📚 Year 7 SQA Geography: Vocabulary Quick Memory Guide | 七年级SQA地理：词汇术语速记指南
Geography is full of important terms that describe our planet, its landscapes, and the ways people interact with them. Mastering this vocabulary early will give you a huge advantage in understanding key concepts and answering exam questions with confidence. This guide breaks down the essential SQA Year 7 terms into manageable groups and offers simple memory tricks to help you recall them quickly.
地理学科中有许多重要术语，用来描述我们的星球、自然景观以及人类与环境的互动。尽早掌握这些词汇，将帮助你更好地理解核心概念，并在考试中自信作答。本指南将SQA七年级必学术语分成易于记忆的小组，并提供简单的速记窍门，帮助你快速回忆。
1. Physical Landscapes | 自然地形术语
Mountain – a very high, steep area of land, usually with a peak at least 600 m above sea level. Think of Ben Nevis in Scotland. Memory trick: 'Mountain' sounds like 'mounting' up – climbing high.
山峰——非常高大陡峭的陆地，通常海拔至少600米。比如苏格兰的本尼维斯山。记忆法：“峰”像要“攀登”到最高点。
Valley – a low area between hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it. Picture a V‑shape carved by water. Memory trick: 'Valley' rhymes with 'alley' – a low path between buildings.
山谷——山丘或山脉之间的低洼地带，常有河流穿过。想象水流切割出的V字形状。记忆法：“谷”形似地面的凹槽。
Plateau – a flat-topped highland that rises sharply above the surrounding land. Like a tabletop mountain. Memory trick: 'Plateau' starts like 'plate' – a flat surface.
高原——顶部平坦、高出周围地面的高地，像桌面一样。记忆法：“原”是平坦的，高原就是又高又平的地方。
2. Weathering and Erosion | 风化与侵蚀术语
Weathering – the breaking down of rocks in place, caused by rain, temperature changes, or living things. No movement involved. Memory trick: Weathering = rocks 'withering' like a plant.
风化——岩石在原地因雨水、温度变化或生物作用而破碎，不发生移动。记忆法：“风化”就像风吹日晒让岩石“变瘦”，留在原地。
Erosion – the wearing away and removal of rock and soil by water, wind, or ice. Movement is key. Memory trick: 'E' for erosion = 'E' for export – material is taken away.
侵蚀——水、风或冰磨损并运走岩石和土壤的过程。关键是发生了搬运。记忆法：“侵”像入侵并拿走。
Deposition – the dropping of eroded material when the moving agent (e.g., river) loses energy. Often forms deltas or beaches. Memory trick: De-position – putting down what was carried.
沉积——当搬运媒介（如河流）能量减弱时，被侵蚀的物质落下来。常形成三角洲或沙滩。记忆法：“沉积”就是“沉”下去堆积。
3. Rivers and Coasts | 河流与海岸术语
Source – the starting point of a river, often in high ground. Memory trick: Source = spring water 'sourced' from the ground.
源头——河流开始的地方，通常在高地。记忆法：“源”是水的来源。
Mouth – where a river flows into a lake, sea, or ocean. Think of the river 'opening its mouth' to the sea.
河口——河流流入湖泊或海洋的地方。想象河流张开“口”汇入大海。
Abrasion – coastal erosion caused by rocks and pebbles grinding against the cliff, like sandpaper. Memory trick: Abrasion sounds like 'abrade' – to scrape.
磨蚀——岩石和卵石像砂纸一样研磨海岸悬崖，造成侵蚀。记忆法：“磨”就是摩擦。
River profile: Source → Upper course → Middle course → Lower course → Mouth
河流纵剖面：源头→上游→中游→下游→河口
4. Weather and Climate | 天气与气候术语
Weather – the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere – temperature, rainfall, wind speed, and cloud cover. It can change hourly. Memory trick: Weather = 'whether' you need an umbrella today!
天气——大气的日常状况，如气温、降水、风速和云量，可以每小时变化。记忆法：天气就是“今儿”要不要带伞。
Climate – the average weather conditions of a place measured over a long period (usually 30 years). Desert climate is hot and dry year after year. Memory trick: Climate = 'climb it' – if you climb to the top of a mountain, the long-term conditions change slowly.
气候——某地长期（通常30年）的平均天气状况。沙漠气候年年炎热干燥。记忆法：“气候”需要长时间观察，像“气候”的“候”有等待的意思。
| Element | Unit | 中文 |
| Temperature | °C (Celsius) | 温度（摄氏度） |
| Precipitation | mm | 降水量（毫米） |
| Wind speed | km/h or mph | 风速（公里/小时） |
| Cloud cover | oktas | 云量（八分量） |
5. Maps and Grid References | 地图与网格参考术语
Latitude – imaginary lines running east‑west, measuring distance north or south of the Equator (0°). Key lines include the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) and Arctic Circle (66.5°N). Memory trick: 'Lat' is flat – latitude lines are flat (horizontal).
纬度——从西向东的假想线，衡量赤道（0°）以北或以南的距离。重要纬线有北回归线（23.5°N）和北极圈（66.5°N）。记忆法：“纬”的拼音里有个“横”音？不如记“纬”像围巾横向围住地球。
Longitude – imaginary lines running north‑south from pole to pole, meeting at 0° (Prime Meridian). Memory trick: 'Long' lines – they are long vertically.
经度——从一极到另一极的南北向假想线，汇聚于0°（本初子午线）。记忆法：“经”像一个长长的竖条。
Grid reference – a system of letters and numbers used to locate a place on an Ordnance Survey map. A 4‑figure grid reference (e.g., 1525) gives a square; a 6‑figure reference (e.g., 153255) pins a point. Memory trick: 'Along the corridor and up the stairs' – go horizontal first, then vertical.
网格参考——用字母和数字在地形图上定位的系统。四位网格参考（如1525）给出一个方格；六位参考（如153255）精确定位一点。记忆法：“先横走，后竖上”——先读东距，再读北距。
6. Population and Settlement | 人口与聚落术语
Population density – the number of people per square kilometre (people/km²). Memory trick: 'Density' area is. Densely populated cities like Tokyo have high density; deserts have low density.
人口密度——每平方公里的人数（人/平方公里）。记忆法：“密”就是密密麻麻的程度。东京人口稠密，密度高；沙漠人口稀疏，密度低。
Settlement hierarchy – a ranking of settlements by size – let → village → town → city → conurbation → megacity. Each step up provides more services. Memory trick: Think of a ladder – higher up means bigger and more shops.
聚落等级——按规模排列的定居点等级：小村→村庄→镇→城市→集合城市→特大城市。每升一级服务功能增多。记忆法：像梯子一样，越往上越大、商店越多。
Rural–urban migration – the movement of people from countryside to cities, often for jobs. Memory trick: 'Rural' has 'r' for remote; 'urban' has 'u' for a busy hub.
城乡迁移——人们从乡村迁往城市，通常为了就业。记忆法：“村”到“城”，从田园到喧嚣。
7. Ecosystems and Biomes | 生态系统与生物群落术语
Ecosystem – a community of living organisms (plants, animals) interacting with their non‑living environment (soil, water, sunlight). Example: a pond ecosystem. Memory trick: 'Eco' = home (Greek oikos) – a home for living things.
生态系统——生物（植物、动物）与非生物环境（土壤、水、阳光）相互作用的群落。例如池塘生态系统。记忆法：“生”是一切生命，系统是相互连接。
Biome – a large-scale ecosystem defined by climate and vegetation, such as tropical rainforest, tundra, or desert. Memory trick: Biome sounds like 'bio' (life) + 'ome' as in home – a life zone.
生物群落——由气候和植被决定的大范围生态系统，如热带雨林、苔原或沙漠。记忆法：生物群落的“群”是大范围的生命带。
Food chain – re) → secondary consumer (carnivore). Arrows show energy flow. E.g., Grass → Rabbit → Fox.
食物链——谁吃谁的顺序：生产者（植物）→初级消费者（食草动物）→次级消费者（食肉动物）。箭头表示能量流动。例如：草→兔→狐。
8. Natural Hazards | 自然灾害术语
Volcano – an opening in Earth's crust through which magma (lava), ash, and gases erupt. Often found at plate boundaries. Memory trick: 'Volcano' comes from Vulcan, the Roman god of fire – fiery mountain.
火山——地壳上的开口，岩浆（熔岩）、火山灰和气体从这里喷出。常见于板块边界。记忆法：“火”山，喷火的山。
Earthquake – a sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates. The focus is the underground start point; the epicentre is the point on the surface above. Memory trick: 'Earth' + 'quake' – earth shaking like jelly.
地震——由板块运动引起的地面突然震动。震源是地下的起始点；震中是地面上正对震源的点。记忆法：“地”在“震”动。
Tsunami – a giant sea wave generated by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption. Memory trick: Japanese 'tsu' (harbour) + 'nami' (wave) – giant harbour wave.
海啸——由海底地震或火山爆发产生的巨大海浪。记忆法：“海”上的长“啸”巨浪。
9. Resources and Sustainability | 资源与可持续性术语
Renewable resource – a resource that can be replaced naturally in a short time, e.g., solar energy, wind, timber. Memory trick: 'Renew' means make new again – endlessly usable.
可再生资源——能在较短时间内自然补充的资源，如太阳能、风力、木材。记忆法：可以“再”生，永续利用。
Non‑renewable resource – a finite resource that cannot be replaced once used, e.g., coal, oil, natural gas. They take millions of years to form. Memory trick: Once it's gone, it's gone – you cannot 'renew' it.
不可再生资源——使用后无法再补充的有限资源，如煤、石油、天然气。它们需要数百万年形成。记忆法：不能“再生”，用完即止。
Sustainability – meeting our own needs without harming the ability of future generations to meet theirs. Involves recycling, using less, and protecting environments. Memory trick: 'Sustain' + 'ability' – the ability to keep going forever.
可持续性——满足当代人需求而不损害后代人满足其需求的能力。包括回收、减少使用、保护环境。记忆法：“持续”发展，永远延续。
10. Fieldwork and Enquiry | 野外考察与探究术语
Primary data – information you collect yourself, e.g., measurements, questionnaires, sketches. It is first-hand. Memory trick: 'Primary' = first, like primary school is your first school.
一手数据——自己收集的信息，如测量数据、问卷、速写。是最原始的。记忆法：“一手”就是自己的手收集的。
Secondary data – information gathered by someone else, e.g., textbooks, maps, census data. Memory trick: 'Secondary' comes second – after someone else did the work.
二手数据——他人收集的信息，如教科书、地图、人口普查数据。记忆法：“二手”就是别人用过再传来的。
Hypothesis – an educated guess or prediction that you test through fieldwork. E.g., 'Pedestrian flow is highest at lunchtime.' Memory trick: 'Hypo' (under) + 'thesis' (idea) – an underlying idea to prove.
假设——通过实地考察验证的有依据的猜测或预测。例如：“正午人行流量最高。”记忆法：“假”定一个想法，然后去验“设”。
11. Global Development | 全球发展术语
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year. Often used to compare wealth. Memory trick: 'Gross' = total, 'Domestic' = inside the country – all the money made inside.
国内生产总值(GDP)——一个国家一年内生产的商品和服务总价值，常用来比较富裕程度。记忆法：“国内”生产的“总”值。
Human Development Index (HDI) – a score from 0 to 1 that combines life expectancy, education, and income. A higher HDI means better quality of life. Memory trick: HDI = Health, Dollars, and Instruction.
人类发展指数(HDI)——一个从0到1的分数，综合了预期寿命、教育和收入。HDI越高，生活质量越好。记忆法：HDI就像健康、财富和教育的组合得分。
Trade – the buying and selling of goods and services between countries. Exports go out; imports come in. Memory trick: Exports = Exit ports. Imports = In ports.
贸易——国家之间买卖商品和服务。出口是卖出去；进口是买进来。记忆法：“出口”是出去，“进口”是进来。
12. Revision Mnemonic Cards | 复习记忆卡总结
Make your own revision cards using these quick links. On one side write the English term; on the reverse write the definition and a doodle that matches the memory trick. Test yourself or a friend. For example:
制作自己的复习卡片。正面写英文术语，背面写定义并画一个与记忆法相关的简笔画。自测或与朋友互测。例如：
- Erosion: 'E' for export – material carried away. 侵蚀：E像出口——物质被带走。
- Latitude: Flat lines, like a ladder's rung. 纬度：平坦的横线，像梯子的横档。
- Sustainability: The ability to keep going forever – picture a never‑ending cycle arrow. 可持续性：永远持续的能力——画一个无限循环箭头。
Use these terms regularly in your written answers to build confidence. Combining visual, auditory, and written habits will lock them into your long‑term memory.
在书面作答中经常使用这些术语，建立自信。结合视觉、听觉和书写习惯，将术语牢牢锁定在长期记忆中。
Published by TutorHao | Geography Revision Series | aleveler.com
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