📚 Year 7 Cambridge Maths: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 Cambridge 数学:词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the language of mathematics is the first step towards confident problem-solving. This guide presents essential mathematical terms for Year 7 Cambridge students, arranged by topic, with clear definitions and Chinese translations to help you learn and remember them quickly.
掌握数学语言是自信解题的第一步。本指南为Year 7剑桥学生整理了按主题分类的基本数学术语,提供清晰的定义和中文翻译,帮助你快速学习和记住它们。
1. Number Types and Place Value | 数字类型与位值
Integer – A whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero. Examples: -3, 0, 7.
整数 – 可以是正数、负数或零的完整数字。例如:-3, 0, 7。
Positive number – A number greater than zero. On a number line, it lies to the right of zero.
正数 – 大于零的数。在数轴上,正数位于零的右侧。
Negative number – A number less than zero, shown with a minus sign. Example: -5.
负数 – 小于零的数,用减号表示。例如:-5。
Whole number – Any non‑negative integer: 0, 1, 2, 3, …
非负整数 – 任何非负的整数:0, 1, 2, 3, …
Natural number – The counting numbers starting from 1: 1, 2, 3, … (Note: Some definitions include 0, but Cambridge Year 7 usually starts from 1.)
自然数 – 从 1 开始的计数数字:1, 2, 3, …(注意:有些定义包含 0,但在剑桥 Year 7 中通常从 1 开始。)
Place value – The value of a digit depending on its position in a number. In 452, the digit 5 is in the tens place, so it represents 50.
位值 – 一个数字中某一位数字根据其位置所表示的值。在 452 中,数字 5 在十位上,因此它表示 50。
Digit – A single symbol used to write numbers (0, 1, 2, …, 9). The number 307 has three digits.
数字(数位) – 用来书写数字的单个符号(0, 1, 2, …, 9)。数字 307 有三个数位。
2. Arithmetic Operations | 算术运算
Addition (+) – Combining two or more numbers to get a total. The result is called the sum.
加法(+) – 将两个或更多数字合并得到一个总数。其结果称为和。
Subtraction (−) – Taking one number away from another. The result is the difference.
减法(−) – 从一个数中拿走另一个数。结果是差。
Multiplication (×) – Repeated addition. The result is the product. Symbols: ×, · or a dot.
乘法(×) – 重复相加。结果称为积。符号:×、· 或点。
Division (÷) – Splitting into equal parts or groups. The result is the quotient.
除法(÷) – 分成相等的部分或组。结果称为商。
Remainder – division when one number does not divide the other exactly. e.g., 17 ÷ 5 = 3 remainder 2.
余数 – 当一个数不能被另一个数整除时剩余的部分。例如,17 ÷ 5 = 3 余 2。
Square number – The product of a number multiplied by itself. e.g., 4² = 4 × 4 = 16.
平方数 – 一个数乘以自身的结果。例如,4² = 4 × 4 = 16。
Cube number – The product of a number used three times in multiplication. e.g., 2³ = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8.
立方数 – 一个数自乘三次的结果。例如,2³ = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8。
3. Factors, Multiples and Primes | 因数、倍数与质数
Factor – A whole number that divides exactly into another number. The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
因数 – 能整除另一个数的整数。12 的因数有 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 和 12。
Multiple – The result of multiplying a number by an integer. The first five multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15.
倍数 – 一个数乘以整数得到的结果。3 的前五个倍数是 3, 6, 9, 12, 15。
Prime number – A number greater than 1 that has exactly two factors: 1 and itself. Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11.
质数(素数) – 大于 1 且只有两个因数(1 和它本身)的数。例如:2, 3, 5, 7, 11。
Composite number – A number with more than two factors. 8 is composite (factors: 1, 2, 4, 8).
合数 – 有两个以上因数的数。8 是合数(因数:1, 2, 4, 8)。
Highest Common Factor (HCF) – The largest factor shared by two or more numbers. HCF of 12 and 18 is 6.
最大公因数(HCF) – 两个或多个数共有的最大因数。12 和 18 的 HCF 是 6。
Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) – The smallest multiple shared by two or more numbers. LCM of 4 and 5 is 20.
最小公倍数(LCM) – 两个或多个数共有的最小倍数。4 和 5 的 LCM 是 20。
4. Fractions | 分数
Numerator – The top number of a fraction that tells how many parts are taken. In ¾, 3 is the numerator.
分子 – 分数中上面的数字,表示取了多少份。在 ¾ 中,3 是分子。
Denominator – The bottom number of a fraction that tells the total number of equal parts. In ¾, 4 is the denominator.
分母 – 分数中下面的数字,表示总共分成了多少等份。在 ¾ 中,4 是分母。
Proper fraction – A fraction where the numerator is smaller than the denominator. Value is less than 1. Example: ⅖.
真分数 – 分子小于分母的分数。其值小于 1。例如:⅖。
Improper fraction – A fraction where the numerator is equal to or larger than the denominator. Value is 1 or more. Example: ⁷⁄₄.
假分数 – 分子等于或大于分母的分数。其值等于或大于 1。例如:⁷⁄₄。
Mixed number – A whole number combined with a proper fraction. Example: 2¹⁄₃.
带分数 – 一个整数和一个真分数的组合。例如:2¹⁄₃。
Equivalent fractions – Fractions that represent the same value. ½ and ²⁄₄ are equivalent.
等值分数 – 表示相同值的分数。½ 和 ²⁄₄ 是等值的。
Simplifying (cancelling) – Dividing numerator and denominator by the same common factor to get an equivalent fraction in its simplest form. ⁴⁄₈ simplifies to ½.
约分(简化) – 分子分母同时除以它们的公因数,得到最简形式的等值分数。⁴⁄₈ 约分为 ½。
5. Decimals and Percentages | 小数与百分数
Decimal fraction – A fraction written on one line with a decimal point, such as 0.75. The digits after the point represent tenths, hundredths, thousandths, etc.
十进小数 – 用一个带小数点的编号写出的分数,如 0.75。小数点后的数字分别表示十分位、百分位、千分位等。
Decimal place – The position of a digit after the decimal point. In 3.58, the digit 5 is in the first decimal place (tenths), and 8 is in the second decimal place (hundredths).
小数位 – 小数点后数字的位置。在 3.58 中,数字 5 在第一小数位(十分位),8 在第二小数位(百分位)。
Recurring decimal – A decimal with one digit or group of digits repeating forever. 0.333… or 0.3̅.
循环小数 – 一个数字或一组数字无限重复的小数。0.333… 或 0.3̅。
Percentage (%) – A fraction out of 100. 45% means 45 out of 100, or 0.45.
百分数(%) – 表示百分之几的分数。45% 表示一百分之四十五,即 0.45。
Converting fraction to decimal – Divide numerator by denominator. ¼ = 1 ÷ 4 = 0.25.
分数转小数 – 用分子除以分母。¼ = 1 ÷ 4 = 0.25。
Converting decimal to percentage – Multiply by 100 and add the % sign. 0.6 × 100 = 60%.
小数转百分数 – 乘以 100 加上百分号。0.6 × 100 = 60%。
6. Introduction to Algebra | 代数基础
Variable – A letter or symbol that stands for an unknown number. Common variables: x, y, n.
变量 – 表示未知数的字母或符号。常见变量:x, y, n。
Coefficient – The number multiplying a variable. In 5x, 5 is the coefficient.
系数 – 与变量相乘的数字。在 5x 中,5 是系数。
Term – A single number, variable or product of numbers and variables. Examples: 7, 3a, -2xy.
项 – 单个数字、变量或数字与变量的乘积。例如:7, 3a, -2xy。
Expression – A combination of terms with operations but no equals sign. Example: 4m + 3.
表达式 – 由项和运算符号组成但没有等号的式子。例如:4m + 3。
Equation – tical statement that two expressions are equal, using an equals sign. Example: 2x + 1 = 9.
方程 – 用等号表示两个表达式相等的数学语句。例如:2x + 1 = 9。
Substitution – Replacing a variable with a given number. If a = 3, then 2a + 5 = 2(3) + 5 = 11.
代入 – 用一个给定的数替换变量。若 a = 3,则 2a + 5 = 2(3) + 5 = 11。
Like terms – Terms that have exactly the same variable part. 3x and 7x are like terms; 3x and 7y are not.
同类项 – 变量部分完全相同的项。3x 和 7x 是同类项;3x 和 7y 不是。
Expand: a(b + c) = ab + ac
展开:a(b + c) = ab + ac
7. Coordinates and Graphs | 坐标与图形
Coordinate – A pair of numbers (x, y) that show a point's position on a grid. The x‑coordinate comes first.
坐标 – 一对数字 (x, y),表示点在网格上的位置。x 坐标在前。
x‑axis – The horizontal number line on a coordinate plane.
x 轴 – 坐标平面上的水平数轴。
y‑axis – The vertical number line on a coordinate plane.
y 轴 – 坐标平面上的垂直数轴。
Origin – The point where the x‑axis and y‑axis meet: (0, 0).
原点 – x 轴和 y 轴的交点:(0, 0)。
Quadrant – One of the four regions the coordinate plane is divided into. Quadrant I has both x and y positive.
象限 – 坐标平面被分成的四个区域之一。第一象限中 x 和 y 均为正。
Linear graph – A straight‑line graph. Its equation can be written in the form y = mx + c.
线性图 – 一条直线图。其方程可写成 y = mx + c 的形式。
Plot – To mark a point given by its coordinates. Plot (2,3) by moving 2 units right and 3 units up from the origin.
描点 – 根据坐标在图上标记一个点。描出 (2,3) 需要从原点向右移动 2 个单位、向上移动 3 个单位。
8. Angles and Shapes | 角度与几何形状
Angle – The amount of turn between two lines meeting at a point, measured in degrees (°).
角 – 两条线相交处所形成的旋转量,以度(°)为单位。
Acute angle – An angle less than 90°.
锐角 – 小于 90° 的角。
Right angle – An angle of exactly 90°, often marked with a square corner symbol.
直角 – 正好 90° 的角,常用直角符号标记。
Obtuse angle – An angle between 90° and 180°.
钝角 – 大于 90° 且小于 180° 的角。
Reflex angle – An angle between 180° and 360°.
优角(反角) – 大于 180° 且小于 360° 的角。
Straight line angle – An angle of 180°, forming a straight line.
平角 – 180° 的角,形成一条直线。
Equilateral triangle – A triangle with all three sides equal and all three angles 60°.
等边三角形 – 三条边相等且三个角均为 60° 的三角形。
Isosceles triangle – A triangle with two equal sides and two equal angles.
等腰三角形 – 有两条边相等、两个角相等的三角形。
Scalene triangle – A triangle with all sides and angles different.
不等边三角形 – 所有边和角都不相等的三角形。
Quadrilateral – A polygon with four sides. Examples: square, rectangle, parallelogram, trapezium.
四边形 – 有四条边的多边形。例如:正方形、矩形、平行四边形、梯形。
9. Measures and Units | 测量与单位
Perimeter – total distance around the edge of a shape. For a rectangle, Perimeter = 2(length + width).
周长 – 图形边缘的总长度。对于矩形,周长 = 2 × (长 + 宽)。
Area – The amount of surface a shape covers, measured in square units (cm², m²).
面积 – 图形覆盖的表面大小,以平方单位(cm², m²)计量。
Volume – The amount of space an object occupies, measured in cubic units (cm³, m³).
体积 – 物体占据的空间大小,以立方单位(cm³, m³)计量。
Metric unit conversions – Common prefixes: kilo‑ (1000), centi‑ (1⁄₁₀₀), milli‑ (1⁄₁₀₀₀).
公制单位换算 – 常见前缀:千(1000)、厘(1⁄₁₀₀)、毫(1⁄₁₀₀₀)。
| Length | Mass | Capacity |
|---|---|---|
| 1 km = 1000 m | 1 kg = 1000 g | 1 L = 1000 mL |
| 1 m = 100 cm | 1 tonne = 1000 kg | 1 cm³ = 1 mL |
| 1 cm = 10 mm |
Area of rectangle = length × width
矩形面积 = 长 × 宽
10. Data Handling and Statistics | 数据处理与统计
Data – Information collected in the form of numbers, words or observations. It can be categorical (colours) or numerical (heights).
数据 – 以数字、文字或观察结果形式收集的信息。可以是分类数据(如颜色)或数值数据(如身高)。
Mean – The average of a set of numbers, found by adding all values and dividing by the count.
平均数(均值) – 一组数据的平均值,计算方法为总和除以个数。
Median – The middle value when data is ordered. For an even number of values, it is the mean of the two middle numbers.
中位数 – 将数据排序后位于中间的值。当数据个数为偶数时,取中间两个数的均值。
Mode – The value that appears most often. A set can have one mode, more than one mode, or no mode.
众数 – 出现次数最多的数值。一组数据可以有一个众数、多个众数或无众数。
Range – The difference between the largest and smallest values. Range = maximum − minimum.
极差(范围) – 最大值与最小值的差。极差 = 最大值 − 最小值。
Frequency – How many times a value occurs. A frequency table lists values with their frequencies.
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