📚 Year 7 SQA Spanish: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | 七年级 SQA 西班牙语：暑期预习与衔接课程
Starting Year 7 Spanish is an exciting step into a new language and culture. This summer bridging course is designed to help you build a strong foundation before the school year begins. You will refresh essential vocabulary, master basic grammar, and practise common phrases that you will use every day in class. By the end of the summer, you will feel prepared, confident, and ready to take on the SQA language experience.
开始七年级西班牙语学习是迈向新语言与新文化的激动人心的一步。本暑期衔接课程旨在帮助你在学年开始前打下坚实基础。你将重温基本词汇、掌握基础语法，并练习课堂上每天都会用到的常用语句。暑期结束时，你会感到准备充分、充满信心，并准备好迎接 SQA 的语言学习体验。
1. Why Summer Preparation Matters | 暑期预习的重要性
Starting a new language in Year 7 can feel overwhelming without a little head start. Summer preparation gives you the chance to learn at your own pace, without the pressure of tests or homework. You can explore the sounds of Spanish, pick up basic greetings, and start recognising words from English that are similar in Spanish (cognates).
如果没有提前准备，七年级刚开始学习一门新语言可能会让人感到不知所措。暑期预习让你有机会按照自己的节奏学习，没有考试或作业的压力。你可以探索西班牙语的发音，学会基本问候语，并开始识别英语中与西班牙语相似的词汇（同源词）。
The SQA curriculum expects you to communicate in everyday situations from the very first term. Building a bank of key phrases and vocabulary over the summer means you can focus on speaking and listening in class rather than struggling to remember words. It also boosts your confidence when your teacher asks you a question in Spanish for the first time.
SQA 课程要求你从第一学期起就能在日常情境中进行交流。在暑期积累一批关键短语和词汇，意味着你可以在课堂上专注于口语和听力，而不是费力记词。当老师第一次用西班牙语向你提问时，这也会大大增强你的自信。
Finally, reviewing what you may have learned in primary school — such as colours, numbers, and family members — helps to bridge the gap between primary and secondary language learning. You will build on that knowledge and add new topics like school subjects, hobbies, and food.
最后，复习你在小学可能学过的内容——如颜色、数字和家庭成员——有助于衔接小学与中学的语言学习。你将在这些知识的基础上，增加学校科目、爱好和食物等新主题。
2. Getting Started: Greetings and Introductions | 入门：问候与自我介绍
Every conversation in Spanish begins with a greeting. The most basic and essential phrases are '¡Hola!' (Hello), 'Buenos días' (Good morning), 'Buenas tardes' (Good afternoon), and 'Buenas noches' (Good evening / night). You can practise these with family members or even with a mirror during the summer.
西班牙语的每一次对话都从问候开始。最基本也是最重要的短语有“¡Hola!”（你好）、“Buenos días”（早上好）、“Buenas tardes”（下午好）和“Buenas noches”（晚上好/晚安）。你可以在暑假期间和家人一起练习，甚至对着镜子练习。
To introduce yourself, say 'Me llamo [your name]' (My name is ...) or 'Soy [your name]' (I am ...). You can also ask someone their name: '¿Cómo te llamas?' (What is your name?). A simple reply is 'Me llamo Ana' or 'Soy Juan'. It is also polite to ask how someone is feeling.
介绍自己时，可以说“Me llamo [你的名字]”（我叫……）或“Soy [你的名字]”（我是……）。你也可以问别人的名字：“¿Cómo te llamas?”（你叫什么名字？）。简单回答可以是“Me llamo Ana”或“Soy Juan”。询问对方近况也是一种礼貌。
Common questions and answers include: '¿Qué tal?' (How are you?) and '¿Cómo estás?' (How are you?). You can reply with 'Bien, gracias' (Fine, thanks), 'Muy bien' (Very well), 'Regular' (So-so), or 'Mal' (Bad). Listen carefully to the accents and try to imitate the correct pronunciation.
常见的问答包括：“¿Qué tal?”（你好吗？）和“¿Cómo estás?”（你怎么样？）。你可以回答“Bien, gracias”（很好，谢谢）、“Muy bien”（非常好）、“Regular”（一般般）或“Mal”（不好）。仔细听重音，并试着模仿正确的发音。
| Spanish | English | 中文 |
| ¡Hola! | Hello | 你好 |
| Buenos días | Good morning | 早上好 |
| Buenas tardes | Good afternoon | 下午好 |
| Me llamo ... | My name is ... | 我叫…… |
| ¿Cómo te llamas? | What's your name? | 你叫什么名字？ |
3. Numbers and Counting | 数字与计数
Numbers are essential for telling time, giving your age, and talking about dates. Start by learning numbers 0–15: cero (0), uno (1), dos (2), tres (3), cuatro (4), cinco (5), seis (6), siete (7), ocho (8), nueve (9), diez (10), once (11), doce (12), trece (13), catorce (14), quince (15).
数字对于报时、说年龄和谈论日期至关重要。首先学习数字 0–15：cero (0)、uno (1)、dos (2)、tres (3)、cuatro (4)、cinco (5)、seis (6)、siete (7)、ocho (8)、nueve (9)、diez (10)、once (11)、doce (12)、trece (13)、catorce (14)、quince (15)。
Once you are comfortable, extend to 20, 30, and beyond. The pattern becomes regular after 15: dieciséis (16), diecisiete (17), dieciocho (18), diecinueve (19), veinte (20). Then learn veintiuno (21), veintidós (22), and so on up to 30 (treinta). This will help you ask and say prices, phone numbers, and your age: 'Tengo doce años' (I am 12 years old).
熟练后，可以拓展到 20、30 及更大。15 之后的模式是有规律的：dieciséis (16)、diecisiete (17)、dieciocho (18)、diecinueve (19)、veinte (20)。然后学习 veintiuno (21)、veintidós (22)，一直到 30 (treinta)。这将帮助你询问和报出价格、电话号码和年龄：“Tengo doce años”（我 12 岁）。
Practise counting objects around the house during the summer. Count books (libros), pencils (lápices), or family members. Writing numbers in both word and digit form will strengthen your memory.
暑假期间，练习数家里周围的物品。数书本 (libros)、铅笔 (lápices) 或家庭成员。同时用文字和数字形式写数字，会增强你的记忆力。
4. Days, Months, and Dates | 星期、月份与日期
Knowing the days of the week and months of the year allows you to talk about your timetable and special days. The days in Spanish are: lunes (Monday), martes (Tuesday), miércoles (Wednesday), jueves (Thursday), viernes (Friday), sábado (Saturday), domingo (Sunday). Notice they are not capitalised in Spanish unless they start a sentence.
知道星期和月份，可以让你谈论课程表和特殊日子。西班牙语中的星期是：lunes（星期一）、martes（星期二）、miércoles（星期三）、jueves（星期四）、viernes（星期五）、sábado（星期六）、domingo（星期日）。注意，除非在句首，否则它们在西班牙语中不大写。
Months are also lowercase: enero (January), febrero (February), marzo (March), abril (April), mayo (May), junio (June), julio (July), agosto (August), septiembre (September), octubre (October), noviembre (November), diciembre (December). To ask for the date, say '¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?' The answer uses the structure: 'Es el [number] de [month].' For example, 'Es el cinco de mayo.'
月份同样小写：enero（一月）、febrero（二月）、marzo（三月）、abril（四月）、mayo（五月）、junio（六月）、julio（七月）、agosto（八月）、septiembre（九月）、octubre（十月）、noviembre（十一月）、diciembre（十二月）。询问日期时说：“¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?” 回答使用结构：“Es el [数字] de [月份]。”例如，“Es el cinco de mayo.”（今天是五月五日）。
Combine numbers and months to say your birthday: 'Mi cumpleaños es el ... de ...' This topic will be used frequently in Year 7 when you fill in forms or talk about events.
把数字和月份组合起来说你的生日：“Mi cumpleaños es el ... de ...”（我的生日是……月……日）。在七年级，当你填写表格或谈论事件时，会经常用到这个话题。
5. Colours and Descriptions | 颜色与描述
Colours bring language to life. The basic colours are: rojo (red), azul (blue), amarillo (yellow), verde (green), naranja (orange), morado/violeta (purple), rosa (pink), blanco (white), negro (black), gris (grey), marrón/café (brown).
颜色让语言变得生动。基本颜色有：rojo（红色）、azul（蓝色）、amarillo（黄色）、verde（绿色）、naranja（橙色）、morado/violeta（紫色）、rosa（粉色）、blanco（白色）、negro（黑色）、gris（灰色）、marrón/café（棕色）。
In Spanish, colours often change to agree with the noun they describe. For most colours ending in -o, use -o for masculine nouns and -a for feminine nouns: 'un coche rojo' (a red car, masculine) and 'una casa roja' (a red house, feminine). Colours ending in -e or a consonant usually stay the same: 'un libro verde' and 'una mesa verde'.
在西班牙语中，颜色通常要与它们所描述的名词保持性数一致。对于大多数以 -o 结尾的颜色，阳性名词用 -o，阴性名词用 -a：“un coche rojo”（一辆红色汽车，阳性）和“una casa roja”（一座红色房子，阴性）。以 -e 或辅音结尾的颜色通常不变：“un libro verde”和“una mesa verde”。
Practise describing objects around you: 'Mi mochila es azul' (My backpack is blue) or 'Tengo un lápiz amarillo' (I have a yellow pencil). This prepares you for describing people and clothes later in the course.
练习描述你周围的物品：“Mi mochila es azul”（我的书包是蓝色的）或“Tengo un lápiz amarillo”（我有一支黄色的铅笔）。这将为你以后在课程中描述人物和衣服做好准备。
6. Family and Pets | 家庭与宠物
Talking about family is a core topic in Year 7 SQA Spanish. Key words include: madre/mamá (mother/mum), padre/papá (father/dad), hermano (brother), hermana (sister), abuelo (grandfather), abuela (grandmother), tío (uncle), tía (aunt), primo (male cousin), prima (female cousin). Pets are also common: un perro (a dog), un gato (a cat), un pez (a fish), un conejo (a rabbit).
谈论家庭是七年级 SQA 西班牙语的核心话题。关键词包括：madre/mamá（母亲/妈妈）、padre/papá（父亲/爸爸）、hermano（兄弟）、hermana（姐妹）、abuelo（爷爷/外公）、abuela（奶奶/外婆）、tío（叔叔/舅舅）、tía（阿姨/舅妈）、primo（堂/表兄弟）、prima（堂/表姐妹）。宠物也很常见：un perro（一只狗）、un gato（一只猫）、un pez（一条鱼）、un conejo（一只兔子）。
You will learn to say how many brothers and sisters you have: 'Tengo dos hermanos' (I have two brothers) or 'No tengo hermanos' (I don't have any siblings). To describe your family members, you can use adjectives like 'mayor' (older) and 'menor' (younger). For example, 'Mi hermana es menor' (My sister is younger).
你将学会说自己有多少兄弟姐妹：“Tengo dos hermanos”（我有两个兄弟）或“No tengo hermanos”（我没有兄弟姐妹）。要描述家庭成员，可以使用“mayor”（年长的）和“menor”（年幼的）等形容词。例如，“Mi hermana es menor”（我妹妹比我小）。
Create a simple family tree in Spanish over the summer. Label each person with their relationship to you and add their names and ages. This visual tool helps you remember both vocabulary and sentence structures.
在暑期制作一份简单的西班牙语家谱。标注每个人与你的关系，并加上他们的姓名和年龄。这个可视化工具有助于你记住词汇和句子结构。
7. Food and Drink | 食物与饮料
Food is a topic that everyone enjoys. Start with common words for meals and items: el desayuno (breakfast), el almuerzo/la comida (lunch), la cena (dinner). Learn fruits (las frutas) like la manzana (apple), el plátano (banana), la naranja (orange); vegetables (las verduras) like la zanahoria (carrot), el tomate (tomato). Drinks include el agua (water), el zumo (juice), la leche (milk).
食物是每个人都喜欢的话题。从餐食和物品的常用词开始：el desayuno（早餐）、el almuerzo/la comida（午餐）、la cena（晚餐）。学习水果 (las frutas) 如 la manzana（苹果）、el plátano（香蕉）、la naranja（橙子）；蔬菜 (las verduras) 如 la zanahoria（胡萝卜）、el tomate（番茄）。饮料包括 el agua（水）、el zumo（果汁）、la leche（牛奶）。
To express likes and dislikes, use 'me gusta' (I like) and 'no me gusta' (I don't like) followed by the singular noun or verb. For plural items, use 'me gustan' and 'no me gustan'. For example, 'Me gusta el chocolate' but 'Me gustan las fresas'.
表达喜欢和不喜欢，用“me gusta”（我喜欢）和“no me gusta”（我不喜欢），后面接单数名词或动词。对于复数物品，用“me gustan”和“no me gustan”。例如，“Me gusta el chocolate”（我喜欢巧克力），但“Me gustan las fresas”（我喜欢草莓）。
You can also learn to order food in a simple way, which is useful for role-plays: 'Quiero un bocadillo, por favor' (I want a sandwich, please) and '¿Cuánto cuesta?' (How much does it cost?).
你还可以学习简单的点餐用语，这对角色扮演很有用：“Quiero un bocadillo, por favor”（我想要一个三明治，劳驾）和“¿Cuánto cuesta?”（这个多少钱？）。
8. School Life | 学校生活
Year 7 brings new school routines, and being able to talk about your school day in Spanish is a key SQA requirement. Learn the subjects: las matemáticas (maths), el inglés (English), las ciencias (science), la historia (history), la geografía (geography), la educación física (PE), el arte (art), la música (music).
七年级带来了新的学校日常，能够用西班牙语谈论学校生活是 SQA 的一项重要要求。学习科目：las matemáticas（数学）、el inglés（英语）、las ciencias（科学）、la historia（历史）、la geografía（地理）、la educación física（体育）、el arte（艺术）、la música（音乐）。
You can express opinions about subjects using 'me gusta' or 'no me gusta', and add adjectives: 'Es interesante' (It's interesting), 'Es divertido/a' (It's fun), 'Es aburrido/a' (It's boring), 'Es difícil' (It's difficult). Remember the adjective agrees with the subject: 'Las matemáticas son difíciles' vs 'El inglés es fácil'.
你可以用“me gusta”或“no me gusta”表达对科目的看法，并加上形容词：“Es interesante”（它很有趣）、“Es divertido/a”（它很好玩）、“Es aburrido/a”（它很枯燥）、“Es difícil”（它很难）。记住形容词要与主语一致：“Las matemáticas son difíciles”（数学很难）对比“El inglés es fácil”（英语很容易）。
Also learn to describe your timetable: 'El lunes tengo matemáticas y ciencias' (On Monday I have maths and science). Ask your partner '¿Qué tienes el martes?' (What do you have on Tuesday?). Practising this over the summer using your real September timetable is a great preparation.
还要学会描述你的课程表：“El lunes tengo matemáticas y ciencias”（星期一我有数学和科学）。问你的伙伴“¿Qué tienes el martes?”（你星期二有什么课？）。暑期用你九月份的真实课程表练习这个，是一个很好的准备。
9. Hobbies and Free Time | 爱好与课余时间
Conversations about what you do in your spare time are a favourite in language classes. Key verbs: escuchar música (listen to music), ver la televisión (watch TV), jugar al fútbol (play football), jugar a los videojuegos (play videogames), leer (read), bailar (dance), dibujar (draw), nadar (swim).
谈论课余时间做的事情是语言课上最受欢迎的话题。关键动词：escuchar música（听音乐）、ver la televisión（看电视）、jugar al fútbol（踢足球）、jugar a los videojuegos（打电子游戏）、leer（阅读）、bailar（跳舞）、dibujar（画画）、nadar（游泳）。
Use 'me gusta' with the infinitive to express what you like doing: 'Me gusta nadar' (I like swimming). To say what you do regularly, use the present tense: 'Escucho música todos los días' (I listen to music every day) or 'Juego al fútbol los sábados' (I play football on Saturdays).
用“me gusta”加动词不定式来表达你喜欢做什么：“Me gusta nadar”（我喜欢游泳）。要表达经常做的事，用现在时：“Escucho música todos los días”（我每天都听音乐）或“Juego al fútbol los sábados”（我星期六踢足球）。
Learn frequency words to add detail: siempre (always), a veces (sometimes), nunca (never). For example, 'Nunca veo la televisión' (I never watch TV). These will help you write longer, more interesting sentences in Year 7 assessments.
学习频度词来增加细节：siempre（总是）、a veces（有时）、nunca（从不）。例如，“Nunca veo la televisión”（我从不看电视）。这些将帮助你在七年级的评估中写出更长、更有趣的句子。
10. Simple Grammar: Nouns and Articles | 简单语法：名词与冠词
Understanding nouns and their articles is the foundation of Spanish grammar. Every noun has a gender: masculine or feminine. Masculine nouns often end in -o (el libro, the book) and feminine nouns often end in -a (la casa, the house). There are exceptions, like 'el día' (the day) and 'la mano' (the hand), but for Year 7 the -o/-a rule is a reliable start.
理解名词及其冠词是西班牙语语法的基础。每个名词都有性别：阳性或阴性。阳性名词常以 -o 结尾 (el libro, 书)，阴性名词常以 -a 结尾 (la casa, 房子)。也有例外，如“el día”（日子）和“la mano”（手），但对于七年级来说，-o/-a 规则是一个可靠的起点。
The definite articles are 'el' (masculine singular), 'la' (feminine singular), 'los' (masculine plural), and 'las' (feminine plural). Plurals are formed by adding -s or -es: los libros, las casas. The indefinite articles are 'un' (a, masculine), 'una' (a, feminine), 'unos' (some, masculine), 'unas' (some, feminine).
定冠词有“el”（阳性单数）、“la”（阴性单数）、“los”（阳性复数）和“las”（阴性复数）。复数形式通过加 -s 或 -es 构成：los libros, las casas。不定冠词有“un”（一个，阳性）、“una”（一个，阴性）、“unos”（一些，阳性）、“unas”（一些，阴性）。
Spend time matching nouns with their correct articles. Write lists: el amigo (the male friend), la amiga (the female friend), unos amigos (some friends). This grammar point will be tested early in SQA tasks, often through gap-fill or short writing exercises.
花时间将名词与正确的冠词配对。写列表：el amigo（男性朋友）、la amiga（女性朋友）、unos amigos（一些朋友）。这个语法点将在 SQA 任务中较早进行测试，通常通过填空或简短写作练习来考察。
11. Verbs: The Present Tense of 'Ser' and 'Tener' | 动词：Ser 和 Tener 的现在时
Two of the most important verbs in Spanish are 'ser' (to be) and 'tener' (to have). You will use them to describe yourself and others, and to talk about age and possessions. Learn their conjugations in the present tense.
西班牙语中最重要的是两个动词是“ser”（是）和“tener”（有）。你将用它们来描述自己和他人，并谈论年龄和所有物。学习它们的现在时变位。
| Ser | Tener | English | 中文 |
| yo soy | yo tengo | I am / I have | 我是 / 我有 |
| tú eres | tú tienes | you are / you have (informal) | 你是 / 你有 |
| él/ella/usted es | él/ella/usted tiene | he/she/you (formal) is / has | 他/她/您是 / 有 |
| nosotros/as somos | nosotros/as tenemos | we are / we have | 我们是 / 我们有 |
| vosotros/as sois | vosotros/as tenéis | you all are / have (informal) | 你们是 / 有 |
| ellos/ellas/ustedes son | ellos/ellas/ustedes tienen | they/you all are / have | 他们/她们/诸位是 / 有 |
Use 'ser' for permanent characteristics: 'Soy alto/a' (I am tall), 'Eres inteligente' (You are intelligent). Use 'tener' for age and possessions: 'Tengo doce años' (I am 12 years old), '¿Tienes un hermano?' (Do you have a brother?). The phrase 'tener que + infinitive' also means 'to have to do something', which is useful later.
用“ser”表示永久特征：“Soy alto/a”（我很高），“Eres inteligente”（你很聪明）。用“tener”表示年龄和所有物：“Tengo doce años”（我 12 岁），“¿Tienes un hermano?”（你有一个兄弟吗？）。“tener que + 不定式”这个短语也表示“必须做某事”，这在以后很有用。
Create flashcards with each form and practise making sentences about your family and friends. This will build a strong grammatical foundation for all your future Spanish learning.
制作带有每个变位形式的闪卡，并练习造关于你家人和朋友的句子。这将为你今后的西班牙语学习打下坚实的语法基础。
12. Useful Phrases for the Classroom | 课堂常用语
Knowing how to interact in the classroom is essential from week one. Learn to ask for help and clarification: 'No entiendo' (I don't understand), '¿Puede repetir, por favor?' (Can you repeat, please?), '¿Cómo se dice ... en español?' (How do you say ... in Spanish?), '¿Qué significa ...?' (What does ... mean?).
从第一周起，懂得如何在课堂上互动就至关重要。学习请求帮助和澄清的用语：“No entiendo”（我不明白）、“¿Puede repetir, por favor?”（请您重复一遍？）、“¿Cómo se dice ... en español?”（……用西班牙语怎么说？）、“¿Qué significa ...?”（……是什么意思？）。
Classroom objects are also important: un bolígrafo (a pen), un lápiz (a pencil), un cuaderno (a notebook), una goma (an eraser), una mochila (a backpack), la pizarra (the board), el profesor / la profesora (teacher). Commands you will hear often include 'Escuchad' (Listen, plural), 'Abrid el libro' (Open the book), 'Escribid' (Write), 'Levantad la mano' (Raise your hand).
教室里的物品也很重要：un bolígrafo（一支圆珠笔）、un lápiz（一支铅笔）、un cuaderno（一个笔记本）、una goma（一块橡皮）、una mochila（一个书包）、la pizarra（黑板）、el profesor / la profesora（老师）。你会经常听到的指令包括“Escuchad”（听，复数）、“Abrid el libro”（打开书）、“Escribid”（写）、“Levantad la mano”（举手）。
Practise these phrases aloud so they become automatic. You can even label objects around your study area with their Spanish names. This will reduce anxiety and help you feel ready to participate actively from the very first lesson.
大声练习这些短语，让它们成为自然反应。你甚至可以用西班牙语名称标记学习区域周围的物品。这将减少焦虑，帮助你在第一堂课就做好积极参与的准备。
Published by TutorHao | Spanish Revision Series | aleveler.com
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