📚 Year 7 WJEC PE: In-Depth Analysis of Past Exam Questions | Year 7 WJEC 体育：历年真题深度解析
Welcome to this in-depth review of typical Year 7 WJEC Physical Education exam questions. By dissecting common question types, model answers and examiner expectations, you will gain confidence in topics ranging from warm-ups and fitness components to bones and safety. Each section pairs a likely exam question with a clear explanation, helping you understand exactly what gains marks.
欢迎阅读这篇Year 7 WJEC体育历年真题深度解析。通过剖析常见题型、标准答案和考官的要求，你将对热身、体能要素、骨骼、安全等主题充满信心。每个部分都配对一个可能的考题并给出清晰解释，帮助你准确理解如何得分。
1. Understanding Warm-Ups | 理解热身活动
Typical question: Explain why an athlete should complete a warm-up before a 100-metre sprint. (3 marks)
典型问题：解释为什么运动员在100米短跑前应完成热身活动。(3分)
One key reason is to gradually raise the heart rate, which increases blood flow to the working muscles. This delivers more oxygen and removes waste products more efficiently once the sprint begins.
一个关键原因是逐步提高心率，从而增加流向工作肌肉的血流量。这样可以在短跑开始时更高效地输送氧气并清除代谢废物。
Warm-up activities also increase muscle temperature, making muscles more pliable and reducing the risk of strains or tears during explosive movements.
热身活动还能提高肌肉温度，使肌肉更具柔韧性，并在做爆发性动作时降低拉伤或撕裂的风险。
Finally, a warm-up improves the speed of nerve impulses, which enhances reaction time and coordination – both vital for a fast start in a sprint.
最后，热身能加快神经冲动的传导速度，从而提高反应时间和协调性——这对短跑快速起跑至关重要。
2. Components of Fitness | 体能要素
Typical question: Identify two health-related components of fitness and give a sporting example for each. (4 marks)
典型问题：说出两项健康相关体能要素，并各举一个运动例子。(4分)
Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the muscles over a long period. A marathon runner relies heavily on this component.
心血管耐力是指心脏和肺部长时间为肌肉供氧的能力。马拉松运动员非常依赖这一要素。
Muscular strength is the maximum force a muscle or muscle group can exert in a single effort. A weightlifter performing a clean and jerk demonstrates high muscular strength.
肌肉力量是指肌肉或肌群在一次收缩中能产生的最大力量。举重运动员完成挺举时展示了极高的肌肉力量。
Flexibility, the range of motion around a joint, is another health-related component. A gymnast performing the splits requires exceptional flexibility.
柔韧性，即关节的活动范围，是另一项健康相关要素。体操运动员做劈叉时需要出色的柔韧性。
3. The Skeletal System – Bones and Functions | 骨骼系统——骨骼与功能
Typical question: Name three bones found in the leg and state one function of the skeleton. (4 marks)
典型问题：说出腿部的三块骨骼，并说明骨骼的一项功能。(4分)
The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest bone in the body. The tibia and the smaller fibula are located in the lower leg. All three are essential for weight-bearing and locomotion.
股骨（大腿骨）是人体最长的骨骼。胫骨和较细的腓骨位于小腿。这三块骨对于承重和运动至关重要。
A vital function of the skeleton is protection – for example, the rib cage protects the heart and lungs, while the skull encases the brain.
骨骼的一项重要功能是保护——例如，肋骨保护心脏和肺，而颅骨包裹着大脑。
Other functions include support, giving the body its shape and providing a framework for muscle attachment, and the production of blood cells in the bone marrow.
其他功能包括支撑，赋予身体外形并为肌肉附着提供框架，以及骨髓内的血细胞生成。
4. Muscles and Movement – Antagonistic Pairs | 肌肉与运动——拮抗肌对
Typical question: Describe how the biceps and triceps work together to flex the elbow. (2 marks)
典型问题：描述肱二头肌和肱三头肌如何协同工作使肘关节屈曲。(2分)
To flex the elbow, the biceps contracts and shortens, acting as the agonist (prime mover). At the same time, the triceps relaxes and lengthens, acting as the antagonist.
要做肘关节屈曲，肱二头肌收缩变短，充当主动肌。与此同时，肱三头肌放松并拉长，充当拮抗肌。
This coordinated pairing prevents injury and allows smooth, controlled movement. The roles reverse when extending the elbow: the triceps becomes the agonist and the biceps relaxes.
这种协调配对可防止受伤并保证动作流畅、可控。伸肘时角色互换：肱三头肌变成主动肌，肱二头肌放松。
5. Safety in Sport – Risk Assessment | 运动安全——风险评估
Typical question: A student is about to take part in a javelin lesson. List two safety precautions they must follow and explain why each is important. (4 marks)
典型问题：一个学生即将参加标枪课。列出两项必须遵守的安全预防措施，并解释每项的重要性。(4分)
Always throw javelins in a designated direction and only on the teacher's command. This prevents javelins from landing near other students who might be retrieving equipment, reducing the risk of serious injury.
务必在指定方向投掷，且仅在教师口令下投掷。这能防止标枪落在可能正在捡器材的其他同学附近，降低严重受伤的风险。
Never run to collect a javelin; walk and carry it vertically with the point down. Carrying it in this way ensures that if you stumble, the point will strike the ground instead of another person.
切勿跑去捡标枪；应步行并将标枪垂直拿持、枪尖朝下。这样携带可以确保一旦绊倒，枪尖会插入地面而不会刺到他人。
A final check that the throwing area is clear of obstacles and that non-participants stand well behind the thrower further minimises danger.
最后检查投掷区无障碍物，且非参与者应站在投掷者身后远距离处，可进一步降低危险。
6. Rules and Fair Play | 规则与公平竞赛
Typical question: Explain what is meant by 'sportsmanship' and give one example from a team game. (2 marks)
典型问题：解释“体育精神”的含义，并举一个团体项目的例子。(2分)
Sportsmanship means playing fairly, respecting opponents and officials, and showing grace in both victory and defeat. It goes beyond simply following the written rules.
体育精神意味着公平比赛、尊重对手和裁判员，并在胜负中都能保持风度。它超越了仅仅遵守成文规则。
An example from football is when a player intentionally kicks the ball out of play so an injured opponent can receive treatment, and the opponents return the ball after the stoppage.
足球中的一个例子是球员故意将球踢出界外，以便受伤的对方球员接受治疗，而对手在暂停后将球权归还。
This action is not required by the rules but demonstrates respect and empathy – the core of sportsmanship. It also encourages a positive atmosphere and reduces conflict.
这一行为并非规则要求，却体现了尊重与同理心——体育精神的核心。它还能营造积极氛围并减少冲突。
7. Skill Acquisition – Feedback and Practice | 技能习得——反馈与练习
Typical question: A coach gives a beginner gymnast verbal feedback on a forward roll. Suggest what this feedback might include and why it is helpful. (3 marks)
典型问题：教练对一名初学体操的运动员的前滚翻给出语言反馈。说明这种反馈可能包含什么内容，以及为什么有帮助。(3分)
The feedback might be 'tuck your chin to your chest more tightly to protect your neck'. This gives the gymnast a clear, specific cue to correct the dangerous fault.
反馈可能是“把下巴更紧地贴向胸口以保护颈部”。这给了体操运动员一个明确、具体的提示，以纠正危险错误。
It could also be 'push harder with your hands to create a rounder shape'. Such external cues help the beginner focus on a movement outcome rather than overthinking body parts.
也可能是“双手更用力推地，做出更圆润的形状”。这种外部提示帮助初学者专注于动作结果，而不是过度思考身体部位。
Immediate feedback after an attempt allows the learner to make adjustments while the feeling of the movement is fresh. This accelerates skill development and builds confidence.
在尝试后立即给予反馈，可以让学习者在动作感觉仍鲜明时做出调整。这能加速技能发展并建立信心。
8. Immediate Effects of Exercise | 运动的即时效果
Typical question: While running, an athlete notices their face is red and they are sweating. Explain the physiological reasons for these changes. (3 marks)
典型问题：跑步时，运动员发现脸变红了并且出汗。解释这些变化的生理原因。(3分)
The reddening of the skin is caused by vasodilation: blood vessels near the skin's surface widen to allow more warm blood to flow close to the air. This helps the body lose heat and regulate core temperature.
皮肤变红是由血管舒张引起的：靠近皮肤表面的血管扩张，让更多温热血液流向身体表面与空气接触，帮助身体散热并调节核心温度。
Sweating is the body's main cooling mechanism. As sweat evaporates from the skin, it takes heat energy away, cooling the body down. If the humidity is high, evaporation is slower and cooling is less effective.
出汗是身体的主要降温机制。汗水从皮肤蒸发时带走热能，从而冷却身体。如果湿度高，蒸发缓慢，降温效果会变差。
Heart rate and breathing rate also increase immediately to deliver more oxygen to the working muscles and to remove carbon dioxide, supporting sustained exercise.
心率和呼吸频率也会立即加快，以便向工作肌肉输送更多氧气并清除二氧化碳，为持续运动提供支持。
9. Nutrition and Hydration for Performance | 营养与补水对运动表现的影响
Typical question: A tennis player has a match in hot weather. Suggest what they should eat and drink beforehand and explain your choices. (4 marks)
典型问题：一名网球运动员要在炎热天气下比赛。建议他/她赛前应吃什么、喝什么，并解释你的选择。(4分)
They should consume a carbohydrate-rich meal such as pasta or rice about 2-3 hours before the match. Carbohydrates are the body's preferred fuel for moderate to high-intensity exercise and are stored as glycogen in muscles and the liver.
他们应在赛前2-3小时吃一顿富含碳水化合物的食物，比如意大利面或米饭。碳水化合物是身体进行中高强度运动时优先使用的燃料，并以糖原形式储存在肌肉和肝脏中。
For hydration, water is essential, but in hot weather an isotonic sports drink can be beneficial. It replaces fluids and electrolytes (sodium, potassium) lost through sweat, helping to prevent cramp and maintain fluid balance.
补水方面，水是必须的，但在炎热天气下，等渗运动饮料也很有益。它可以补充因出汗流失的液体和电解质（钠、钾），有助于防止抽筋并维持体液平衡。
Avoiding fatty or very high-fibre foods just before the match is wise, as they digest slowly and could cause stomach discomfort during intense rallying.
赛前避免高脂肪或高纤维食物是明智的，因为它们消化缓慢，可能在激烈对打中引起胃部不适。
10. Cool Down and Recovery | 整理活动与恢复
Typical question: After a cross-country race, an athlete jogs slowly for five minutes and then stretches. Explain the purpose of this cool down. (3 marks)
典型问题：越野跑比赛后，运动员慢跑五分钟然后进行拉伸。解释这种整理活动的目的。(3分)
The gradual decrease in intensity helps the heart rate and breathing return to resting levels slowly. If exercise stops abruptly, blood can pool in the legs, which may cause dizziness.
逐渐降低运动强度有助于心率和呼吸缓慢恢复到静息水平。如果运动突然停止，血液可能滞留在腿部，导致头晕。
Active cool-down aids the removal of lactic acid and other waste products from the muscles. This reduces stiffness and soreness the next day (DOMS).
积极整理活动有助于清除肌肉中的乳酸和其他代谢废物。这能减少第二天的僵硬和酸痛（延迟性肌肉酸痛）。
Static stretching during the cool-down helps relax the muscles, returns them to their resting length, and improves or maintains flexibility. It also promotes mental relaxation after intense effort.
整理活动中的静态拉伸有助于放松肌肉，使其恢复静息长度，并改善或保持柔韧性。它还能帮助高强度运动后精神得到放松。
11. Joint Movements and Sporting Actions | 关节运动与体育动作
Typical question: A basketball player jumps to shoot. Identify the type of joint at the knee and the movement that occurs at the ankle during take-off. (2 marks)
典型问题：一名篮球运动员跳起投篮。指出膝关节属于哪种关节类型，以及蹬地起跳时踝关节发生的运动。(2分)
The knee is a hinge joint, which allows flexion and extension in one plane, similar to the hinge on a door. This provides stability during the powerful extension needed to jump.
膝关节是一种铰链关节，它允许在一个平面上做屈伸运动，就像门上的合页。这为起跳所需的有力伸展提供了稳定性。
At the ankle, the movement during take-off is plantarflexion – pointing the toes downward. This action is powered by the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) and generates the final push against the floor.
起跳时，踝关节发生的运动是跖屈——即脚趾向下。这个动作由小腿肌肉（腓肠肌和比目鱼肌）发力，产生离地前的最终推力。
Recognising joint types and movement terms helps students analyse technique, prevent injury, and apply biomechanical principles even at this introductory level.
识别关节类型和运动术语有助于学生分析技术、预防伤病，并在这个入门阶段就运用生物力学原理。
12. Training Principles for Beginners | 初学者的训练原则
Typical question: A Year 7 student wants to improve their 800m time. Using the FITT principle, suggest how they could structure their training. (4 marks)
典型问题：一位七年级学生想提高800米成绩。运用FITT原则，建议他如何安排训练。(4分)
FITT stands for Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type. A sensible plan would be to train three times a week (Frequency) to allow recovery days between sessions.
FITT代表频率、强度、时间和类型。合理的计划是每周训练三次（频率），让训练课之间有恢复日。
For Intensity, the student could work at around 70-80% of their maximum heart rate during interval runs. This intensity improves cardiovascular fitness without excessive fatigue.
强度方面，该学生可以在间歇跑时以最大心率的70-80%进行训练。这个强度能改善心血管健康，又不会过度疲劳。
Time (duration) could be 20-30 minutes per session, gradually increasing. The Type of training should be specific to the event – a mix of continuous running for endurance and short, fast repetitions for speed.
时间（持续时间）可以是每次20-30分钟，循序渐进地增加。训练类型应与专项结合——持续跑以提高耐力，短距离快速重复跑以发展速度。
Applying FITT prevents undertraining or overtraining and makes progress measurable. It is a simple but powerful framework for all athletes to understand.
运用FITT原则可以避免训练不足或过度训练，并使进步可衡量。这是所有运动员都应理解的简单却强大的框架。
Published by TutorHao | Physical Education Revision Series | aleveler.com
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