📚 Year 7 SQA Art: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Reference Guide | Year 7 SQA 艺术：词汇术语速记指南
Learning art vocabulary helps you talk about your own work and the work of others with confidence. Whether you are using paints, pencils, or digital tools, these key terms will deepen your understanding and improve your grades in SQA Year 7 Art and Design. This quick reference guide pairs each term with a clear English definition followed by a Chinese translation, making it easier to memorise and use the words in your annotations and class discussions.
学习艺术词汇有助于你自信地谈论自己的作品和他人的作品。无论你使用的是颜料、铅笔还是数字工具，这些关键术语都能加深你的理解，提升你在 SQA Year 7 艺术与设计课程中的成绩。本速记指南为每个术语提供清晰的英文定义，并附有中文翻译，便于你记忆和在标注与课堂讨论中灵活运用。
1. Colour Theory | 色彩理论
Hue: The pure name of a colour, like red, green, or violet. It is the colour at its full intensity, without the addition of black, white, or grey.
色相： 颜色的纯名称，如红色、绿色或紫色。它是全强度的颜色，未添加黑色、白色或灰色。
Tint: A hue mixed with white, making it lighter. For example, pink is a tint of red.
淡色： 色相与白色混合，使其变浅。例如，粉红色是红色的淡色。
Shade: A hue mixed with black, creating a darker version. Maroon is a shade of red.
暗色： 色相与黑色混合，产生更暗的版本。褐红色是红色的暗色。
Tone: A hue mixed with grey, reducing its intensity. It makes a colour less vibrant.
色调： 色相与灰色混合，降低其强度。它使颜色不那么鲜艳。
Primary colours: Red, yellow, and blue. These cannot be made by mixing other colours.
原色： 红色、黄色和蓝色。这些颜色无法通过混合其他颜色得到。
Secondary colours: Orange, green, and purple. They are made by mixing two primary colours equally.
间色： 橙色、绿色和紫色。它们由两种原色等量混合而成。
Tertiary colours: Colours made by mixing a primary and a secondary colour, such as red‑orange or yellow‑green.
复色： 由一种原色和一种间色混合而成的颜色，如红橙色或黄绿色。
Complementary colours: Colours opposite each other on the colour wheel, like red and green. They create strong contrast.
互补色： 色轮上相对的颜色，如红色和绿色。它们产生强烈对比。
Analogous colours: Colours next to each other on the colour wheel, such as blue, blue‑green, and green. They create harmony.
类似色： 色轮上相邻的颜色，如蓝色、蓝绿色和绿色。它们营造和谐感。
Warm colours: Reds, oranges, and yellows. They feel energetic and inviting.
暖色： 红色、橙色和黄色。它们充满活力和温暖。
Cool colours: Blues, greens, and purples. They feel calm and receding.
冷色： 蓝色、绿色和紫色。它们给人平静和后退的感觉。
2. Line and Shape | 线条与形状
Line: A mark made by a moving point. It can vary in width, direction, and length.
线条： 由移动的点形成的痕迹。其宽度、方向和长度可以变化。
Types of line: Straight, curved, zigzag, wavy, thick, thin, broken, and continuous lines are all used to create different effects.
线条类型： 直线、曲线、锯齿线、波浪线、粗线、细线、虚线和连续线，均可营造不同效果。
Contour line: A line that defines the outer edge of a shape or form, capturing its essential outline.
轮廓线： 界定形状或形体外部边缘的线条，捕捉其基本轮廓。
Hatching: Drawing closely spaced parallel lines to build up tone or texture.
排线： 绘制紧密间隔的平行线，以建立色调或纹理。
Cross‑hatching: Layering hatching lines at different angles to create darker shadows and richer texture.
交叉排线： 以不同角度叠加排线，营造更深的阴影和更丰富的纹理。
Shape: A flat, enclosed area created when a line meets itself. Shapes can be geometric or organic.
形状： 当线条自身闭合时形成的平面封闭区域。形状可以是几何的或有机的。
Geometric shapes: Precise shapes like circles, squares, and triangles. They are often found in manufactured objects.
几何形状： 精确的形状，如圆形、正方形和三角形。它们常见于人造物体中。
Organic shapes: Irregular, free‑flowing shapes found in nature, such as leaves, clouds, or puddles.
有机形状： 不规则的、自由流动的形状，常见于自然界，如树叶、云朵或水坑。
3. Texture and Pattern | 纹理与图案
Texture: The surface quality of an object – how it feels or appears to feel. It can be real or implied.
纹理： 物体表面的质感——实际触感或视觉上的触感。可以是真实的或视觉上的。
Real texture: The actual feel of a surface, e.g., rough tree bark or smooth marble.
真实纹理： 表面的实际触感，如粗糙的树皮或光滑的大理石。
Visual texture: The illusion of texture created on a flat surface using marks, lines, and shading.
视觉纹理： 在平面上通过笔触、线条和阴影创造出的质感错觉。
Pattern: A repeated decorative design. Patterns can be planned or randomly placed.
图案： 重复的装饰性设计。图案可以有计划地安排或随机放置。
Motif: A single element that is repeated in a pattern, like a star or a flower.
母题： 在图案中重复出现的单一元素，如星形或花朵。
Repetition: Using the same element multiple times to create rhythm and visual unity.
重复： 多次使用同一元素，以创造节奏和视觉统一感。
Random pattern: A design where elements appear with no predictable order, such as paint splashes.
随机图案： 元素没有可预测顺序的设计，如飞溅的颜料。
4. Space and Composition | 空间与构图
Space: The area around, between, or within objects. Artists use positive and negative space.
空间： 物体周围、之间或内部的区域。艺术家运用正空间和负空间。
Positive space: The main subject or objects in an artwork.
正空间： 艺术作品中的主要主体或物体。
Negative space: The background or empty area around the subject; it helps define boundaries.
负空间： 主体周围的背景或空白区域；有助于界定边界。
Foreground: The part of the picture plane closest
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