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Year 7 SQA French: Key Rules Quick Reference Handbook | SQA 七年级法语:关键规则速查手册

2026-07-17 01:39 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 Year 7 SQA French: Key Rules Quick Reference Handbook | SQA 七年级法语:关键规则速查手册

Welcome to your Year 7 SQA French quick reference! This handbook brings together the essential grammar rules and high-frequency structures you will meet in the first year of learning French. Think of it as your 'formula sheet' for building sentences – once you know these patterns, you can start communicating confidently on topics like family, school, hobbies and daily routine.

欢迎使用你的 SQA 七年级法语速查手册!这本手册汇集了你在法语学习第一年会遇到的核心语法规则和高频句型。把它当作你造句的“公式表”——一旦你掌握了这些模式,你就能自信地围绕家庭、学校、爱好和日常生活等主题进行交流。

1. Subject Pronouns | 人称代词

Subject pronouns tell you who is doing the action. You must learn these before you can use any verb.

人称代词告诉你动作是谁做的。在学习任何动词之前,你必须先掌握这些代词。

FrenchEnglish中文
jeI我
tuyou (singular, informal)你
ilhe / it (masculine)他 / 它 (阳)
elleshe / it (feminine)她 / 它 (阴)
onone / we (informal)人们 / 我们 (非正式)
nouswe我们
vousyou (plural or formal)你们 / 您
ilsthey (masculine or mixed)他们 (阳或混合)
ellesthey (feminine only)她们 (阴)

The pronoun 'on' is very common in spoken French and often replaces 'nous'. It always takes the same verb form as 'il'/'elle'.

代词 'on' 在法语口语中非常常见,经常代替 'nous'。它总是使用与 'il'/'elle' 相同的动词形式。


2. The Verb Être (to be) | 动词 Être (是)

Être is the most important irregular verb. You must memorise it completely.

Être 是最重要的不规则动词,你必须完全记住它。

PronounÊtreEnglish
jesuisI am
tuesyou are (sing.)
il/elle/onesthe/she/one is
noussommeswe are
vousêtesyou are (pl./formal)
ils/ellessontthey are

Use être to describe people, feelings and jobs: 'Je suis content.' (I am happy.) 'Elle est professeur.' (She is a teacher.)

用 être 描述人物、感受和职业:'Je suis content.' (我很开心。) 'Elle est professeur.' (她是老师。)


3. The Verb Avoir (to have) | 动词 Avoir (有)

Avoir is equally essential, and it is used in many expressions where English uses 'to be'.

Avoir 同样重要,它用在许多英语用 'to be' 的表达中。

PronounAvoirEnglish
j'aiI have
tuasyou have (sing.)
il/elle/onahe/she/one has
nousavonswe have
vousavezyou have (pl./formal)
ils/ellesontthey have

Key expressions: 'J'ai douze ans.' (I am twelve, literally 'I have twelve years'); 'Tu as faim?' (Are you hungry?); 'Il a soif.' (He is thirsty).

关键表达:'J'ai douze ans.' (我十二岁,字面意思“我有十二年”);'Tu as faim?' (你饿了吗?);'Il a soif.' (他渴了。)


4. Regular -ER Verbs Present Tense | 规则 -ER 动词现在时

About 80% of French verbs end in -er. Once you learn the pattern, you can conjugate hundreds of verbs.

大约 80% 的法语动词以 -er 结尾。一旦你掌握了变化规则,你就可以变位数百个动词。

stem (infinitive without -er) and add these endings. Example: aimer (to love), stem = aim-

取词干(去掉 -er 的不定式)并加上以下词尾。例如:aimer (爱),词干 = aim-

PronounEndingaimerEnglish
je-ej'aimeI love
tu-estu aimesyou love
il/elle/on-eil aimehe loves
nous-onsnous aimonswe love
vous-ezvous aimezyou love
ils/elles-entils aimentthey love

Common -ER verbs: parler (to speak), habiter (to live), regarder (to watch), jouer (to play), manger (to eat). Note: with 'manger', the nous form adds an -e: nous mangeons.

常见 -ER 动词:parler (说), habiter (住), regarder (看), jouer (玩), manger (吃)。注意:'manger' 的 nous 形式要加 -e:nous mangeons。


5. Some Common -IR and -RE Verbs | 常见 -IR 和 -RE 动词

Not all verbs follow the -ER pattern. These high-frequency verbs are worth learning early.

并非所有动词都遵循 -ER 规则。以下高频动词值得尽早学习。


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6. Articles: Definite, Indefinite, Partitive | 冠词:定冠词、不定冠词、部分冠词

Articles must agree in gender and number with the noun. French uses articles much more often than English.

冠词必须在性和数上与名词保持一致。法语使用冠词比英语频繁得多。

TypeMasculineFemininePlural (both genders)
Definite (the)le / l'la / l'les
Indefinite (a, an, some)ununedes
Partitive (some, any)du / de l'de la / de l'des

The partitive article is used for uncountable things: 'Je voudrais du pain.' (I would like some bread.) After a negative, partitives and indefinites become 'de': 'Je n'ai pas de frères.' (I have no brothers.)

部分冠词用于不可数的事物:'Je voudrais du pain.' (我想要一些面包。) 在否定之后,部分冠词和不定冠词变为 'de':'Je n'ai pas de frères.' (我没有兄弟。)


7. Adjective Agreement | 形容词配合

Most French adjectives change their form to match the gender and number of the noun they describe.

大多数法语形容词会根据它们所修饰的名词的性和数改变形式。


8. Possessive Adjectives | 主有形容词

These words show ownership and must agree with the noun, not the owner. Choose based on the gender of the thing owned.

这些词表示所属关系,必须与名词配合,而不是与物主配合。根据被拥有物品的性别来选择。

EnglishMasculine nounFeminine nounPlural noun
mymonmames
your (sing.)tontates
his/her/itssonsases
ournotrenotrenos
your (pl.)votrevotrevos
theirleurleurleurs

Before a vowel or mute 'h', use mon/ton/son even with feminine nouns: 'mon amie' (my friend, female).

在元音或哑音 'h' 前,即使是阴性名词也用 mon/ton/son:'mon amie' (我的女性朋友)。


9. Negation: ne ... pas | 否定式:ne ... pas

To make a sentence negative, place 'ne' (or n') before the verb and 'pas' after the conjugated verb.

要把句子变成否定,在动词前放 'ne' (或 n') 并在变位动词后放 'pas'。


10. Forming Questions | 构成疑问句

There are three main ways to ask a question in French, from informal to formal.

法语中有三种主要提问方式,从非正式到正式不等。

Question words: où (where), quand (when), pourquoi (why), comment (how), qui (who), que/qu'est-ce que (what).

疑问词:où (哪里), quand (何时), pourquoi (为什么), comment (怎样), qui (谁), que/qu'est-ce que (什么)。


11. Prepositions of Place | 地点介词

These small words tell you where something is. They are often followed by 'de' when combined with a noun phrase.

这些小词告诉你某物在哪里。它们与名词短语连用时常常后接 'de'。


12. Telling Time and Numbers 1-60 | 时间和数字 1-60

You need numbers for time, age, and dates. Master 1-60 and the key phrases for telling time.

时间、年龄和日期都需要数字。掌握 1-60 以及报时的关键表达。

Numbers 1-20: un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt.

数字 1-20:un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt。

t et un, 31 = trente et un, but 22 = vingt-deux, 41 = quarante et un, 52 = cinquante-deux.

整十:30 trente, 40 quarante, 50 cinquante, 60 soixante。组合:21 = vingt et un, 31 = trente et un,但 22 = vingt-deux,41 = quarante et un,52 = cinquante-deux。

Time phrases: 'Quelle heure est-il?' (What time is it?) 'Il est ... heures.' For 'one o'clock' use singular: 'Il est une heure.'

时间表达:'Quelle heure est-il?' (几点了?) 'Il est ... heures.' 一点钟用单数:'Il est une heure.'

Key time expressions: et quart (quarter past), et demie (half past – only for 'douze heures et demie'), moins le quart (quarter to).

关键时间短语:et quart (过一刻), et demie (过半 – 仅用于 'douze heures et demie'), moins le quart (差一刻)。


Published by TutorHao | French Revision Series | aleveler.com

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