📚 Year 7 SQA Computing: Key Practical Assessment Skills | Year 7 SQA 计算机：实验/实践考核要点
Practical assessments in Year 7 SQA Computing build a solid foundation in digital literacy, programming, and problem-solving. Learners are expected to demonstrate hands-on skills in using software tools, writing simple code, and applying safe, ethical practices online.
SQA 七年级计算机课程的实践考核旨在为数字素养、编程和问题解决能力奠定坚实基础。学生需要展示使用软件工具、编写简单代码以及在网上应用安全和道德实践的实际操作技能。
1. Understanding Algorithms and Flowcharts | 理解算法与流程图
An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions to solve a problem. In practical tasks, you will often be asked to break a task down into clear, logical steps before writing any code.
算法是逐步解决问题的指令集合。在实践任务中，你经常需要先将要完成的任务分解成清晰、合理的步骤，然后再编写代码。
- Always begin by identifying the input, the process, and the expected output. / 始终从识别输入、处理和预期输出开始。
- Use standard flowchart symbols: an oval for Start/End, a parallelogram for Input/Output, a rectangle for a process, and a diamond for a decision. / 使用标准流程图符号：椭圆形代表开始/结束，平行四边形代表输入/输出，矩形代表处理过程，菱形代表判断。
When drawing flowcharts for your practical assessment, make sure the arrows show the flow of control clearly. A common pitfall is forgetting to label decision branches with 'Yes' and 'No'.
在为实践考核绘制流程图时，确保箭头清楚地显示控制流。一个常见的错误是忘记用“是”和“否”标注判断分支。
2. Introduction to Scratch Programming | Scratch 编程入门
Scratch is a block-based visual programming language used to create stories, games, and animations. Practical tests often require you to build a short project using sprites, backdrops, and code blocks.
Scratch 是一种基于积木块的可视化编程语言，用于创建故事、游戏和动画。实践测试通常要求你使用角色、背景和代码积木构建一个简短的项目。
- Understand how to use Motion blocks (move, turn, go to) and Looks blocks (say, switch costume). / 理解如何使用运动类积木（移动、旋转、移到）和外观类积木（说、切换造型）。
- Learn to sequence blocks correctly – changing the order can completely alter the program’s behaviour. / 学会正确排列积木顺序——改变顺序可能会完全改变程序的行为。
- Test your program after every few blocks to catch errors early. / 每添加几个积木后测试一下你的程序，以便尽早发现错误。
Examiners will check if you can add interactivity, such as making a sprite respond to a key press or mouse click.
考官会检查你是否能添加交互性，例如让角色对按键或鼠标点击做出响应。
3. Using Variables and Loops | 使用变量与循环
Variables store data such as a score, a timer, or a username. A loop repeats a set of instructions, which is essential for creating efficient programs.
变量用于存储数据，如得分、计时器或用户名。循环会重复执行一组指令，这对创建高效程序至关重要。
In your practical assessment, you might need to create a counting variable and use a 'repeat' or 'forever' loop to run an animation. Always set an initial value for your variable before the loop begins.
在实践考核中，你可能需要创建一个计数变量，并使用“重复”或“无限循环”来运行动画。在循环开始之前，一定要为变量设置一个初始值。
For example, a simple script to count from 1 to 10 could be demonstrated as:
比如，一个数1到10的简单脚本可以这样演示：
set [counter v] to [0] → repeat (10) → change [counter v] by (1) → say (counter)
Be careful not to create an infinite loop without intending to, as this can freeze your project.
注意不要无意中创建无限循环，因为这可能会导致你的项目卡死。
4. Debugging and Testing Code | 调试与测试代码
Debugging means finding and correcting mistakes in your program. In practical exams, you will be given code with intentional errors to fix.
调试意味着找出并纠正程序中的错误。在实践考试中，你会拿到故意带有错误的代码来进行修正。
- Read the error message carefully if one appears; it often tells you the type of error and the line or block number. / 如果出现错误消息，请仔细阅读；它通常会告诉你错误类型以及行号或积木块编号。
- Common Scratch errors include missing forever loops around a movement script, putting conditions in the wrong order, or forgetting to reset a variable. / 常见的 Scratch 错误包括：移动脚本缺少无限循环、条件顺序放错或忘记重置变量。
- Use a 'say' block to display a variable’s value while testing – this helps you see if the data is updating correctly. / 在测试时用“说”积木显示变量值——这有助于你查看数据是否正确更新。
Always run your final program at least twice with different inputs to make sure every path works.
务必使用不同的输入至少运行最终程序两次，确保每条路径都能正常工作。
5. Computer Hardware Basics | 计算机硬件基础
A hands-on assessment may require you to identify physical components of a desktop computer or explain the function of input and output devices.
动手实践考核可能要求你识别台式计算机的物理组件，或解释输入和输出设备的功能。
| Input Devices / 输入设备 | Output Devices / 输出设备 | Storage / 存储器 |
|---|---|---|
| Keyboard, mouse, microphone | Monitor, speaker, printer | Hard drive, SSD, USB flash drive |
| 键盘、鼠标、麦克风 | 显示器、扬声器、打印机 | 硬盘、固态硬盘、U盘 |
The central processing unit (CPU) is the 'brain' that carries out instructions. When assembling a simple setup, connect all cables securely and power on the devices in the correct order.
中央处理器（CPU）是执行指令的“大脑”。在组装简单设备时，要牢固连接所有电缆，并按正确顺序给设备通电。
6. Creating Digital Presentations | 制作数字演示文稿
You may be asked to create a presentation using tools like PowerPoint or Google Slides. The practical mark will consider layout, consistency, and appropriate use of multimedia.
你可能需要使用 PowerPoint 或 Google 幻灯片等工具创建演示文稿。实践评分会考虑版式、一致性以及多媒体是否恰当运用。
- Use a consistent slide design with readable fonts and a colour scheme that is not too distracting. / 使用一致的幻灯片设计，字体清晰可读，配色方案不要太花哨。
- Insert at least one image or chart, but avoid overcrowding a slide. / 至少插入一张图片或图表，但避免将一张幻灯片塞得太满。
- Add slide transitions and animations sparingly – a simple fade is often best. / 适度添加幻灯片切换和动画效果——简单的淡入淡出通常是最好的选择。
Always rehearse your presentation to check the timing and ensure that embedded videos or sound clips play correctly.
务必排练你的演示文稿，检查时间安排，并确保嵌入的视频或音频片段能正常播放。
7. Internet Safety and Ethical Use | 互联网安全与道德使用
Staying safe online is a key part of the practical syllabus. You will be questioned on how to protect personal information and behave respectfully in digital spaces.
安全上网是实践教学大纲的一个重要部分。你会被问到如何保护个人信息以及在数字空间中礼貌行事的问题。
- Never share your full name, address, school name, or passwords online. / 永远不要在网上透露你的全名、地址、学校名称或密码。
- Know what to do if you encounter cyberbullying: tell a trusted adult, block the user, and save the evidence. / 知道遇到网络欺凌时该怎么做：告诉可以信赖的成年人，屏蔽该用户，并保存证据。
- Respect copyright – always use Creative Commons or properly licensed images and music in your projects. / 尊重版权——在你的项目中始终使用 Creative Commons 或经过适当许可的图片和音乐。
During a practical task, you might be asked to critique a fictional online profile and suggest ways to make it more private.
在实践任务中，你可能会被要求评论一个虚构的在线个人资料，并提出增强其隐私性的方法。
8. Data Handling with Spreadsheets | 使用电子表格处理数据
Spreadsheet skills such as entering data, using basic formulas, and creating charts are frequently assessed. Practical tests may give you a small dataset to analyse.
电子表格技能，如数据输入、使用基本公式和创建图表，经常会被考核。实践测试可能会给你一个小型数据集让你进行分析。
Key formulas you should be able to use include SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, and MAX. For example:
你应该能够使用的主要公式包括 SUM、AVERAGE、MIN 和 MAX。例如：
=SUM(B2:B6) → calculates the total of cells B2 to B6. / 计算单元格 B2 到 B6 的总和。
Remember to format numbers correctly (e.g. currency, decimal places) and add a clear chart title and labels.
记住正确设置数字格式（例如货币、小数位数），并添加清晰的图表标题和标签。
9. Creating and Editing Graphics | 创作与编辑图形
You may be assessed on your ability to create a simple graphic using vector drawing tools or to edit a bitmap image. Core skills include resizing, cropping, and layering.
你可能会被考核能否使用矢量绘图工具创建一个简单的图形，或者编辑一个位图图像。核心技能包括调整大小、裁剪和图层处理。
- Understand the difference between bitmap and vector formats: bitmaps (e.g., PNG, JPEG) are made of pixels; vectors (e.g., SVG) use mathematical lines and can be scaled without losing quality. / 理解位图和矢量格式的区别：位图（如 PNG、JPEG）由像素构成；矢量图（如 SVG）使用数学线条，可以无限缩放而不失真。
- When creating a logo, use simple shapes and a limited colour palette for a professional finish. / 制作徽标时，使用简单的形状和有限的调色板，可获得专业效果。
- Always save an editable copy (e.g., .SVG or .PSD) before exporting to a compressed format. / 在导出为压缩格式之前，务必保存一份可编辑的副本（如 .SVG 或 .PSD）。
10. Basic Robotics and Physical Computing | 基础机器人与物理计算
Many schools use microcontrollers like the BBC micro:bit in Year 7. Practical tasks may include programming an LED display, reading sensor data, or controlling a small motor.
许多学校在七年级使用 BBC micro:bit 等微控制器。实践任务可能包括编写 LED 显示程序、读取传感器数据或控制小型电机。
Start with simple block code in the MakeCode editor. For instance, to display a heart when button A is pressed, use:
从 MakeCode 编辑器中的简单积木块开始。例如，按下按键 A 时显示一颗心，可以使用：
on button A pressed → show icon [Heart]
Test your program on the physical device to ensure the code works in the real world, not just the simulator.
在物理设备上测试你的程序，以确保代码不仅在模拟器中运行，在实物上也能正常工作。
11. Collaboration Using Cloud Tools | 使用云端工具协作
Being able to work with others on a shared document or project is an assessed skill. You must show that you can contribute constructively and manage version control.
能够与他人共同编辑共享文档或项目是一项待考核的技能。你必须展示自己能够富有建设性地参与协作，并管理好版本控制。
- Use comments and suggesting mode in Google Docs or Microsoft Word Online instead of directly changing a classmate’s text. / 使用 Google 文档或 Microsoft Word Online 中的批注和建议模式，而不是直接修改同学的文本。
- Agree on file naming conventions and folder structures before starting a group project. / 在开始小组项目之前，商定好文件命名规范和文件夹结构。
- Always check who contributed what – most platforms have a history feature to track changes. / 经常检查谁贡献了什么内容——大多数平台都有历史记录功能来跟踪修改。
12. Assessment Tips and Common Pitfalls | 考核技巧与常见陷阱
Read the practical task brief several times before you start. Underline the key deliverables, the file format required, and any deadline.
在开始之前，将实践任务简报多读几遍。划出关键的交付内容、要求的文件格式以及任何截止时间。
- Plan before you create: draw a quick sketch or write pseudocode. Jumping straight in often leads to disorganised work. / 创作之前先规划：画一个速写草图或写写伪代码。一上来就动手往往会导致作品杂乱无章。
- Save your work frequently and keep backups. A technical failure is not usually accepted as an excuse for missing work. / 经常保存你的作品并做好备份。技术故障通常不被接受为未完成作业的借口。
- If you finish early, use the remaining time to review and polish: check spelling in presentations, test every button in a game, or refine the layout of a spreadsheet. / 如果你提前做完了，利用剩余时间进行检查和润色：检查演示文稿中的拼写，测试游戏中的每个按钮，或改进电子表格的布局。
Common pitfalls include forgetting to credit sources, using images without transparent backgrounds that ruin the design, and leaving variables undeclared.
常见陷阱包括：忘记标明数据来源、使用没有透明背景而破坏设计的图片，以及让变量未声明就直接使用。
Published by TutorHao | Computing Revision Series | aleveler.com
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