📚 Year 7 SQA English Literature: Case Study Practical Exercises | 七年级 SQA 英语文学：案例分析实战演练
In Year 7 English Literature, you develop the skills to read beyond the surface. A case study approach allows you to zoom in on a short extract and examine how a writer creates meaning through language, structure and imagery. This practical guide will take you through a complete case study, step by step, so you can practise the type of analysis expected in SQA assessments.
在七年级英语文学课程中，你需要培养透过表面深入阅读的能力。案例分析的方法能让你聚焦一段短小的节选，审视作者如何通过语言、结构和意象来创造意义。这份实战指南将带你逐步完成一个完整的案例研究，从而练习 SQA 评估所要求的那种分析。
1. What is a Case Study? | 什么是案例分析？
A case study in English is a focused examination of a single text or extract. Instead of skimming over many pages, you slow down and ask questions about every detail. Why did the writer choose that word? How does the sentence length affect the mood? This method builds your confidence in writing analytical paragraphs using the PEE (Point, Evidence, Explanation) structure.
在英语中，案例研究是对单一文本或摘录的集中审视。与其浏览许多页码，你放慢速度，对每个细节提出问题。作者为什么选择那个词？句子长度如何影响氛围？这种方法让你在用论点-证据-解释（PEE）结构写分析段落时更加自信。
Literature exams often give you an unseen passage, and a case study routine helps you prepare. By practising on a short text, you learn to spot techniques quickly and explain their effects clearly.
文学考试通常会给你一段没见过的文章，而案例分析式的练习有助于你做好准备。通过练习一段短小的文本，你学会快速识别技巧，并清晰地解释其效果。
2. The Case Study Text | 案例文本
Below is the short extract we will analyse together. Read it at least twice, and try to visualise the scene in your mind. Jot down any words or phrases that stand out.
下面是我们要一起分析的简短摘录。至少读两遍，并尝试在脑海中想象这个场景。记下任何让你印象深刻的词语或短语。
Extract: "The old cottage crouched beneath the twisted oak, its windows like dark, hollow eyes. Ivy crept up the stone walls, clutching at the cracks as if trying to pull the building into the earth. Inside, a single candle flickered on a dusty table, casting long shadows that danced like spectres. The air tasted of damp and forgotten memories."
摘录："那座老房子蜷缩在扭曲的橡树下，窗户像黑洞洞的眼睛。常春藤爬上石墙，紧紧抓着裂缝，仿佛要把房子拽进地里。屋内，一支蜡烛在布满灰尘的桌子上摇曳，投下长长的影子，像幽灵一样舞动。空气中有种潮湿和被遗忘的记忆的味道。"
You may have noticed that the extract is rich in imagery and feels slightly eerie. Now, let's begin the systematic investigation.
你可能已经注意到这段摘录意象丰富，且带有几分诡异感。现在，让我们开始系统的探究。
3. First Impressions and Predictions | 第一印象与预测
Before diving into techniques, record your instant reaction. What atmosphere does the writer create? Does the passage feel welcoming or threatening? Your initial feelings matter because they are often the writer's intended effect.
在深入探讨技巧之前，先记录你的即时反应。作者营造了怎样的氛围？这段文字是让你感到亲切还是威胁？你的最初感受很重要，因为它们往往是作者意图达到的效果。
Most readers would describe the mood as spooky, lonely or mysterious. The cottage seems abandoned, yet the flickering candle suggests someone might be there. The comparison of windows to 'dark, hollow eyes' immediately makes the building feel watchful and alive.
大多数读者会描述气氛为诡异、孤寂或神秘。小屋似乎已被遗弃，但摇曳的蜡烛又暗示可能有人在里面。把窗户比作"黑洞洞的眼睛"，立刻让建筑物显得警觉而富有生命。
Based on this opening, what might happen next? Perhaps a character will enter the cottage, or the candle will be blown out by a sudden wind. Making predictions helps you engage with the narrative.
根据这个开头，接下来可能会发生什么？或许有个人物会进入小屋，或者蜡烛会被一阵突如其来的风吹灭。做出预测有助于你与故事互动。
4. Character and Setting Analysis | 人物与环境分析
Although there is no human character in the extract, the cottage itself is almost a character. The writer uses personification – giving human qualities to an inanimate object – to bring the setting to life. The cottage 'crouched' and the ivy 'clutched' as if they have intentions.
尽管摘录中没有人类角色，但小屋本身几乎就是一个角色。作者使用了拟人手法——将人的特质赋予无生命的物体——让环境活了起来。小屋"蜷缩"，常春藤"抓着"，仿佛它们都有自己的意图。
Let's break this down using the PEE approach. Point: The writer makes the old cottage seem like a frightened or threatening creature. Evidence: The verb 'crouched
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