📚 Year 7 WJEC PE: Key Vocabulary Quick Reference Guide | Year 7 WJEC 体育：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the language of Physical Education is the first step towards improving both performance and understanding in Year 7 WJEC PE. This guide organises essential vocabulary into clear, bite-sized categories, pairing English terms with their Chinese equivalents and simple definitions, so you can memorise them faster and apply them with confidence during lessons and assessments.
掌握体育学科的语言是提高 Year 7 WJEC 体育表现力和理解力的第一步。本指南将核心词汇按照清晰、易消化的类别进行整理，并为每个英文术语配对了中文释义和简洁定义，帮助你更快记忆，并在课堂和测评中自信运用。
1. Movement and Actions | 动作与行为术语
Understanding how to describe movement is fundamental. These terms often appear in warm-ups, skill drills, and feedback from your teacher.
理解如何描述动作是基础。这些术语常出现在热身、技能练习和老师的反馈中。
- Locomotion – moving from one place to another.
位移 – 从一个地方移动到另一个地方。 - Agility – the ability to change direction quickly while staying in control.
灵敏性 – 快速改变方向同时保持控制的能力。 - Rotation – turning around a central point or axis.
旋转 – 围绕中心点或轴转动。 - Extension – straightening or stretching a body part.
伸展 – 伸直或拉伸身体某部位。 - Flexion – bending a joint to decrease the angle.
屈曲 – 弯曲关节使角度变小。
2. Body Parts and Major Muscles | 身体部位与主要肌肉
Knowing the names of key muscles helps you target training and prevent injury. In WJEC PE you will often refer to these when analysing movement.
了解主要肌肉的名称有助于进行针对性训练和预防受伤。在 WJEC 体育课程中，分析动作时你会经常用到这些词。
| English | 中文 | Simple definition |
|---|---|---|
| Biceps | 肱二头肌 | Front of upper arm, bends the elbow |
| Triceps | 肱三头肌 | Back of upper arm, straightens the elbow |
| Quadriceps | 股四头肌 | Front of thigh, straightens the knee |
| Hamstrings | 腘绳肌 | Back of thigh, bends the knee |
| Abdominals | 腹肌 | Stomach muscles, help posture and core strength |
3. Components of Fitness | 体适能要素
Fitness is split into health-related and skill-related components. These are the building blocks of any training programme and are assessed through fitness tests.
体适能分为健康相关和技能相关两大类。这些要素是任何训练计划的基础，并会通过体适能测试进行评估。
- Cardiovascular endurance – ability of heart and lungs to supply oxygen during exercise.
心血管耐力 – 运动时心、肺为身体供氧的能力。 - Muscular strength – the maximum force a muscle can exert.
肌肉力量 – 肌肉能产生的最大力。 - Flexibility – range of movement around a joint.
柔韧性 – 关节的活动范围。 - Balance – keeping the body stable whether still or moving.
平衡能力 – 静止或运动中保持身体稳定。 - Coordination – using two or more body parts smoothly together.
协调性 – 两个或多个身体部位顺畅配合。 - Speed – how fast you can move.
速度 – 身体移动的快慢。
4. Principles of Training | 训练原则
To improve fitness safely, you need to follow these principles. The acronyms FITT and SPORT are especially important in WJEC PE.
想要安全地提升体适能，你需要遵循这些原则。在 WJEC 体育中，FITT 和 SPORT 是两个特别重要的缩写词。
- FITT – Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type (of exercise).
FITT 原则 – 频率、强度、时间、类型（运动类型）。 - Frequency – how often you train.
频率 – 训练频次。 - Intensity – how hard you work.
强度 – 训练时的努力程度。 - Time – how long each session lasts.
时间 – 每次训练的持续时间。 - Type – what kind of exercise you do.
类型 – 你进行的运动种类。 - Specificity – training must match your sport or goal.
针对性 – 训练必须与你的运动项目或目标相符。 - Progressive overload – gradually increasing stress on the body to improve.
渐进性超负荷 – 逐渐增加身体负荷以取得进步。
5. Sports Skills and Technique | 运动技能与技术
When learning any sport, you move through stages of skill development. These terms describe how you control and refine your movements.
学习任何运动时，都会经历技能发展的不同阶段。这些术语描述了你如何控制和完善自己的动作。
- Technique – the correct way to perform a skill.
技术 – 完成一项技能的正确方法。 - Open skill – performed in a changing environment (e.g. a pass in football).
开放式技能 – 在变化的环境中完成的技能（例如足球传球）。 - Closed skill – performed in a predictable, stable environment (e.g. a free throw in netball).
闭锁式技能 – 在可预测的稳定环境中完成的技能（例如篮网球罚球）。 - Gross motor skill – involves large muscle groups (e.g. running).
大肌肉群动作技能 – 动用大肌肉群的技能（例如跑步）。 - Fine motor skill – uses small muscles with precision (e.g. a dart throw).
精细动作技能 – 精准动用小肌肉的技能（例如掷飞镖）。
6. Health, Safety and Injury Prevention | 健康、安全与损伤预防
Staying safe is just as important as performing well. These terms will help you understand how to prepare your body and reduce risks.
保持安全和表现优异同样重要。这些术语能帮助你理解如何让身体做好准备并降低风险。
- Warm-up – gentle exercise to prepare the body for activity.
热身 – 为活动做准备的轻度运动。 - Cool-down – light exercise after activity to help recovery.
整理运动 – 活动后进行的轻度运动，有助于恢复。 - RICE – Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (first aid for soft tissue injuries).
RICE 原则 – 休息、冰敷、加压、抬高（软组织损伤急救方法）。 - Hydration – taking in enough water before, during and after exercise.
补水 – 运动前、中、后摄入足够水分。 - Overuse injury – damage caused by repeating the same movement too often.
过度使用性损伤 – 因同一动作重复过度而造成的损伤。
7. Team Sports Terminology | 团队运动术语
Team games use a shared vocabulary for tactics and positions. Mastering these words will improve your communication on the pitch or court.
团队运动在战术和位置方面有一套共通的词汇。掌握这些词语能提升你在场上的沟通能力。
- Attack / Offence – trying to score points or goals.
进攻 – 试图得分或进球。 - Defence – trying to stop the opposition from scoring.
防守 – 阻止对方得分。 - Marking – staying close to an opponent to prevent them from receiving the ball.
盯人防守 – 紧贴对手使其难以接球。 - Possession – when your team has control of the ball.
控球权 – 本方队伍控制球权的状态。 - Tackle – trying to win the ball from an opponent.
抢断 – 努力从对手脚下夺得球权。 - Formation – how players are arranged on the field (e.g. 4-4-2 in football).
阵型 – 球员在场上排列的形式（例如足球中的 4-4-2）。
8. Individual Sports and Athletics Vocabulary | 个人运动与田径词汇
Even in individual sports, you need precise words to describe performance. These terms appear frequently in athletics, gymnastics, and swimming.
即使是在个人运动中，也需要准确的用词来描述表现。以下术语经常出现在田径、体操和游泳项目中。
- Pacing – controlling speed to maintain energy over a distance.
配速 – 控制速度以在整个距离中保持能量。 - Streamlining – making the body shape as smooth as possible to reduce drag (in swimming).
流线型 – 使身体形态尽可能平滑以减少阻力（游泳中）。 - Take-off – the moment you leave the ground in a jump.
起跳 – 跳跃中离开地面的瞬间。 - Landing – how you return to the ground after a jump or vault.
落地 – 跳跃或跳马后回到地面的方式。 - Stamina – another word for endurance; the ability to keep going.
耐力 – 持久进行活动的能力。
9. Anatomy Basics: Bones and Joints | 基础解剖：骨骼与关节
Your skeleton provides the framework for movement. Learning the names of major bones and joints helps you understand how levers work in the body.
骨骼为运动提供了框架。学习主要骨骼和关节的名称有助于你理解杠杆在人体中的工作原理。
| English | 中文 | Joint type / function |
|---|---|---|
| Femur | 股骨 | Thigh bone; longest bone in the body |
| Tibia | 胫骨 | Shin bone; bears weight |
| Humerus | 肱骨 | Upper arm bone |
| Ball and socket joint | 球窝关节 | Allows movement in many directions (shoulder, hip) |
| Hinge joint | 铰链关节 | Allows bending and straightening (elbow, knee) |
10. Feedback and Self-Assessment | 反馈与自我评估
In PE, you are often asked to evaluate your own performance or that of others. These words help you give clear, helpful feedback.
在体育课上，你经常需要评估自己或他人的表现。以下词语能帮助你给出清晰而有帮助的反馈。
- Self-assessment – judging your own strengths and areas to improve.
自我评估 – 判断自己的优势和需要改进的地方。 - Peer feedback – advice from a classmate about your performance.
同伴反馈 – 同学对你的表现提出的建议。 - Qualitative – described in words, not numbers (e.g. 'your footwork was quick').
定性评价 – 用文字而非数字来描述（例如“你的脚步很快”）。 - Quantitative – measured with numbers (e.g. 'you ran 100 m in 14 seconds').
定量评价 – 用数字来衡量（例如“你 100 米跑了 14 秒”）。 - Target setting – choosing a specific goal to work towards.
设定目标 – 选择一个具体的目标去努力实现。
11. Energy Systems and Heart Rate | 能量系统与心率
As you exercise, your body uses different ways to produce energy. Monitoring your heart rate helps you know how hard you are working.
运动时，身体会通过不同的方式产生能量。监测心率能帮助你了解自己的运动强度。
- Heart rate – the number of times your heart beats per minute (bpm).
心率 – 心脏每分钟跳动的次数 (bpm)。 - Resting heart rate – your heart rate when you are completely at rest.
静息心率 – 完全休息时的心率。 - Maximum heart rate – roughly calculated as 220 – your age.
最大心率 – 粗略计算公式为 220 减去年龄。 - Aerobic – exercise with oxygen; low to moderate intensity, lasts longer.
有氧运动 – 有氧气参与的运动；中低强度，持续时间较长。 - Anaerobic – exercise without oxygen; high intensity, short bursts.
无氧运动 – 无氧气参与的运动；高强度、短时间爆发。
12. Exam Command Words | 考试指令词
WJEC exam questions often use specific command words. Knowing exactly what they mean will help you write better answers.
WJEC 的考试题目经常使用特定的指令词。准确理解它们的含义能帮你写出更好的答案。
- State – give a brief, clear answer.
陈述 – 给出简洁明确的答案。 - Describe – give details of what something is like.
描述 – 详细说明某事物的特征。 - Explain – give reasons why or how something happens.
解释 – 给出某件事为什么会发生或如何发生的原因。 - Evaluate – discuss strengths and weaknesses, then give a conclusion.
评价 – 讨论优缺点，然后给出结论。 - Justify – provide evidence or reasons to support a choice.
论证 – 提供证据或理由来支持自己的选择。
Keep this guide handy during your revision. Saying the words aloud and linking each term to a real PE situation will lock them into your memory even faster. Your vocabulary is your tool kit – the more words you master, the more precisely you can think, perform, and write about sport.
复习时把这份指南放在手边。大声朗读这些词语，并把每一个术语与实际体育场景联系起来，会让它们更快地印在你的记忆中。你的词汇量就是你的工具箱——掌握的词汇越多，你就能越精准地思考、表现和书写体育方面的内容。
Published by TutorHao | PE Revision Series | aleveler.com
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