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German Grammar Formula Quick Reference Handbook | 德语语法公式速查手册

2026-07-17 01:48 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 German Grammar Formula Quick Reference Handbook | 德语语法公式速查手册

Welcome to your Year 7 SQA German grammar quick reference handbook. This guide presents the essential 'formulas' and rules that you will need to build accurate German sentences. Each section breaks down a fundamental grammar topic into clear tables, patterns and examples, with the key rule emphasised as a formula. Use these pages to revise, check your work and boost your confidence in German.

欢迎来到你的七年级 SQA 德语语法公式速查手册。这本指南为你呈现了构建正确德语句子所需的核心“公式”与规则。每个小节都将一个基本语法主题拆解为清晰的表格、模式和例句,并把核心规则作为公式突出显示。用这些页面来复习、检查作业并增强德语学习的信心吧。

1. Definite Articles (The) | 定冠词公式(der, die, das)

The definite article in German must match the gender of the noun. In Year 7, we concentrate on the nominative case used for the subject of a sentence.

德语的定冠词必须与名词的性保持一致。在七年级,我们集中学习用于句子主语的第一格(主格)。

Formula: der (masculine) + die (feminine) + das (neuter)

公式:der(阳性)+ die(阴性)+ das(中性)

GenderArticleExample
Masculine (m.)derder Tisch (the table)
Feminine (f.)diedie Lampe (the lamp)
Neuter (nt.)dasdas Buch (the book)
Plural (all genders)diedie Kinder (the children)

Note that the plural definite article is always 'die' regardless of gender.

注意,复数定冠词始终是 die,与名词的性无关。


2. Indefinite Articles (A/An) | 不定冠词公式(ein, eine)

Indefinite articles in German also depend on the noun's gender in the nominative case. There is no plural form for 'a/an'; plurals simply use no article.

不定冠词同样取决于名词在主格下的性。德语没有复数的“一个”,复数不带冠词。

Formula: ein (m./nt.) + eine (f.) + - (no article for plural)

公式:ein(阳/中)+ eine(阴)+ -(复数无冠词)

GenderArticleExample
Masculineeinein Hund (a dog)
Feminineeineeine Katze (a cat)
Neutereinein Haus (a house)

Remember to learn the gender of every new noun together with its definite article.

记住每次学习新名词时,要连同它的定冠词和词性一起记忆。


3. Personal Pronouns | 人称代词速查

Personal pronouns replace nouns and indicate who is performing the action. Mastering these is vital for verb conjugation.

人称代词替代名词,标明动作的执行者。掌握人称代词对动词变位至关重要。

Pronoun Set: ich, du, er/sie/es, wir, ihr, sie/Sie

人称代词组:ich, du, er/sie/es, wir, ihr, sie/Sie

PersonGermanEnglish
1st singularichI
2nd singular (informal)duyou
3rd singularer, sie, eshe, she, it
1st pluralwirwe
2nd plural (informal)ihryou (all)
3rd plural / formalsie / Siethey / you (formal)

'Sie' (formal you) is always written with a capital letter and uses the same verb form as plural 'sie'.

尊称“您”总是大写,使用复数第三人称的动词形式。


4. Regular Verb Conjugation (Present Tense) | 规则动词现在时变位公式

Most German verbs are regular. To conjugate them, take the infinitive stem (remove '-en') and add the following endings.

大多数德语动词是规则的。变位时取不定式的词干(去掉 -en)并加上以下词尾。

Formula: Stem + e, st, t, en, t, en

公式:词干 + e, st, t, en, t, en

PronounEndingspielen (to play)
ich-eich spiele
du-stdu spielst
er/sie/es-ter spielt
wir-enwir spielen
ihr-tihr spielt
sie/Sie-ensie spielen

Watch out for stems ending in -d, -t, -s, -z or -ss, which often add an '-e' before the -st and -t endings to make pronunciation easier (e.g. du arbeitest).

注意以 -d, -t, -s, -z 或 -ss 结尾的词干,经常要在 -st 和 -t 词尾前加上 -e 以便发音(例如 du arbeitest)。


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5. The Verbs 'haben' and 'sein' | 动词 haben 和 sein 变位

'haben' (to have) and 'sein' (to be) are irregular but extremely common. Learn their forms by heart.

haben(有)和 sein(是)是不规则动词,但极为常用。请牢记它们的变位形式。

Pronounhabensein
ichhabebin
duhastbist
er/sie/eshatist
wirhabensind
ihrhabtseid
sie/Siehabensind

Use 'haben' to express possession and 'sein' for descriptions and identities.

用 haben 表示所属关系,用 sein 进行描述和表示身份。


6. Modal Verbs (Basic Set) | 基础情态动词变位公式

Modal verbs change the meaning of a main verb (e.g. 'I can play'). In Year 7, focus on 'können' (can), 'müssen' (must) and 'wollen' (want to). Their singular forms often change the stem vowel.

情态动词改变主要动词的意思。七年级重点掌握 können(能够)、müssen(必须)和 wollen(想要)。它们的单数形式经常要改变词干元音。

Key pattern: ich/er/sie/es forms share the same stem (no ending for ich/er).

关键模式:ich 和 er/sie/es 形式共享相同词干(ich 和 er 无词尾)。

Pronounkönnenmüssenwollen
ichkannmusswill
dukannstmusstwillst
er/sie/eskannmusswill
wirkönnenmüssenwollen
ihrkönntmüsstwollt
sie/Siekönnenmüssenwollen

Remember: the modal verb takes the conjugated position and the main verb goes to the end of the sentence in the infinitive (e.g. Ich kann Gitarre spielen).

记住:情态动词占据变位位置,主要动词则以不定式形式移至句末(例如 Ich kann Gitarre spielen)。


7. Noun Plurals – Key Patterns | 名词复数关键模式速查

There are several ways to form the plural in German. While there is no single rule, recognising patterns helps enormously.

德语名词变复数有好几种方式。虽然没有一条万能规则,但识别出固定的模式能带来极大的帮助。

Common plural endings: -e, -er, -(e)n, -s and umlaut changes

常见复数词尾:-e, -er, -(e)n, -s 以及元音变音变化

PatternSingularPluralNote
add -eder Hunddie Hundeoften masculine/neuter
add -e + umlautdie Stadtdie Städtemany feminine nouns
add -er + umlautdas Buchdie Büchercommon for neuter
add -(e)ndie Lampedie Lampentypical feminine ending
add -sdas Autodie Autosmany loan words
no changeder Lehrerdie Lehrermasculine jobs in -er

Whenever you learn a noun, write down its plural form alongside the gender.

每次学习名词时,请同时记下它的复数形式和词性。


8. Sentence Structure – Main Clauses | 主句结构公式

In a simple German main clause (Hauptsatz), the conjugated verb must be the second idea. The subject often comes first, but time or place can also occupy position one.

在简单的德语主句中,变位动词必须作为第二个成分。主语常居首位,但时间或地点状语也可放在第一位。

Word order formula: Position 1 + Verb 2 + Subject (if not in 1) + other info

语序公式:第一位 + 动词第二位 + 主语(若不在第一位) + 其他信息

Published by TutorHao | Year 7 德语 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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