带有负号 '−'。想象温度计降到零度以下。
Inequality Symbols – or equal to), ≥ (greater than or equal to). The open side always faces the larger number.
不等号 – 用于比较数值的符号：>（大于），<（小于），=（等于），≠（不等于），≤（小于等于），≥（大于等于）。开口永远朝向较大的数。
2. Factors, Multiples and Primes | 因数、倍数与质数
Factor – A whole number that divides exactly into another number without leaving a remainder. Factors come in pairs; think 'factory' – they produce the number.
因数 – 能整除另一个数而没有余数的整数。因数总是成对出现；想象一个生产该数的 '工厂'。
Multiple – The result of multiplying a number by an integer. Multiples are what you say when you count in steps: '3, 6, 9, 12…'.
倍数 – 将一个数乘以整数所得的结果。倍数就是你按步长数数时念出的数：'3, 6, 9, 12…'。
Prime Number – A number greater than 1 that has exactly two distinct factors: 1 and itself. 'Prime' means first-class, basic building blocks of all numbers.
质数（素数） – 大于1且只有两个不同因数的数：1和它本身。'Prime' 意味着一流的、所有数字的基本构建块。
Composite Number – A whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors. 'Composite' means made of parts – like a composite material.
合数 – 大于1且拥有多于两个因数的整数。'Composite' 表示由部分组成的，好比复合材料。
Highest Common Factor (HCF) – The largest factor shared by two or more numbers. Think 'Highest Common' = the biggest divider they share.
最大公因数 (HCF) – 两个或多个数共有的最大因数。联想：'最大值' 共同拥有的那个最大除数。
Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) – The smallest multiple that two or more numbers have in common. Remember 'LCM' as 'Least Common Multiple'.
最小公倍数 (LCM) – 两个或多个数共有的最小倍数。记住 LCM 就是 '最小的公共倍数'。
3. Operations and the Order of Operations | 运算与运算顺序
Sum – The result of adding numbers. The word reminds you of 'summary' – combining things together.
和 – 数字相加得到的结果。'sum' 这个词让你联想到 'summary'（汇总），把东西合并起来。
Difference – The result of subtracting one number from another. Think 'difference' as the gap between two quantities.
差 – 从一个数减去另一个数得到的结果。把 'difference' 想象成两个量之间的差距。
Product – The result of multiplying numbers. A product is what you 'produce' when you multiply.
积 – 数字相乘得到的结果。乘积就是你通过乘法 '生产' 出来的东西。
Quotient – The result of dividing one number by another. 'Quotient' sounds like 'quote' – you are quoting how many times one number fits into another.
商 – 一个数除以另一个数得到的结果。'Quotient' 听起来像 'quote'（引用），就像你在说明一个数能装下另一个数多少次。
BODMAS (or BIDMAS) – The order for carrying out operations: Brackets, Orders (Indices/powers), Division and Multiplication (left to right), Addition and Subtraction (left to right). Mnemonic: Big Old Dinosaurs Make Awful Snacks.
BODMAS（或BIDMAS） – 运算顺序：括号、指数（次方）、除法和乘法（从左到右）、加法和减法（从左到右）。助记口诀：括号、指数、乘除、加减。
4. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages | 分数、小数和百分比
Numerator – The top number in a fraction; it tells how many parts we have. 'Numerator' sounds like 'number' – the number of pieces counted.
分子 – 分数中上面的数字；它表示我们有多少份。'Numerator' 听起来像 'number'（数字）——被计数的份数。
Denominator – The bottom number in a fraction; it shows the total number of equal parts the whole is divided into. Think 'denominator' as the 'name' of the part size (eighths, thirds).
分母 – 分数中下面的数字；它表示整体被分成多少等份。把 'denominator' 联想为部分大小的 '名称'（八分之几、三分之几）。
Equivalent Fractions – Different fractions that represent the same value, like ½ = ²⁄₄. The word 'equivalent' means equal value.
等值分数 – 表示相同值的不同分数，如 ½ = ²⁄₄。'equivalent' 意为等价。
Decimal – A number written with a decimal point to separate whole number parts from fractional parts. 'Deci' means ten, so it is based on powers of ten.
小数 – 用小数点将整数部分与小数部分分开的数。'Deci' 表示十，所以它是基于10的幂的体系。
Percentage – A fraction expressed with a denominator of 100, using the % symbol. 'Per cent' means 'out of 100'.
百分比 – 分母为100的分数，用 % 符号表示。'Per cent' 就是 '每一百' 的意思。
5. Algebraic Expressions | 代数表达式
Variable – A symbol, usually a letter, that stands for an unknown or changing value. Think of a variable as something that can 'vary'.
变量 – 一个符号（通常是字母），代表未知或可变化的值。把变量想象成可以 '变化' 的东西。
Coefficient – The number multiplied by the variable in a term (e.g. in 5x, 5 is the coefficient). 'Co-' means together, 'efficient' – working with the variable.
系数 – 在项中与变量相乘的数字（例如在5x中，5是系数）。'Co-' 表示共同，'efficient' 表示与变量协同工作。
Term – A single number, a variable, or numbers and variables multiplied together, separated by + or − in an expression. Picture each term as a separate ingredient.
项 – 单独的数、变量或数与变量的乘积，在表达式中由 '+' 或 '−' 分隔。把每一项都想象成一个独立的配料。
Expression – A combination of terms and operations without an equals sign, like 3x + 2y − 7. An expression shows a value but does not make a statement of equality.
表达式 – 由项和运算符号组合而成的式子，没有等号，如 3x + 2y − 7。表达式展示一个值，但并不声明相等关系。
Like Terms – Terms that contain exactly the same variable(s) raised to the same power. Only like terms can be combined. Think 'like goes with like'.
同类项 – 包含完全相同变量且变量的指数也相同的项。只有同类项才能合并。记住 '同类项相互配对'。
6. Equations and Inequalities | 方程与不等式
Equation – A mathematical statement that two expressions are equal, shown with an equals sign '='. An equation is like a balanced scale.
方程 – 用等号 '=' 表示两个表达式相等的数学语句。方程就像一架平衡的天平。
Solution – The value (or values) that make an equation true. Think of a solution as the answer that 'solves' the puzzle.
解 – 使方程成立的数值（或多个数值）。将解想象成解开谜题的答案。
Inequality – <, >, ≤, ≥ or ≠. Inequalities show a range of possible values, not just one answer.
不等式 – 使用 <、>、≤、≥ 或 ≠ 等符号来比较两个表达式的语句。不等式显示的是一系列可能的值，而不仅是一个答案。
Balancing Method – A technique for solving equations by performing the same operation on both sides to keep them equal. Imagine a seesaw – keep it level.
平衡法 – 通过在方程两边进行相同运算以保持相等的解方程方法。想象一架跷跷板——始终保持水平。
Inverse Operation – The operation that reverses another: addition and subtraction are inverses; multiplication and division are inverses. Think 'undo'.
逆运算 – 可以倒转另一种运算的运算：加法与减法互为逆运算；乘法与除法互为逆运算。记住 '撤销' 的作用。
7. Geometry: Lines and Angles | 几何：线与角
Point – An exact location in space with no size, usually labelled with a capital letter. A point marks a position.
点 – 空间中无大小的精确位置，通常用大写字母标记。点标示一个位置。
Line Segment – A part of a line with two distinct endpoints. Think of a tight string between two points.
线段 – 有两个明确端点的线的一部分。想象两点之间拉紧的绳子。
Ray – A part of a line that starts at a point and goes on infinitely in one direction. Like a sun ray starting at the sun.
射线 – 从一点开始并朝一个方向无限延伸的线的一部分。就像从太阳发出的光线。
Parallel Lines – Lines in a plane that never meet, staying the same distance apart. Look at the two 'l's in 'parallel' – they run side by side.
平行线 – 平面上永不相交、始终保持相同距离的线。观察 'parallel' 这个单词中两个并排的 'l' 字母——它们永远并行。
Perpendicular Lines – Lines that intersect at a right angle (90°). Think 'perfect T' – the upright meets the crossbar at right angles.
垂直线 – 相交成直角（90°）的线。联想完美的 'T' 形状——竖线碰到横线处恰成直角。
Acute Angle – An angle measuring less than 90°. Acute means sharp – imagine a sharp knife edge.
锐角 – 小于90°的角。Acute 意为尖锐——想象一把锋利的小刀尖角。
Obtuse Angle – An angle between 90° and 180°. Obtuse sounds like 'obese' – a wide, heavy angle.
钝角 – 介于90°到180°之间的角。Obtuse 听起来像 'obese'（肥胖的）——一个宽大沉重的角。
Right Angle – An angle of exactly 90°, often marked with a small square. The 'right' angle stands upright like a corner of a book.
直角 – 恰好为90°的角，通常用小方格标记。'Right' 角像书本的角落一样端正。
8. 2D Shapes and Polygons | 二维图形与多边形
Polygon – A closed 2D shape with straight sides. 'Poly' means many, 'gon' means angle.
多边形 – 由直边组成的封闭二维图形。'Poly' 表示许多，'gon' 表示角。
Triangle – A polygon with three sides and three angles. 'Tri' = three. The sum of its interior angles is always 180°.
三角形 – 有三条边和三个角的多边形。'Tri' 表示三。其内角和总是180°。
Quadrilateral – A four-sided polygon. 'Quad' means four – think of quad bikes with four wheels.
四边形 – 有四条边的多边形。'Quad' 表示四——联想四个轮子的四轮摩托。
Regular Polygon – A polygon where all sides are equal and all angles are equal. 'Regular' means uniform, like a regular pattern.
正多边形 – 所有边都相等且所有角都相等的多边形。'Regular' 表示整齐划一，就像规则图案。
Symmetry – A shape has line symmetry if it can be folded along a line so that one half fits exactly onto the other. 'Sym-' means same, 'metry' measure – same proportions on both sides.
对称 – 如果一个图形可以沿一条线对折使两部分完全重合，它就具有线对称。'Sym-' 表示相同，'metry' 表示度量——两边比例相同。
9. Perimeter, Area and Volume | 周长、面积与体积
Perimeter – The total distance around the edge of a 2D shape. 'Peri' means around, 'meter' means measure – measure around.
周长 – 二维图形边界的总长度。'Peri' 表示周围，'meter' 表示测量——绕一圈测量。
Area – The amount of surface a 2D shape covers, measured in square units (cm², m²). Think of an area as the 'space' inside the border.
面积 – 二维图形所覆盖的表面大小，用平方单位（cm², m²）测量。把面积想象成边界内部的 '空间'。
Area of a rectangle = length × width
长方形面积 = 长 × 宽
Volume – The amount of space a 3D object occupies, measured in cubic units (cm³, m³). Think of how much water a container can hold.
体积 – 三维物体所占空间的大小，用立方单位（cm³, m³）测量。想象一个容器能装多少水。
Volume of a cuboid = length × width × height
长方体体积 = 长 × 宽 × 高
Compound Shape – A shape made by combining two or more simple shapes. To find its area or perimeter, break it into pieces you recognise.
组合图形 – 由两个或多个简单图形组合而成的形状。要求其面积或周长，可将其分解成你认识的图形。
10. Statistics and Probability | 统计与概率
Mean – The average, calculated by adding all values together and dividing by the number of values. Think 'mean' as sharing fairly.
平均数（均值） – 将所有数值相加后除以数值个数得到的平均值。把 'mean' 想象成公平地分享。
Median – The middle value when data are arranged in order. If there are two middle numbers, take their mean. 'Median' sounds like 'medium' – the middle.
中位数 – 将数据按顺序排列后处于中间位置的值。如果有两个中间数，则取它们的均值。'Median' 听起来像 'medium'（中间的）。
Mode – The value that appears most frequently in a data set.
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 进阶数学 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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