📚 Summer Prep and Bridging Course for Year 7 SQA Spanish | 七年级 SQA 西班牙语暑期预习与衔接课程
Are you about to start Year 7 Spanish following the SQA curriculum? This summer prep guide will give you a brilliant head start. You will discover everyday vocabulary, simple grammar that you will meet in class, and practical ways to build your confidence before the term even begins. Whether you are revising from primary introductions or learning Spanish for the first time, this bridging course uses clear explanations and linked English–Chinese notes to help you settle into Year 7 with a smile.
你即将开始遵循SQA课程大纲的七年级西班牙语学习吗?这份暑期预习指南将为你带来出色的领先优势。你将接触到日常词汇、课堂上会遇到的简单语法,以及在开学前就能建立自信的实用方法。无论你是在巩固小学阶段的入门内容,还是第一次接触西班牙语,这个衔接课程都会用清晰的讲解和中英对照的注释帮助你愉快地适应七年级的课堂。
1. Welcome to Spanish – Why It Is Fun to Learn | 欢迎走进西班牙语 —— 为什么学起来很有趣
Spanish is spoken by more than 500 million people across the world. It is the official language in over 20 countries, from Spain to Mexico, Argentina and even Equatorial Guinea. When you learn Spanish, you open a door to music, food, films and new friendships. In Year 7, you will start with words you can use straight away, like greetings, numbers and colours. Lessons will be active, often with songs, games and role‑plays. Do not worry if you make mistakes: every mistake is a step forward.
全世界有超过5亿人使用西班牙语。从西班牙到墨西哥、阿根廷,甚至赤道几内亚,超过20个国家将其作为官方语言。当你学习西班牙语时,你就打开了一扇通往音乐、美食、电影和新友谊的大门。在七年级,你会从能够马上使用的词汇开始,比如问候语、数字和颜色。课堂会很活跃,经常有歌曲、游戏和角色扮演。不必担心犯错:每一个错误都是向前迈进的一步。
2. Greetings and Simple Courtesies | 问候语与简单礼貌用语
The first thing you will learn is how to say hello and goodbye. Here are the essentials.
你最先会学到的就是如何打招呼和道别。下面是一些基本表达。
Hello – Hola (O‑la)
你好 – Hola (O‑la)
Good morning – Buenos días (BWE‑nos DEE‑as)
早上好 – Buenos días (BWE‑nos DEE‑as)
Good afternoon – Buenas tardes (BWE‑nas TAR‑des)
下午好 – Buenas tardes (BWE‑nas TAR‑des)
Good night / Good evening – Buenas noches (BWE‑nas NO‑ches)
晚上好 / 晚安 – Buenas noches (BWE‑nas NO‑ches)
Goodbye – Adiós (a‑DYOS)
再见 – Adiós (a‑DYOS)
See you later – Hasta luego (AS‑ta LWE‑go)
回头见 – Hasta luego (AS‑ta LWE‑go)
Please – Por favor (por fa‑BOR)
请 – Por favor (por fa‑BOR)
Thank you – Gracias (GRA‑syas)
谢谢 – Gracias (GRA‑syas)
You are welcome – De nada (de NA‑da)
不客气 – De nada (de NA‑da)
Notice that 'buenos días' uses the masculine 'buenos' because 'días' is masculine, while 'buenas tardes' and 'buenas noches' use the feminine 'buenas'. This is your first taste of noun gender – a key feature of Spanish. Practise these phrases aloud every morning during the summer to make them stick.
请注意,“buenos días”用了阳性形式“buenos”,因为“días”是阳性名词,而“buenas tardes”和“buenas noches”则用阴性“buenas”。这是你对名词性别的初次体验 —— 西班牙语的一大特色。暑假里每天早晨大声练习这些短语,让它们深深印在脑海中。
3. Introducing Yourself and Asking Questions | 自我介绍与提问
In your first Spanish lessons you will be asked to introduce yourself. You need to know how to say your name, ask someone else’s name and say how you are. The key verb here is 'llamarse' (to call oneself).
在你的第一节西班牙语课上,你就会被要求进行自我介绍。你需要知道如何说出自己的名字、询问别人的名字以及表达自己的感受。这里的关键动词是“llamarse”(名叫)。
Here is a mini dialogue you can learn by heart:
下面是一段你可以背下来的小对话:
A: ¡Hola! ¿Cómo te llamas? (Hello! What is your name?)
B: Me llamo Jamie. ¿Y tú? (My name is Jamie. And you?)
A: Me llamo Isla. ¿Qué tal? (My name is Isla. How are you?)
B: Bien, gracias. ¿Y tú? (Fine, thanks. And you?)
A: Muy bien. (Very well.)
A: ¡Hola! ¿Cómo te llamas?(你好!你叫什么名字?)
B: Me llamo Jamie. ¿Y tú?(我叫杰米。你呢?)
A: Me llamo Isla. ¿Qué tal?(我叫艾拉。你好吗?)
B: Bien, gracias. ¿Y tú?(很好,谢谢。你呢?)
A: Muy bien.(非常好。)
The upside‑down question mark (¿) is always placed at the beginning of a question in Spanish. It signals the rising intonation before you even start reading. Notice that 'Me llamo' literally means 'I call myself'. You do not need to change the verb for different people yet – just remember 'Me llamo' for yourself and '¿Cómo te llamas?' for the question form.
西班牙语中,倒问号(¿)总是用在问句的开头。它在你开始阅读之前就告诉你语调要上扬。注意“Me llamo”的字面意思是“我叫我自己”。暂时不需要为不同的人称变换动词 —— 只需记住“Me llamo”用来介绍自己,“¿Cómo te llamas?”用来提问。
4. Numbers 0–31 and Telling Your Age | 数字 0–31 与表达年龄
Numbers are everywhere in a beginner classroom: the date, your age, page numbers, prices. Start by mastering 0 to 15, then build up to 31 so you can say the date and your age with confidence.
在初级课堂里,数字无处不在:日期、年龄、页码、价格。先从掌握 0 到 15 开始,然后再扩展到 31,这样你就能自信地说出日期和自己的年龄。
| 0 cero (SE‑ro) | 1 uno (OO‑no) | 2 dos (dos) | 3 tres (tres) |
| 4 cuatro (KWA‑tro) | 5 cinco (SEEN‑ko) | 6 seis (SAYS) | 7 siete (SYE‑te) |
| 8 ocho (O‑cho) | 9 nueve (NWE‑be) | 10 diez (DYETH) | 11 once (ON‑the) |
| 12 doce (DO‑the) | 13 trece (TRE‑the) | 14 catorce (ka‑TOR‑the) | 15 quince (KEEN‑the) |
| 16 dieciséis | 17 diecisiete | 18 dieciocho | 19 diecinueve |
| 20 veinte (BAYN‑te) | 21 veintiuno | 22 veintidós | 30 treinta (TRAYN‑ta) |
| 31 treinta y uno | Pattern: after 30, use 'y' (and) to join tens and units. | ||
To say your age, use the verb 'tener' (to have) – literally 'I have twelve years'. For example: Tengo doce años. (I am twelve years old.) The question is: ¿Cuántos años tienes? (How old are you? – literally 'How many years do you have?').
要说年龄,用动词“tener”(有)—— 字面意思是“我有十二岁”。例如:Tengo doce años.(我十二岁。)提问是:¿Cuántos años tienes?(你几岁?—— 字面意思“你有多少岁?”)。
Summer challenge: count backwards from 31 to 0 every day, and try saying your age and your family members' ages in Spanish.
暑期挑战:每天从 31 倒数到 0,并尝试用西班牙语说出你自己和家人的年龄。
5. Days, Months and Your Birthday | 星期、月份和生日
You will often write the date in Spanish. Days of the week and months are not capitalised in Spanish unless they begin a sentence. Here they are.
你会经常需要用西班牙语写日期。星期和月份在西班牙语中通常不大写,除非在句首。下面是这些词汇。
Days of the week: lunes (Monday), martes (Tuesday), miércoles (Wednesday), jueves (Thursday), viernes (Friday), sábado (Saturday), domingo (Sunday). Notice that 'miércoles' and 'sábado' carry a written accent.
星期:lunes(星期一),martes(星期二),miércoles(星期三),jueves(星期四),viernes(星期五),sábado(星期六),domingo(星期日)。注意“miércoles”和“sábado”带有重音符号。
Months: enero (January), febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre. All are masculine, so you say 'en enero' (in January).
月份:enero(一月),febrero,marzo,abril,mayo,junio,julio,agosto,septiembre,octubre,noviembre,diciembre。所有月份都是阳性名词,因此说“en enero”(在一月)。
To ask the date: ¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy? Answer: Hoy es lunes, el cinco de septiembre. For a birthday: Mi cumpleaños es el veinte de abril.
询问日期:¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy? 回答:Hoy es lunes, el cinco de septiembre. 生日:Mi cumpleaños es el veinte de abril.(我的生日是四月二十日。)
6. Colours and Adjective Agreement | 颜色与形容词一致性
Colours are a great way to practise noun‑adjective agreement. In Spanish, most adjectives change their ending to match the gender and number of the noun they describe. Usually, masculine singular adjectives end in ‑o, feminine singular in ‑a, and plurals add ‑s.
颜色是练习名词与形容词一致性的绝佳方式。在西班牙语中,大多数形容词会改变词尾,以与它们所修饰名词的性和数保持一致。通常,阳性单数形容词以 ‑o 结尾,阴性单数以 ‑a 结尾,复数则加上 ‑s。
Key colours: rojo (red), azul (blue), verde (green), amarillo (yellow), negro (black), blanco (white), naranja (orange), rosa (pink), gris (grey), marrón (brown).
主要颜色:rojo(红色),azul(蓝色),verde(绿色),amarillo(黄色),negro(黑色),blanco(白色),naranja(橙色),rosa(粉色),gris(灰色),marrón(棕色)。
Un coche rojo – A red car (coche is masculine singular, so rojo ends in ‑o.)
Un coche rojo – 一辆红色汽车(coche 为阳性单数,因此 rojo 以 ‑o 结尾。)
Una casa blanca – A white house (casa is feminine, so blanca ends in ‑a.)
Una casa blanca – 一栋白色房子(casa 为阴性,因此 blanca 以 ‑a 结尾。)
Zapatos negros – Black shoes (masculine plural, add ‑s.)
Zapatos negros – 黑色鞋子(阳性复数,加 ‑s。)
Faldas verdes – Green skirts (feminine plural, add ‑s.)
Faldas verdes – 绿色裙子(阴性复数,加 ‑s。)
Colours like azul and verde stay the same in the singular but still add ‑es for plural: azules, verdes. Rosa and naranja are invariable in the singular but can take plural forms in careful writing.
像 azul 和 verde 这样的颜色在单数时保持不变,但复数要加 ‑es:azules, verdes。Rosa 和 naranja 在单数时几乎不变化,用于复数时在书面语中可加 ‑s。
7. Family Members and Possessive Adjectives | 家庭成员与物主形容词
Describing your family is a common early topic. Learn these nouns along with the possessive words 'mi' (my) and 'tu' (your).
描述家庭成员是早期常见的主题。学习这些名词以及物主词“mi”(我的)和“tu”(你的)。
madre / padre – mother / father (mamá / papá are also used)
madre / padre – 母亲 / 父亲(也使用 mamá / papá)
hermano / hermana – brother / sister
hermano / hermana – 兄弟 / 姐妹
abuelo / abuela – grandfather / grandmother
abuelo / abuela – 祖父 / 祖母
tío / tía – uncle / aunt
tío / tía – 叔叔 / 阿姨
primo / prima – cousin (male / female)
primo / prima – 表(堂)兄弟 / 姐妹
To say 'my brother', use mi hermano; for 'my sister', mi hermana. The possessive 'mi' does not change with gender. However, 'nuestro' (our) does: nuestro hermano, nuestra hermana.
要说“我的兄弟”,用mi hermano;要说“我的姐妹”,用mi hermana。物主词“mi”不随性别变化。但“nuestro”(我们的)会变化:nuestro hermano(我们的兄弟),nuestra hermana(我们的姐妹)。
You can also add personality adjectives: Mi hermana es simpática y inteligente. (My sister is kind and intelligent.) The adjective must still agree: simpática for feminine, inteligente stays the same.
你还可以加上性格形容词:Mi hermana es simpática y inteligente.(我姐姐既友善又聪明。)形容词仍需保持一致:simpática 为阴性,而 inteligente 不变。
8. Classroom Objects and Useful Phrases | 教室物品与常用语句
From the first day, you will need to understand instructions and ask for things. Here is a set of classroom words that appear in almost every Year 7 SQA Spanish lesson.
从第一天开始,你就需要听懂课堂指令并提出请求。下面是一组几乎在每节七年级 SQA 西班牙语课上都会出现的教室词汇。
un bolígrafo – a pen (un boli for short)
un bolígrafo – 一支笔(简称 un boli)
un lápiz – a pencil
un lápiz – 一支铅笔
un cuaderno – an exercise book
un cuaderno – 一个练习本
un libro – a book
un libro – 一本书
una mochila – a backpack
una mochila – 一个背包
una regla – a ruler
una regla – 一把尺子
una goma – an eraser
una goma – 一块橡皮
la pizarra – the whiteboard
la pizarra – 白板
Helpful requests: ¿Puedo ir al baño? (Can I go to the toilet?) ¿Puedo beber agua? (Can I drink water?) No entiendo. (I don't understand.) ¿Cómo se dice... en español? (How do you say... in Spanish?)
有用的请求:¿Puedo ir al baño?(我可以去厕所吗?) ¿Puedo beber agua?(我可以喝水吗?) No entiendo.(我不懂。) ¿Cómo se dice... en español?(……用西班牙语怎么说?)
Try labelling items in your study space at home with sticky notes displaying their Spanish names. This visual reminder works wonders over the summer.
试着用便利贴在家里的学习空间给物品贴上西班牙语名称。这种视觉提示在暑假期间效果极佳。
9. Three Key Verbs: ser, tener, llamarse | 三个核心动词:ser,tener,llamarse
These three verbs form the backbone of early Spanish. You do not need to memorise all conjugations yet, but knowing a few forms will help you understand simple sentences.
这三个动词构成了早期西班牙语的骨架。你暂时不需要记住所有变位,但了解几种形式将有助于你理解简单的句子。
Ser (to be – permanent characteristics, identity, time, origin):
yo soy – I am
yo soy – 我是
tú eres – you are (informal singular)
tú eres – 你是(非正式单数)
Example: Soy de Escocia. Eres inteligente. (I am from Scotland. You are intelligent.)
例如:Soy de Escocia. Eres inteligente.(我来自苏格兰。你很聪明。)
Tener (to have – possession, age, expressions):
yo tengo – I have
yo tengo – 我有
tú tienes – you have
tú tienes – 你有
Example: Tengo un libro azul. ¿Tienes un lápiz? (I have a blue book. Do you have a pencil?)
例如:Tengo un libro azul. ¿Tienes un lápiz?(我有一本蓝色的书。你有铅笔吗?)
Llamarse (to call oneself – used for names):
yo me llamo – my name is
yo me llamo – 我叫
tú te llamas – your name is
tú te llamas – 你叫
Although 'llamarse' is a reflexive verb, in Year 7 you will mainly be using the 'me llamo' and 'te llamas' forms. A little summer practice with these three verbs will make you much more comfortable in class.
虽然“llamarse”是一个反身动词,但在七年级你主要使用“me llamo”和“te llamas”这两种形式。暑期对这组动词稍加练习,会让你在课堂上自在很多。
10. Pronunciation Guide and Stress Rules | 发音指南与重音规则
Spanish pronunciation is wonderfully regular. Once you learn the sounds of the vowels and a few consonants, you can read almost any word aloud correctly, even if you have never seen it before.
西班牙语的发音非常规律。一旦你学会了元音和少数辅音的发音,你几乎能正确读出任何生词,哪怕以前从未见过。
Vowels are short and pure: a (ah as in father), e (eh as in bed), i (ee as in see), o (o as in lot), u (oo as in boot). They never glide into a second sound. Practise the five sounds until they feel automatic.
元音短促而纯净:a(类似“啊”),e(类似“诶”),i(类似“衣”),o(类似“哦”),u(类似“乌”)。它们绝不会滑向第二个音。反复练习这五个音,直到脱口而出。
Key consonant rules: 'h' is always silent (hola sounds like ola). 'll' is usually like the 'y' in yes (llamar sounds like yamar). 'ñ' is like 'ny' in canyon (español). 'j' is a strong 'h' sound (jamón). 'c' before 'e' or 'i' is like 'th' in thin in most of Spain, or 's' in Latin America (cero). 'z' follows the same rule (zapato).
重要辅音规则:“h”总是不发音(hola 读作 ola)。“ll”通常像英语 yes 中的 y(llamar 读作 yamar)。“ñ”像 canyon 中的 ny(español)。“j”发强烈的 h 音(jamón)。“c”在 e 或 i 前,在西班牙大部分地区发 thin 中的 th,而在拉丁美洲发 s(cero)。“z”同样如此(zapato)。
Stress rules: if a word ends in a vowel, 'n' or 's', the stress falls on the second‑to‑last syllable (ha‑BLA, CO‑men). Otherwise, it falls on the last syllable (co‑mer, re‑LOJ). A written accent mark breaks these rules and tells you exactly where to stress, e.g. lápiz, fácil, adiós. Practice by reading numbers and months aloud, noticing where the natural stress lands.
重音规则:如果一个单词以元音、n 或 s 结尾,重音落在倒数第二个音节(ha‑BLA,CO‑men)。否则落在最后一个音节(co‑mer,re‑LOJ)。重音符号会打破这些规则,并明确指出重音位置,例如lápiz、fácil、adiós。练习时大声朗读数字和月份,留意自然重音落在哪里。
11. Summer Study Toolkit – Little and Often | 暑期学习工具箱 —— 少量多次
You do not need hours of study to make fantastic progress. The best approach is 'little and often': 15 minutes a day can build a strong foundation. Here are some easy, fun methods you can use throughout the summer.
你不需要连续学习好几个小时也能取得惊人的进步。最好的方法是“少量多次”:每天15分钟就能打下坚实的基础。以下是一些你可以在整个暑假使用的简单有趣的方法。
Flashcards: Make a set of picture flashcards for classroom objects and colours. On one side, draw or stick an image; on the other, write the Spanish word. Test yourself both ways: from picture to word and word to picture.
抽认卡: 制作一套关于教室物品和颜色的图片抽认卡。一面画上或贴上图片,另一面写上西班牙语单词。双向测试自己:见图片说单词,见单词想图片。
Label your world: Use sticky notes to label furniture, doors and objects at home – 'la ventana' (window), 'la puerta' (door), 'el espejo' (mirror). Seeing the words every day makes them stick.
给世界贴标签: 用便利贴给家里的家具、门和物品贴上标签 —— “la ventana”(窗户)、“la puerta”(门)、“el espejo”(镜子)。每天看到这些词能让它们深深印入脑海。
Listen and sing: Search for Spanish children's songs about the alphabet, numbers and days of the week. Singing along trains your ear and your pronunciation at the same time.
听歌唱歌: 搜索关于字母、数字和星期的西班牙语儿歌。跟着唱既能训练听力,也能锻炼发音。
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Published by TutorHao | Year 7 西班牙语 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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