📚 SQA Year 7 Biology: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | SQA 七年级生物词汇术语速记指南
Biology is full of new and sometimes tricky words. Learning them doesn't have to be boring! This guide uses clever mnemonics, root words, and fun associations to help you quickly memorise key SQA Year 7 biology terms. By linking sounds and images, you will turn vocabulary into lasting knowledge.
生物学充满了新的、有时很绕口的词汇。学习它们不一定是枯燥的！本指南使用巧妙的记忆法、词根和有趣的联想，帮助你快速记住 SQA 七年级生物关键词。通过声音和图像的连接，你会把这些词汇变成长期的知识。
1. Cell Structure Terms | 细胞结构术语
| Term | English Mnemonic | 中文记忆法 |
|---|---|---|
| Nucleus | Say 'new-klee-us'. Think of the nucleus as the 'new clue' centre because it holds the genetic blueprint. Remember: Nucleus = Control Centre. | 读作 'new-klee-us'。把细胞核想象成“新线索”中心，它掌握着基因蓝图。记作：细胞核 = 控制中心。 |
| Cytoplasm | Break it down: 'cyto-' means cell, '-plasm' means jelly. It's the jelly-like filling where reactions happen. Picture a fruit jelly holding tiny sweets. | 拆开看：'cyto-' 指细胞，'-plasm' 指胶状物。它是发生反应的果冻状物质。想象成水果冻里藏着的小糖果。 |
| Cell membrane | Think of 'membrane' as a 'member' only gate — it controls what enters and exits. It's the cell's bouncer. | 把 'membrane' 想成一个“会员专用”门——它控制物质进出。如同细胞的保安。 |
| Mitochondria | 'Mito' sounds like 'mighty'. Mitochondria are the mighty powerhouses that release energy. Say: 'Mighty mitochondria make energy.' | 'Mito' 听起来像 'mighty' (强大的)。线粒体是释放能量的强大工厂。记成：“强大的线粒体制造能量”。 |
| Chloroplast | 'Chloro-' means green (like chlorophyll), '-plast' means body. These green bodies capture sunlight for photosynthesis. Think of them as tiny solar panels. | 'Chloro-' 表示绿，“-plast” 表示体。这些绿体吸收阳光进行光合作用。想象成微型太阳能板。 |
| Vacuole | It sounds like 'vacuum'. A vacuole is a storage bag that holds water and nutrients, like a vacuum bag full of stuff. In plants it's one big central bag. | 听起来像“vacuum (真空)”。液泡是存水和养分的储存袋，像装满东西的真空袋。植物细胞里是一个大中央液泡。 |
2. Life Process Terms | 生命过程术语
Photosynthesis: split it as 'photo' (light) + 'synthesis' Water → Glucose + Oxygen. The balanced symbol equation is a brilliant summary to memorise.
光合作用：拆成 'photo'（光）+ 'synthesis'（合成）。植物用光能把二氧化碳和水合成葡萄糖。文字方程式帮助记忆：二氧化碳 + 水 → 葡萄糖 + 氧气。平衡的符号方程是绝佳的记忆摘要。
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Respiration: 're-' means again, 'spiration' relates to breathing. Though it's not breathing, cells 'breathe' chemically to release energy from glucose. Remember the equation is the reverse of photosynthesis, but it happens in all living cells all the time.
呼吸作用：'re-' 表示再，“spiration” 与呼吸有关。虽然这不是真的呼吸，但细胞进行化学“呼吸”从葡萄糖释放能量。记住方程恰好是光合作用的反向，但它发生在所有活细胞中，一直进行。
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy
Glucose: think 'glue-cose', the sugar that glues energy together. Oxygen: 'oxy' sharp, 'gen' maker — the gas that makes burning sharp. Carbon dioxide: 'di' means two, so two oxygen atoms with one carbon.
葡萄糖：想象成 "glue-cose" ，把能量黏合在一起的糖。氧气：'oxy' 尖锐，“gen” 制造者——令燃烧更旺的气体。二氧化碳：'di' 指二，所以一个碳原子带着两个氧原子。
3. Ecosystem Terms | 生态系统术语
Habitat: sounds like 'habit-at'. An organism's habitat is where it hangs out as a habit. A fox's habitat is the woods; it's its natural home address.
栖息地：听起来像 “habit-at” 。生物的栖息地就是它习惯待着的地方。狐狸的栖息地在树林，那是它的天然家庭地址。
Population: all the members of one species in an area. Think of a 'popular' group of the same creature. A population of rabbits lives together.
种群：一个区域内同一物种的所有成员。想象成一个受欢迎的同类群体。一群兔子生活在一起就是一个种群。
a neighbourhood where different families (species) mix. Community = many species together.
群落：多个种群一起生活并相互作用。想象一个社区，不同的家庭（物种）混居在一起。群落 = 许多物种一起。
Ecosystem: community plus the non-living environment. 'Eco' means home or environment, 'system' means organised whole. A pond ecosystem includes water, mud, plants, fish, and sunshine.
生态系统：群落加上非生物环境。'Eco' 指家或环境，“system” 指有组织的整体。一个池塘生态系统包括水、泥土、植物、鱼和阳光。
Biotic and Abiotic: 'bio' = life, so biotic means living factors (plants, animals). 'A' = without, so abiotic means non-living factors (light, temperature, water). Link 'a' with 'absence' of life.
生物和非生物：'bio' 意为生命，biotic 指生物因素（植物、动物）。'A' 意为无，abiotic 指非生物因素（光、温度、水）。把 'a' 和“无生命”联系起来。
4. Food Chains & Food Webs | 食物链与食物网
Producer: a plant that produces its own food by photosynthesis. Think 'produce' like a farm grows crops. The energy comes directly from the Sun.
生产者：能通过光合作用自己制造食物的植物。像农场种庄稼一样“生产”。能量直接来自太阳。
Consumer: an organism that consumes (eats) other living things. It can't make its own food. Herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore are types of consumers.
消费者：消费（吃）其他生物的有机体。它不能自己造食物。草食动物、肉食动物和杂食动物都是消费者。
Herbivore: 'herb' means plant, 'vore' means eat. So a plant-eater. Rabbit is a herbivore. Carnivore: 'carni' means meat; meat-eater, like a fox.
草食动物：'herb' 表示植物，“vore” 表示吃。所以是植物吃者。兔子是草食动物。肉食动物：'carni' 表示肉；肉食者，比如狐狸。
Omnivore: 'omni' s means all. Eats both plants and animals. Humans are omnivores. Mnemonic: Omin (all) + vore (eat) = everything eater.
杂食动物：'omni' 表示所有。动植物都吃。人类是杂食动物。记忆：omni (全) + vore (吃) = 什么都吃的动物。
Predator and Prey: predator hunts, prey is hunted. Remember 'predator' comes before 'prey' in the alphabet — the hunter acts first. Prey tries to escape.
捕食者与猎物：捕食者猎杀，猎物被猎杀。记住 'predator' 字母顺序在 'prey' 之前——猎手先行动。猎物则设法逃脱。
5. Animal Classification | 动物分类
Vertebrate: animal with a backbone. The word contains 'vertebra', the bones in your spine. Invertebrate: 'in-' means without, so no backbone. Think of an ant – it's spineless!
脊椎动物：有脊椎骨的动物。单词含 'vertebra'，即脊柱的骨头。无脊椎动物：'in-' 表示没有，所以无脊椎。想想蚂蚁——它没有脊椎！
The five vertebrate classes can be remembered with a simple sentence: My Big Round Angry Fish! (Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish). Each group has a key feature: mammals have hair and produce milk; birds have feathers; reptiles have dry scales; amphibians have moist skin and live in water and on land; fish have gills and scales.
五大脊椎动物类群可以用一句话记忆：My Big Round Angry Fish! (哺乳动物, 鸟类, 爬行动物, 两栖动物, 鱼类)。每个类群有关键特征：哺乳动物有毛发、产奶；鸟类有羽毛；爬行动物有干燥鳞片；两栖动物皮肤湿润，水陆两栖；鱼类有鳃和鳞片。
For invertebrates, think of the major groups: insects (6 legs), arachnids (8 legs), molluscs (soft body, sometimes shell), and crustaceans (hard exoskeleton). 'Insects have six' is a rhyme. Spiders are not insects; they are arachnids with eight legs. Associate 'arachnid' with 'arachnophobia' (fear of spiders) — eight legs.
无脊椎动物主要类群：昆虫（6条腿），蛛形纲（8条腿），软体动物（软体，有时有壳），甲壳动物（硬外骨骼）。“昆虫有六条腿”是个韵句。蜘蛛不是昆虫，是八条腿的蛛形纲动物。把 'arachnid' 和 'arachnophobia' (蜘蛛恐惧症) 联系起来——八条腿。
6. Plant Structure | 植物结构
| Term | English Mnemonic | 中文记忆法 |
|---|---|---|
| Roots | Roots anchor the plant and absorb water. Think of them as the plant's 'feet' and 'drinking straws' going deep into the soil. | 根固定植物并吸收水分。把它们想象成植物的“脚”和深入土壤的“吸管”。 |
| Stem | The stem holds the plant upright and transports substances. Picture a 'sturdy' straw that carries water up and food down. | 茎支撑植物直立并运输物质。想象成一根结实的吸管，把水向上送，养料向下传。 |
| Leaves | Leaves are the food factories. They are flat and green to capture sunlight. Remember 'leaves = light catchers'. | 叶子是食物工厂。它们扁平且绿，用来捕获阳光。记成“叶子 = 光捕捉器”。 |
| Flower | The flower is the reproductive part. 'Flower' rhymes with 'power', the power to make seeds. Petals attract pollinators. | 花是生殖器官。'Flower' 与 'power' 押韵，产生种子的力量。花瓣吸引传粉者。 |
| Pollination | Pollen moves from anther to stigma. Think of 'pollen-ation' — a postal delivery of male cells to the female part. Wind or insects do the job. | 传粉：花粉从花药移到柱头。想象成“花粉快递”把雄性细胞送到雌性部位。风或昆虫完成这项工作。 |
| Fertilisation | Male and female cells join to form a seed. 'Fertil' sounds like 'fertile' — creating new life. After pollination comes fertilisation. | 受精：雄性和雌性细胞结合形成种子。'Fertil' 听起来像 'fertile' (肥沃的)——创造新生命。传粉后发生受精。 |
7. Reproduction Terms | 生殖术语
Sexual reproduction: two parents combine genetic material. Offspring are similar but not identical. Think of it as mixing two recipes to get a slightly different cake.
有性生殖：两个亲本组合遗传物质。后代相似但不完全相同。想象成把两份食谱混合，做出略有不同的蛋糕。
Asexual reproduction: one parent produces identical offspring. 'A' means without sex. A strawberry runner is a good example. It's like photocopying — clones.
无性生殖：一个亲本产生完全相同的后代。'A' 表示无性。草莓的匍匐茎是个好例子。就像影印——克隆。
Gamete: a sex cell. 'Game' sounds like a player; gametes are the players that join. Sperm (male) and egg (female) are gametes.
配子：性细胞。'Gamete' 听起来像游戏玩家；配子就是结合的游戏玩家。精子（雄）和卵细胞（雌）是配子。
Zygote: the first cell of a new organism after fertilisation. 'Zy-' sounds like 'x' (join), 'gote' like 'goat' — a new little life. It's the fertilised egg.
合子：受精后新生命的第一细胞。'Zy-' 听起来像交叉结合，'gote' 像新生小山羊——新生命。就是受精卵。
Germination: when a seed starts to grow. 'Germinate' sounds like 'germinate' — a tiny germ of a plant emerging. Needs water, warmth and oxygen.
萌发：种子开始生长。'Germination' 像“萌芽”——植物的微小胚芽破出。需要水、温度和氧气。
8. Health & Disease Terms | 健康与疾病术语
| Term | English Mnemonic | 中文记忆法 |
|---|---|---|
| Pathogen | 'Path' means disease, 'gen' means producer. A pathogen produces disease. Think 'pathological generator'. Bacteria and viruses are common pathogens. | 'Path' 意为疾病，“gen” 意为制造者。病原体制造疾病。想象成“病理发生器”。细菌和病毒是常见病原体。 |
| Bacteria | Tiny single-celled organisms. Remember 'Bacteria are tiny bac-terriers' — they can be helpful or harmful. Some make yoghurt. | 微小的单细胞生物。记成“细菌像小小的卫士或捣乱者”——有些有用，有些有害。有些用来做酸奶。 |
| Virus | Even smaller than bacteria; they invade cells and make copies. Think of 'virus' like a 'villain' that hijacks your body's computers (cells). | 比细菌更小；入侵细胞并复制。把“病毒”想像成劫持你体内电脑（细胞）的坏蛋。 |
| Immune system | Your body's defence army. 'I'm-mune' sounds like 'I'm immune' — resisting disease. White blood cells are the soldiers. | 身体的防御部队。'Immune' 听起来像“我已免疫”——抵抗疾病。白细胞就是士兵。 |
| Vaccine | A weakened or dead pathogen used to train the immune system. 'Vaccine' comes from 'vaca' (cow) — historical link to cowpox. It's a practice drill. | 用减毒或灭活病原体训练免疫系统。'Vaccine' 源自 'vaca' (牛)——历史上与牛痘有关。这像一次演习训练。 |
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