📚 Year 7 SQA English Literature: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Revision Guide | Year 7 SQA 英语文学：词汇术语速记指南
This guide is designed to help Year 7 students following the SQA English Literature curriculum quickly memorise and understand the essential literary terms. Each term is explained in plain English, followed by a Chinese translation, with examples to make learning stick. Use this as a daily warm-up, a quick reference before assessments, or a revision checklist to build your confidence in analysing poems, stories and plays.
本指南旨在帮助遵循 SQA 英语文学课程的 Year 7 学生快速记忆和理解基本的文学术语。每个术语先用通俗易懂的英文解释，再附上中文译文和例句，让学习更扎实。你可以把它当作每日热身、评估前的速查手册，或是帮助你自信分析诗歌、小说和戏剧的复习清单。
1. Simile | 明喻
A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things using the words 'like' or 'as'. It helps the reader picture a scene or feeling more vividly.
明喻是一种修辞手法，用 'like' 或 'as'（像、如同）直接比较两个不同的事物，让读者更生动地想象场景或感受。
Example: 'The night sky was as dark as ink.'
例句：'The night sky was as dark as ink.'（夜空漆黑如墨。）
2. Metaphor | 暗喻
A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes one thing as if it were another, without using 'like' or 'as'. It says something is something else to create a strong image in the mind.
暗喻是一种修辞手法，不用 'like' 或 'as'，而是直接把一个事物说成另一个事物，从而在读者脑海中创造强烈的形象。
Example: 'Time is a thief.'
例句：'Time is a thief.'（时间是贼。）
3. Personification | 拟人
Personification gives human qualities, feelings or actions to something that is not human – such as an object, animal or idea. It makes descriptions more engaging and relatable.
拟人就是把人的特征、情感或行为赋予非人的事物，如物体、动物或抽象概念，使描写更亲切、更具感染力。
Example: 'The wind whispered through the trees.'
例句：'The wind whispered through the trees.'（风在树间低语。）
4. Alliteration | 头韵
Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial letter or sound in two or more words close together. Poets use it to create rhythm, mood or emphasis.
头韵是指两个或多个相邻单词的开头辅音或字母重复出现。诗人用它来创造节奏、渲染气氛或加以强调。
Example: 'Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.'
例句：'Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.'（彼得・派珀挑了许多腌辣椒。）
5. Onomatopoeia | 拟声词
Onomatopoeia is a word that imitates the natural sound of a thing. It helps the reader 'hear' the action and brings the text to life.
拟声词是模仿事物自然声音的词语，让读者仿佛“听”到了动作，使文字更鲜活。
Example: 'The bees buzzed busily around the hive.'
例句：'The bees buzzed busily around the hive.'（蜜蜂在蜂巢边嗡嗡忙碌。）
6. Imagery | 意象
Imagery refers to the use of descriptive words and phrases that appeal to the five senses – sight, sound, smell, taste and touch – to create a mental picture for the reader.
意象指运用描述性的词语和短语来调动视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉，从而在读者心中形成心理画面。
Example: 'The crisp autumn leaves crunched underfoot, filling the chilly air with an earthy scent.'
例句：'The crisp autumn leaves crunched underfoot, filling the chilly air with an earthy scent.'（脆脆的秋叶在脚下沙沙作响，空气中弥漫着泥土的气息。）
7. Rhyme & Rhythm | 押韵与节奏
Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds at the end of lines in a poem. Rhythm is the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that gives the poem a musical beat.
押韵是诗行末尾相似音的重复。节奏则是重读音节与非重读音节形成的规律性模式，赋予诗歌音乐般的节拍。
Example of rhyme: 'The cat sat on the mat.' (cat / mat)
押韵例子：'The cat sat on the mat.'（cat 和 mat 押韵）
Example of rhythm: 'I WANDered LONEly AS a CLOUD' (stressed syllables in capitals)
节奏例子：'I WANDered LONEly AS a CLOUD'（大写表示重读音节）
8. Stanza & Line | 诗节与诗行
A line is a single row of words in a poem. A stanza is a group of lines grouped together, similar to a paragraph in prose. Stanzas help organise an idea or a shift in tone.
诗行是诗歌中的一行文字。诗节是由几行诗句组成的段落，类似于散文中的自然段，有助于组织思想或展现语气的变化。
Example: A couplet is a stanza of two lines; a quatrain has four lines.
例子：对句（couplet）是两行诗节；四行诗（quatrain）是四行诗节。
9. Narrative Perspective | 叙述视角
Narrative perspective is the point of view from which a story is told. First person uses 'I' or 'we'; third person limited sticks to one character's thoughts; third person omniscient knows everyone's thoughts.
叙述视角指讲述故事的角度。第一人称用“我”或“我们”；第三人称有限视角紧紧跟随一个角色的思想；第三人称全知视角知晓所有人的内心活动。
Example: 'I crept down the dark hallway' is first person. 'She wondered what lay ahead' is third person limited.
例句：'I crept down the dark hallway' 是第一人称。'She wondered what lay ahead' 是第三人称有限视角。
10. Tone & Mood | 语气与氛围
Tone is the writer's attitude toward the subject – it might be playful, serious, angry or nostalgic. Mood is the atmosphere the reader experiences, such as mysterious, cheerful or tense.
语气是作者对主题的态度，如戏谑、严肃、愤怒或怀旧。氛围则是读者感受到的整体气氛，如神秘、欢快或紧张。
Example: The tone of a letter to a friend might be warm and informal; the mood of a ghost story is often eerie.
例子：给朋友的信语气可能温暖而随意；鬼故事的氛围常常阴森可怖。
11. Symbolism | 象征
Symbolism is the use of an object, colour, character or situation to represent a deeper idea or abstract quality. A dove often symbolises peace; a chain might symbolise oppression or connection.
象征就是用一个物体、颜色、人物或情境来代表更深层次的概念或抽象品质。鸽子常象征和平；锁链可能象征压迫或联结。
Example: In many stories, a journey can symbolise the character's growth and self-discovery.
例子：在许多故事中，一段旅程可以象征角色的成长与自我发现。
12. Hyperbole | 夸张
Hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration used for emphasis or dramatic effect. It is not meant to be taken literally, but to make a point strongly.
夸张是一种极度的夸大，用于强调或制造戏剧效果，不可按字面理解，而是为了强烈地表达观点。
Example: 'I've told you a million times to clean your room!'
例句：'I've told you a million times to clean your room!'（我已经告诉过你一百万次要打扫房间了！）
Bonus Quick-Reference Table | 速查对照表
Here is a handy table matching each term with its short English definition and Chinese meaning. Use it to test yourself by covering one column at a time.
以下是一张实用对照表，将每个术语与其英文简短定义和中文释义相对应。你可以一次遮住一列来自我测试。
| Term | English Definition | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|
| Simile | Comparison using 'like' or 'as' | 明喻（用“像”比较） |
| Metaphor | Direct comparison without 'like'/'as' | 暗喻（直接比较） |
| Personification | Giving human traits to non-human things | 拟人 |
| Alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds | 头韵 |
| Onomatopoeia | Words that imitate sounds | 拟声词 |
| Imagery | Descriptive language appealing to the senses | 意象 |
| Rhyme & Rhythm | Sound repetition and pattern of stress | 押韵与节奏 |
| Stanza & Line | Group of lines; single row of words | 诗节与诗行 |
| Narrative Perspective | Point of view (1st, 3rd limited, omniscient) | 叙述视角 |
| Tone & Mood | Writer's attitude; overall atmosphere | 语气与氛围 |
| Symbolism | Object representing a deeper idea | 象征 |
| Hyperbole | Extreme exaggeration for effect | 夸张 |
Published by TutorHao | English Literature Revision Series | aleveler.com
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