📚 Year 7 WJEC Engineering: Quick Guide to Key Vocabulary and Terms | Year 7 WJEC 工程：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your WJEC Year 7 Engineering journey! This guide is designed to help you master the essential vocabulary you will encounter in lessons, textbooks, and practical tasks. Learning technical words is like picking up the tools of the trade – the sooner you know them, the easier it becomes to understand instructions, communicate your ideas, and solve problems. In this article, we will break down key terms into logical groups, provide simple definitions, and share memory tricks to make revision stick. By the end, you will feel confident with the language of engineering and ready to apply it in the workshop and exam.
欢迎踏上 WJEC 七年级工程学习之旅！本指南旨在帮助你掌握在课堂、教材和实践任务中必备的核心词汇。学习技术术语如同掌握行业工具——越早熟悉它们，你就越容易理解指令、表达自己的想法并解决问题。在本文中，我们将关键术语划分为清晰的类别，提供简明定义，并分享记忆窍门，让复习内容牢固留在脑中。读完本文后，你将自信地运用工程语言，在车间和考试中如鱼得水。
1. Introduction to Engineering Terminology | 工程术语入门
Engineering has its own language, full of precise words that describe materials, processes, shapes, and actions. As a Year 7 student, you will begin by learning the most common terms you will hear every day in the workshop. These include words like 'specification', 'prototype', 'component', and 'tolerance'. Knowing them helps you read technical drawings, write design briefs, and follow safety rules. Start by creating flashcards – write the term on one side and the definition plus a simple sketch on the other.
工程学科有自己的一套语言，充满了描述材料、工艺、形状和动作的精确词汇。作为七年级学生，你首先会学习每天在车间里听到的最常见术语，例如“规格”、“原型”、“元件”和“公差”。掌握它们能帮助你读懂技术图纸、撰写设计简报，并遵守安全规范。可以先制作闪卡——一面写术语，另一面写定义，并附上简易草图。
Key terms: Engineered product, design brief, evaluation. An engineered product is any item made by applying scientific and technical knowledge. A design brief is a clear statement of what you are going to design and make. Evaluation means looking back at your finished work to judge how well it meets the brief.
关键术语：工程产品、设计简报、评估。工程产品是指运用科学和技术知识制造的任何物品。设计简报是一份清晰的声明，说明你打算设计和制作什么。评估是指回顾你完成的作品，判断它在多大程度上达到了简报的要求。
2. Materials and Properties | 材料与特性
Choosing the right material is one of the first decisions an engineer makes. Materials are grouped into categories such as metals (ferrous and non-ferrous), polymers, woods (hardwoods and softwoods), composites, and ceramics. Each material has properties – words that describe how it behaves, like 'hardness', 'toughness', 'brittleness', 'ductility', 'malleability', and 'conductivity'. For example, copper is ductile and a good electrical conductor, which is why it is used in wiring. Acrylic is a thermoplastic polymer that can be bent when heated and is often used for school projects.
选择正确的材料是工程师最初的决定之一。材料按类别划分，如金属（黑色金属和有色金属）、聚合物、木材（硬木和软木）、复合材料和陶瓷。每种材料都有多种特性——描述其行为方式的词汇，例如“硬度”、“韧性”、“脆性”、“延展性”、“可锻性”和“导电性”。例如，铜具有延展性且是良好的电导体，因此用于电线和电缆。亚克力是一种热塑性聚合物，加热后可弯曲，常用于学校项目。
A simple way to remember material properties is to link each word to a real-world action: Malleability – hammering into shape (think of gold leaf). Ductility – pulling into a wire (think of copper). Brittleness – shattering when dropped (like glass). Use the phrase 'My Dear Brown Cat' to recall Malleability, Ductility, Brittleness, Conductivity.
记忆材料特性的简单方法是将每个单词与一个真实动作联系起来：可锻性——锤打成一定形状（想象金箔）。延展性——拉成丝（想象铜丝）。脆性——掉落后碎裂（如玻璃）。使用短语“My Dear Brown Cat”来回忆 Malleability, Ductility, Brittleness, Conductivity。
3. Tools and Equipment | 工具与设备
In the workshop, you will handle a range of hand tools and machine tools. Knowing their names and functions is vital for safety and accuracy. Common measuring and marking-out tools include the steel rule, try square, scriber, and dividers. Cutting tools include the junior hacksaw, tenon saw, and bench shears. Shaping tools include the flat file, half-round file, and abrasive paper. Always refer to tools by their correct names – for instance, the 'engineer's vice' secures work, while 'G-clamp' holds pieces to the bench.
在车间里，你将使用各种手工具和机床。了解它们的名称和功能对安全和精确操作至关重要。常见的测量和划线工具包括钢板尺、直角尺、划线针和分规。切割工具包括小型钢锯、夹背锯和台剪。整形工具包括平锉、半圆锉和砂纸。务必使用工具的正确名称——例如，“台虎钳”用来固定工件，而“G 形夹”用来将工件固定在工作台上。
Create a labelled diagram of your workshop's tool board in your revision notes. For each tool, write a sentence describing what it does: 'A try square checks if edges are at 90° to each other.' 'A steel rule measures length in millimetres.' This visual and descriptive pairing strengthens memory.
在复习笔记中绘制一张带标注的车间工具板示意图。为每个工具写一句描述其功能的句子：“直角尺用于检查边缘是否互成90度。”“钢板尺以毫米为单位测量长度。”这种视觉与描述结合的方式能加强记忆。
4. Design Process | 设计流程
Engineering design follows a structured process, often shown as a cycle: research, specification, initial ideas, development, prototyping, testing, evaluation, and improvement. WJEC uses the terms 'design brief', 'specification', 'initial design ideas', 'final design', 'plan of manufacture', and 'testing and evaluation'. A specification lists measurable criteria for the product, such as weight, size, cost, and performance. When developing ideas, you use techniques like sketching, CAD (Computer Aided Design), and card modelling to communicate your thoughts.
工程设计遵循一套结构化流程，通常表现为一个循环：调研、规格、初步构思、发展、原型制作、测试、评估和改进。WJEC 会用到“设计简报”、“规格说明”、“初步设计方案”、“最终设计”、“制造计划”以及“测试与评估”等术语。规格说明列出产品的可衡量标准，如重量、尺寸、成本和性能。在构思发展阶段，你将使用草图、CAD（计算机辅助设计）和纸板模型等技巧来表达想法。
To memorise the stages, try the mnemonic 'Rabbits Silently Invent Dancing Penguins In Evening' for Research, Specification, Ideas, Development, Prototyping, Iterate (testing and evaluation). Iterate means repeating the process until the design is right.
记忆这些阶段，可以尝试助记句“Rabbits Silently Invent Dancing Penguins In Evening”，分别代表 Research, Specification, Ideas, Development, Prototyping, Iterate（测试与评估）。迭代意味着重复这一过程，直到设计完善。
5. Measurement and Units | 测量与单位
, and metres (m). Always include the unit when writing a measurement. Key measuring terms: 'accuracy' (how close to the true value), 'precision' (how repeatable your measurement is), 'tolerance' (allowable error range), and 'datum' rom which measurements are taken). In Year 7, you will often work to a tolerance of ±1 mm.
精确性是工程中的一切。你将使用毫米（mm）、厘米（cm）和米（m）。在写下测量值时，始终要带上单位。关键的测量术语有：“准确度”（与真实值的接近程度）、“精密度”（测量值的可重复性）、“公差”（允许的误差范围）和“基准”（测量时参照的参考点或边缘）。在七年级，你通常的工作公差为±1 毫米。
Remember: 'Accuracy is about correctness; Precision is about consistency.' Think of a dartboard – accurate darts are near the bullseye; precise darts are grouped tightly together, even if not near the centre. Always zero your rule from the datum edge to avoid parallax error.
记住：“准确度关乎正确性；精密度关乎一致性。”想象一个飞镖盘——准确的镖靠近靶心；精密的镖紧密聚集在一起，即使远离中心。始终从基准边开始对齐钢板尺的零点，以避免视差误差。
6. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺
Engineering making processes can be put into groups: cutting, shaping, forming, joining, and finishing. Cutting includes sawing, shearing, and drilling. Shaping includes filing, planing, and turning (on a lathe). Forming includes bending and vacuum forming. Joining includes using adhesives, soldering, nuts and bolts, and rivets. Finishing includes sanding, painting, and polishing to protect the surface and improve appearance.
工程制造工艺可分为几类：切割、成形、塑形、连接和表面处理。切割包括锯削、剪切和钻孔。成形包括锉削、刨削和车削（在车床上进行）。塑形包括折弯和真空成型。连接包括使用粘合剂、焊接、螺栓螺母和铆钉。表面处理包括打磨、涂漆和抛光，以保护表面并改善外观。
A helpful drill: associate each process with the workshop equipment. 'I file with a flat file, I saw with a hacksaw.' Use the acronym 'CJ FiSh' (Cutting, Joining, Forming, Shaping) to categorise any making step you see in a plan of manufacture. Also, know the difference between a 'temporary' joint (nuts and bolts) and a 'permanent' joint (adhesive, rivet, solder).
一个有用的练习：将每种工艺与车间设备联系起来。“我用平锉锉削，我用钢锯锯切。”使用首字母缩写“CJ FiSh”（Cutting, Joining, Forming, Shaping）来对制造计划中的任何制作步骤进行分类。此外，要了解“临时”连接（螺栓螺母）和“永久”连接（粘合剂、铆钉、焊接）的区别。
7. Health and Safety | 健康与安全
Safety vocabulary is non-negotiable in the workshop. You must know words like 'PPE' (Personal Protective Equipment), which includes safety goggles, apron, and sometimes ear defenders. Other terms: 'risk assessment' – identifying what could cause harm; 'hazard' – something with potential to cause harm (e.g., a sharp blade); 'safe procedure' – the correct way to use equipment; 'emergency stop' – button to instantly cut power. Always spot the signs: prohibition (red circle with slash), mandatory (blue circle), warning (yellow triangle).
在车间，安全词汇不容忽视。你必须了解“PPE”（个人防护装备）等词语，包括安全护目镜、工作围裙，有时还要佩戴耳罩。其他术语：“风险评估”——识别可能造成伤害的因素；“危险源”——具有造成伤害潜能的物体（如锋利的刀片）；“安全操作规程”——正确使用设备的方式；“紧急停止按钮”——用于立即切断电源的按钮。务必识别安全标志：禁止标志（红色圆圈加斜杠）、指令标志（蓝色圆形）、警告标志（黄色三角形）。
Use the sentence 'Pandas Risk Huge Storms' for PPE, Risk assessment, Hazard, Safe procedure. Also, learn the safety rules rhyme: 'Hair tied back, apron on, goggles worn until the job is done.'
使用句子“Pandas Risk Huge Storms”来记忆 PPE, Risk assessment, Hazard, Safe procedure。同时，学习安全规则歌谣：“头发扎好，围裙系牢，护目镜戴上直到工作结束。”
8. Electronics Basics | 电子基础
Year 7 electronics introduces circuits and components. Essential terms: 'circuit' – a closed loop allowing electricity to flow; 'conductor' – material that lets current through (copper); 'insulator' – stops current (PVC plastic); 'switch' – breaks or completes the circuit; 'LED' (Light Emitting Diode) – lights up when current flows one way; 'resistor' – reduces current; 'series circuit' – components in a single loop; 'parallel circuit' – branches providing separate paths. Learn the symbols for battery, bulb, switch, resistor, and LED as they appear in WJEC diagrams.
七年级电子课程会介绍电路和元器件。基本术语：“电路”——允许电流流通的闭合回路；“导体”——允许电流通过的材料（铜）；“绝缘体”——阻止电流通过的材料（聚氯乙烯塑料）；“开关”——断开或闭合电路；“LED”（发光二极管）——当电流单向流过时发光；“电阻器”——减小电流；“串联电路”——所有元件在单一回路中；“并联电路”——分支提供独立路径。学习 WJEC 电路图中出现的电池、灯泡、开关、电阻器和 LED 符号。
To remember component symbols, draw a circuit and label each part. Use 'Cats Sit In Parallel' to recall that in parallel circuits, components sit on separate branches. In series, there is only one path – think of a single railway track.
要记住元件符号，可以画一个电路并标注各个部分。用“Cats Sit In Parallel”来回忆并联电路中元件在不同支路上。串联只有一条路径——想象一条单轨铁路。
9. Mechanics and Forces | 力学与力
Forces are pushes or pulls that can change an object's motion or shape. Key terms include: 'load' – the force applied to a structure or part; 'tension' – pulling force; 'compression' – pushing force; 'shear' – force that causes layers to slide past each other; 'torsion' – twisting force. Levers and linkages will also appear: a 'lever' pivots around a fulcrum to move a load with effort. 'Mechanism' refers to the parts that transmit and control motion.
力是能够改变物体运动或形状的推或拉。关键术语包括：“载荷”——施加在结构或部件上的力；“拉伸”——拉力；“压缩”——推力；“剪切”——导致层间滑动的力；“扭转”——扭力。杠杆和连杆机构也会出现：“杠杆”绕支点转动，用动力臂移动负载。“机构”指传递和控制运动的零件组合。
Visualise each force type: tension – pull a rubber band; compression – squeeze a spring; shear – cut paper with scissors (blades slide); torsion – twist a towel. Mnemonic: 'Twisted Cats Sit Pretty' for Torsion, Compression, Shear, Tension (though order may vary).
将每种力形象化：拉伸——拉长橡皮筋；压缩——挤压弹簧；剪切——用剪刀剪纸（刀刃相对滑动）；扭转——拧毛巾。助记句：“Twisted Cats Sit Pretty”对应扭转、压缩、剪切、拉伸。
10. Energy and Power | 能源与动力
Engineering systems use energy to do work. Energy can be stored (potential) or moving (kinetic). In Year 7, you'll meet 'renewable' sources (solar, wind, hydro) and 'non-renewable' (fossil fuels). 'Power' is the rate at which energy is transferred or converted, measured in watts. A 'motor' converts electrical energy into rotary motion. A 'generator' does the opposite. When evaluating a product, you may discuss 'efficiency' – how well energy input is converted into useful output.
工程系统使用能量来做功。能量可以存储（势能）或运动（动能）。在七年级，你会接触到“可再生”能源（太阳能、风能、水能）和“不可再生”能源（化石燃料）。“功率”是能量转换或传递的速率，单位为瓦特。“马达”将电能转化为旋转运动，“发电机”则相反。在评估产品时，你可能会讨论“效率”——输入能量转化为有用输出的程度。
Remember the difference: Energy is how much work can be done; Power is how fast you do that work. A strong person and a small person can lift the same box (same energy), but the strong person lifts it faster (more power). Use the phrase 'Every Powerful Motor Generates' to connect Energy, Power, Motor, Generator.
记住区别：能量表示能做多少功；功率表示做功的快慢。一个强壮的人和一个瘦小的人都能举起同一个箱子（相同的能量），但强壮的人举得更快（更大的功率）。使用短语“Every Powerful Motor Generates”来联系 Energy, Power, Motor, Generator。
11. Communication in Engineering | 工程沟通
Engineers must communicate ideas clearly through drawing and writing. Technical drawing terms include: 'orthographic' – a series of 2D views (front, side, plan); 'isometric' – a 3D view drawn at 30° angles; 'dimension' – a measured size shown on a drawing; 'scale' – ratio of drawing size to real size; 'annotation' – notes added to explain features. In written work, use 'exploded diagram' to show how parts fit together and 'flowchart' to illustrate a process.
工程师必须通过绘图和文字清晰地表达想法。技术绘图术语包括：“正投影”——一系列二维视图（前视图、侧视图、俯视图）；“等角投影”——以30度角绘制的三维视图；“尺寸”——图纸上标注的测量数据；“比例”——图纸尺寸与实物尺寸之比；“注释”——为说明特征而添加的文字。在书面作业中，使用“分解图”来表示零件是如何组装的，用“流程图”来说明过程。
Practice drawing simple blocks in orthographic and isometric. To recall the angle for isometric, think '3D at 30°'. For orthographic, remember 'Front, Side, Plan' – and always align the views correctly: side view to the right of front, plan on top.
练习绘制简单块体的正投影和等角投影图。要记住等角投影的角度，可以想“3D at 30°”。对于正投影，记住“前视图、侧视图、俯视图”——并始终保持正确的视图对齐：侧视图放在前视图的右侧，俯视图放在顶部。
12. Revision Tips and Mnemonics Masterclass | 复习技巧与记忆术大师课
Now that you have a bank of terms, the final step is to lock them into long-term memory. Use active recall: test yourself without looking at notes. Create mind maps connecting related terms – for example, link 'malleability' to 'hammer', 'non-ferrous metal', and 'aluminium'. Teach a classmate or family member; explaining out loud is a powerful way to reinforce learning. Design a quiz with definitions and ask someone to test you.
现在你已拥有术语库，最后一步是将它们锁定在长期记忆中。使用主动回忆法：在不看笔记的情况下自我测试。绘制思维导图，将相关术语连接起来——例如，将“可锻性”与“锤子”、“有色金属”、“铝”联系起来。教一位同学或家人；大声解释是巩固学习的有力方法。设计一份定义测试卷，请别人来考你。
Throughout this guide, we have offered mnemonics: 'Rabbits Silently Invent Dancing Penguins In Evening' for the design process; 'Twisted Cats Sit Pretty' for forces; 'My Dear Brown Cat' for material properties. Build your own mnemonics too. The sillier the image, the better it sticks. And remember – revision is not just reading; it is doing, drawing, and speaking.
本指南中提供了多种记忆术：设计流程的“Rabbits Silently Invent Dancing Penguins In Evening”；力的“Twisted Cats Sit Pretty”；材料特性的“My Dear Brown Cat”。你也可以构建自己的记忆口诀。想象越夸张，记忆越牢固。请记住——复习不仅仅是阅读，更是动手、画图和开口表达。
Published by TutorHao | WJEC Year 7 Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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