📚 Case Study in Action: Building a Rock-Paper-Scissors Game | 案例分析实战演练：构建石头剪刀布游戏
In this article, we will work through a practical case study: developing a simple Rock-Paper-Scissors game. You will apply core computational thinking skills—decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm design—to solve this programming challenge step by step. This hands-on exercise is designed for Year 7 students following the SQA Computing Science curriculum, helping you strengthen your problem-solving abilities and prepare for future coding projects.
在本文中，我们将完成一个实际案例研究：开发一个简单的石头剪刀布游戏。你将运用核心的计算思维技能——分解、模式识别、抽象和算法设计——逐步解决这一编程挑战。这个动手练习专为学习 SQA 计算科学课程的七年级学生设计，帮助你增强问题解决能力，为未来的编程项目做好准备。
1. Understanding the Problem | 理解问题
The game of Rock-Paper-Scissors involves two players who simultaneously choose one of three shapes: rock, paper, or scissors. The winner is determined by the rules: rock crushes scissors, scissors cut paper, and paper covers rock. If both choose the same shape, the round is a draw. In our case study, one player is the human user and the other is the computer, which will make a random choice.
石头剪刀布游戏涉及两名玩家同时选择三种形状之一：石头、剪刀或布。胜负由规则决定：石头赢剪刀，剪刀赢布，布赢石头。如果双方选择相同，则为平局。在我们的案例中，一名玩家是人类用户，另一名是计算机会做出随机选择的电脑。
We need to create a program that asks the user for their choice, generates a random choice for the computer, compares them according to the rules, and announces the result. This sounds simple, but we must break it down carefully to code it correctly.
我们需要创建一个程序，询问用户的选择，为电脑生成一个随机选择，根据规则进行比较，并宣布结果。这听起来简单，但我们必须仔细分解才能正确地编写代码。
2. Decomposition – Breaking Down the Task | 分解——拆分任务
Decomposition means dividing a complex problem into smaller, manageable parts. For our game, we can identify these sub‑tasks:
分解是指将一个复杂问题分割成更小、更易管理的部分。对于我们的游戏，我们可以识别出以下子任务：
- Getting the player's input and checking it is valid (rock, paper, or scissors).
- 获取玩家的输入并检查其是否有效（石头、剪刀或布）。
- Generating a random choice for the computer.
- 为电脑生成一个随机选择。
- Comparing the two choices and applying the rules to decide the winner.
- 比较两个选择并应用规则来决定胜者。
- Displaying the result clearly to the user.
- 将结果清楚地显示给用户。
- Optionally, asking the player if they want to play again.
- 可选地，询问玩家是否想再玩一次。
By splitting the work, each piece becomes easier to design and test independently.
通过拆分任务，每个部分都变得更容易独立设计和测试。
3. Pattern Recognition – Spotting Similarities | 模式识别——发现相似之处
Pattern recognition involves looking for similarities or trends that can help us simplify the solution. In Rock‑Paper‑Scissors, we notice several patterns:
模式识别包括寻找可以帮助我们简化解决方案的相似性或趋势。在石头剪刀布中，我们注意到几个模式：
- The comparison logic follows a fixed set of conditions: rock beats scissors, scissors beat paper, paper beats rock. These are only three winning combinations out of nine possible pairings.
- 比较逻辑遵循一组固定的条件：石头赢剪刀，剪刀赢布，布赢石头。在九种可能的配对中，只有三种获胜组合。
- The computer's move is always random, so we can reuse the random‑generation code every round.
- 电脑的出招总是随机的，因此每轮我们都可以重复使用随机生成代码。
- The structure of asking for input, processing, and giving output is a common pattern in many programs.
- 请求输入、处理并给出输出的结构是许多程序中的常见模式。
Recognising these patterns helps us avoid writing unnecessary code and makes the algorithm more efficient.
识别这些模式有助于我们避免编写不必要的代码，并使算法更高效。
4. Abstraction – Focusing on What Matters | 抽象——关注重要细节
Abstraction means simplifying the problem by ignoring irrelevant details and focusing on the essential features. In our game design:
抽象意味着通过忽略不相关的细节并关注基本特征来简化问题。在我们的游戏设计中：
- We represent the three shapes as numbers or strings (e.g., 1 for rock, 2 for paper, 3 for scissors) to make comparison easier in code.
- 我们将三种形状表示为数字或字符串（例如，1 代表石头，2 代表布，
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 Computer Science Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图