Year 7 WJEC Music: Glossary & Terminology Quick Revision Guide | 七年级 WJEC 音乐：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 WJEC Music: Glossary & Terminology Quick Revision Guide | 七年级 WJEC 音乐：词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to your Year 7 WJEC Music glossary guide! Music has its own language made up of Italian terms, symbols and descriptive words. Learning them step by step will help you read sheet music, describe what you hear and perform with confidence. This quick revision guide collects nearly every key term you need, grouped by topic, with memory tips to make them stick.

欢迎来到七年级 WJEC 音乐词汇术语速记指南！音乐拥有自己的语言，由意大利语术语、符号和描述性词汇组成。逐步掌握它们，能帮助你阅读乐谱、描述听到的音乐，并自信地表演。这份速记指南按主题汇总了几乎所有你需要掌握的关键术语，并附有记忆小窍门，让你牢牢记住。

1. Rhythm & Metre | 节奏与节拍

Rhythm is the pattern of sound and silence over time. The pulse (or beat) is the steady, underlying heartbeat of the music. A bar (or measure) is a group of beats separated by bar lines; a double bar line marks the end of a section or piece. The time signature appears at the start, telling you how many beats are in each bar and what type of note gets one beat. Common time signatures include 2/4 (two crotchet beats per bar), 3/4 (three crotchet beats) and 4/4 (four crotchet beats, also written as C).

节奏是声音与休止在时间中的模式。拍子（或节拍）是音乐中稳定的基础脉搏。小节是由小节线分隔的一组拍子；双纵线标示乐段或乐曲的结束。拍号出现在开头，告诉你每小节有多少拍，以及哪一种音符为一拍。常见的拍号包括 2/4（每小节两个四分音符）、3/4（三个四分音符）和 4/4（四个四分音符，也记作 C）。

Note values (durations) in British terminology: semibreve (4 beats), minim (2 beats), crotchet (1 beat), quaver (½ beat) and semiquaver (¼ beat). Rests have the same names: semibreve rest, minim rest, etc. A dotted note adds half its value again – a dotted minim lasts 3 beats, a dotted crotchet lasts 1½ beats. Ties join two notes of the same pitch, adding their lengths; slurs join notes of different pitches to be played smoothly. Syncopation places accents on normally weak beats, creating an off-beat feel. A triplet squeezes three equal notes into the time of two.

英国体系下的音符时值：全音符（4拍）、二分音符（2拍）、四分音符（1拍）、八分音符（半拍）、十六分音符（四分之一拍）。休止符对应命名：全休止符、二分休止符等。附点音符将原有音符再延长一半，如附点二分音符为3拍，附点四分音符为1½拍。连线连接两个相同音高的音符，相加其时值；圆滑线连接不同音高的音符，表示要圆滑地演奏。切分音将重音移到通常的弱拍上，产生切分的感觉。三连音是在两拍的时间内均匀奏出三个音。

2. Pitch & Melody | 音高与旋律

Pitch is how high or low a note sounds. The staff (or stave) has five lines and four spaces. The treble clef (𝄞) usually shows higher notes: the lines from bottom to top are E, G, B, D, F (mnemonic: Every Good Boy Deserves Fruit); the spaces spell F, A, C, E. The bass clef (𝄢) shows lower notes: lines are G, B, D, F, A (Good Birds Don’t Fly Away) and spaces are A, C, E, G (All Cows Eat Grass). Ledger lines extend the staff above or below. An octave is the interval between two notes with the same letter name, where the frequency doubles.

音高是指一个音有多高或多低。五线谱由五条线和四个间组成。高音谱号（𝄞）通常标记较高的音：从下到上的线为 E、G、B、D、F（记忆口诀：Every Good Boy Deserves Fruit）；间自下而上为 F、A、C、E。低音谱号（𝄢）标记较低的音：线上音为 G、B、D、F、A（Good Birds Don’t Fly Away），间内音为 A、C、E、G（All Cows Eat Grass）。加线在五线谱上方或下方扩展音域。八度是指两个音名相同、频率成倍关系的音程。

Melody is a sequence of notes that moves by step (adjacent notes), skip or leap (wider intervals). Accidentals raise or lower pitch: a sharp (♯) raises a note by a semitone; a flat (♭) lowers it by a semitone; a natural (♮) cancels a previous sharp or flat. Semitone is the smallest step on a keyboard (e.g., E to F); a tone is two semitones (e.g., C to D). A scale is a series of notes in ascending or descending order; the C major scale (C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C) has no sharps or flats and is built with the pattern tone-tone-semitone-tone-tone-tone-semitone.

旋律是一系列音符的序列，可以级进（相邻音）、小跳或大跳（更宽的音程）。变音记号升降音高：升号（♯）将音符升高半音；降号（♭）将音符降低半音；还原号（♮）取消之前的升号或降号。半音是键盘上最小的距离（如 E–F）；全音由两个半音构成（如 C–D）。音阶是一串上行或下行的音级；C 大调音阶（C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C）没有升降号，其排列为全-全-半-全-全-全-半。

3. Dynamics & Expression | 力度与表情

Dynamics indicate how loud or soft to play. The main Italian terms are: pianissimo (pp) – very soft; piano (p) – soft; mezzo-piano (mp) – moderately soft; mezzo-forte (mf) – moderately loud; forte (f) – loud; fortissimo (ff) – very loud. A gradual increase in volume is crescendo (cresc. or <), a gradual decrease is diminuendo (dim. or >). Sforzando (sfz) means a sudden, strong accent on a single note.

力度术语指示演奏的强弱。主要的意大利术语：pp（极弱）、p（弱）、mp（中弱）、mf（中强）、f（强）、ff（极强）。渐强（cresc. 或 <）表示音量逐步增大，渐弱（dim. 或 >）表示音量逐步减小。特强（sfz）表示对单个音突然加以重音。

4. Tempo | 速度

Tempo (plural: tempi) is the speed of the beat. Common tempo markings from slowest to fastest include: largo (very slow, broadly), lento (slow), adagio (slow and stately), andante (walking speed), moderato (moderate), allegro (fast and lively), vivace (lively, faster than allegro) and presto (very fast). Changes in tempo: accelerando (accel.) means gradually getting faster; ritardando (rit.) or rallentando (rall.) means gradually slowing down. A tempo instructs you to return to the original speed after a change.

速度（tempo）指节拍进行的快慢。从慢到快的常见速度标记：largo（广板，极慢）、lento（慢板）、adagio（柔板，缓慢而庄严）、andante（行板，步行速度）、moderato（中板）、allegro（快板，快速活泼）、vivace（活泼的快板，比 allegro 更快）和 presto（急板，非常快）。变速术语：accelerando (accel.) 逐渐加快；ritardando (rit.) 或 rallentando (rall.) 逐渐放慢；a tempo 指令回到变化前的原速。

5. Articulation & Playing Techniques | 发音法与演奏技巧

Articulation describes how individual notes are attacked and connected. Legato means smooth and connected, often shown by a slur (curved line over different notes). Staccato means short and detached, indicated by a dot above or below the note head. Accent (>) calls for a strong attack on the note. Tenuto (–) means hold the note for its full value, with slight weight. Marcato (∧) is a more forceful accent. A tie joins notes of the same pitch, creating a single sustained note whose length equals the sum of the tied notes.

发音法描述音符如何开始与连接。Legato（连奏）要求平滑连贯，常以圆滑线标出。Staccato（断奏）要求短促、断开，以音符头上下的小圆点表示。重音记号（>）表示强力奏出该音。Tenuto（保持）要求奏满音符时值，并稍带重量。Marcato（楔形重音，∧）是更强的重音。连线连接同音高音符，形成单一延续音，时值等于被连音符的总和。

6. Timbre & Instrument Families | 音色与乐器家族

Timbre (or tone colour) is the unique quality of a sound that lets you tell a flute from a violin, even when playing the same pitch. Orchestral instruments are grouped into four families: Strings – violin, viola, cello, double bass, harp; Woodwind – flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon; Brass – trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba; Percussion – timpani, snare drum, cymbals, triangle, bass drum. Keyboard instruments (piano, organ) and vocal types (soprano, alto, tenor, bass) also feature regularly. Each family produces sound differently: strings by bowing or plucking, woodwinds by blowing across an edge or reed, brass by buzzing lips, percussion by striking or shaking.

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7. Texture | 织体

Texture describes how many layers of sound there are and how they relate. Monophonic texture has a single, unaccompanied melodic line – a solo singer without instruments, or all instruments playing the same melody in unison. Homophonic texture features a main melody supported by chords, typical in hymns and pop songs (melody and accompaniment). Polyphonic (or contrapuntal) texture has two or more independent melodies interweaving, like a round or a fugue. Unison means several performers or parts playing exactly the same notes at the same time. Doubling occurs when the same melody is played by two instruments at different octaves, thickening the sound but keeping the texture simple.

织体描述声音的层次数量及其相互关系。单声部织体（monophonic）只有一条无伴奏旋律线——例如无乐器伴奏的独唱，或所有乐器齐奏同一条旋律。主调织体（homophonic）由一条主要旋律辅以和弦支撑，常见于赞美诗与流行歌曲（旋律加伴奏）。复调织体（polyphonic 或对位）由两条或更多独立旋律交织而成，如轮唱或赋格。齐奏（unison）指多个表演者或声部同时演奏完全相同的音。加倍（doubling）指两种乐器在不同八度演奏同一旋律，加厚声响但织体仍然简单。

8. Structure & Form | 曲式与结构

Musical forms give a piece its overall shape. Binary form (AB) has two contrasting sections, often each repeated (AABB). Ternary form (ABA) starts with an A section, moves to a contrasting B section, then returns to A. Rondo form alternates a recurring A theme with contrasting episodes: ABACA. Theme and variations presents a theme followed by several altered versions (changes in rhythm, harmony, instrumentation). Call and response features a distinct 'call' phrase followed by an answering 'response'. Other common structures include verse-chorus form and strophic form (same music for each verse). A phrase is a musical sentence, usually ending with a cadence; a motif is a short, distinctive melodic or rhythmic idea used as a building block.

音乐曲式为作品赋予整体轮廓。二部曲式（binary，AB）包含两个对比乐段，通常各自反复（AABB）。三部曲式（ternary，ABA）先呈示A段，再转至对比B段，最后再现A段。回旋曲式（rondo）以反复出现的A主题与对比插部交替，如ABACA。主题与变奏先呈示主题，随后呈现数种变化形式（节奏、和声、配器等变化）。呼唤与应答形式由一个突出的“呼唤”乐句和随后的“应答”乐句构成。其他常见结构包括主歌-副歌形式与分节歌形式（每段歌词用同一旋律）。乐句是音乐的句子，通常结束于终止式；动机是一个简短而鲜明的旋律或节奏细胞，用作构建材料。

9. Harmony & Tonality | 和声与调性

Harmony is the combining of different pitches sounding together. A chord is two or more notes played simultaneously; a triad is a three-note chord built in thirds, such as C-E-G (C major triad). Chords are often labelled with Roman numerals: chord I (tonic) is the home chord, chord V (dominant) creates tension that wants to resolve back to I. Consonance sounds stable and pleasing; dissonance sounds tense and creates a need for resolution. Key (tonality) indicates the scale on which a piece is based. Major keys generally sound bright and happy; minor keys often sound sad or serious. The key signature – a set of sharps or flats at the start of each stave – tells you which notes are consistently sharpened or flattened throughout the piece. A piece may modulate (change key) for contrast.

和声是不同音高同时发声的结合。和弦是两个或更多音符同时奏响；三和弦是按三度叠置的三音和弦，如C-E-G（C大三和弦）。和弦常用罗马数字标记：Ⅰ级和弦（主和弦）是归属和弦，Ⅴ级和弦（属和弦）制造张力并渴望解决回Ⅰ级。协和音程听起来稳定悦耳；不协和音程听起来紧张，需要解决。调性（调）指出作品基于的音阶。大调通常明亮欢快；小调常显得忧伤或严肃。调号——出现在每行谱表开头的一组升号或降号——告诉你哪些音在全曲中持续升高或降低。作品可能会转调（变换调性）以获得对比。

10. Notation & Symbols | 记谱法与符号

Standard notation uses a set of symbols you will see on your score: clefs, notes, rests, accidentals, ties and slurs. Dynamic markings and articulation marks (dots, accents) sit above or below the stave. Repeat marks – a thick-thin bar line with two dots – tell you to replay a section. A first-time bar (1.) and second-time bar (2.) are used for different endings. D.C. (Da Capo) means go back to the beginning; D.C. al Fine means go back to the start and play until the word Fine. D.S. (Dal Segno) means go back to the sign (✍). D.S. al Coda directs you to repeat from the segno, then jump to the Coda (a concluding passage). Fermata (𝄐) means hold the note or rest longer. Breath mark (𝄒) indicates a short pause for breath. Anacrusis (pick-up) is an upbeat before the first downbeat of a phrase.

标准记谱法使用一组你会见到的符号：谱号、音符、休止符、变音记号、连线和圆滑线。力度记号和发音法记号（小圆点、重音）置于五线谱上方或下方。反复记号——粗-细双纵线加两个点——指示重奏一个段落。第一结尾记号（1.）与第二结尾记号（2.）用于不同的结尾。D.C.（Da Capo）表示从头反复；D.C. al Fine 表示从头反复，奏至 Fine 处结束。D.S.（Dal Segno）表示从记号（✍）处反复；D.S. al Coda 指示从 segno 反复，再跳至 Coda（尾声段落）。延长记号（𝄐）表示该音符或休止符自由延长。换气记号（𝄒）指示乐句间的短暂呼吸。弱起小节（anacrusis）是乐句第一正拍前的上拍音。

11. Memory Hacks & Quick Revision Tips | 速记小贴士

Use mnemonics to recall lines and spaces: for treble clef lines think 'Every Good Boy Deserves Fruit' (E G B D F); spaces spell 'FACE'. For bass clef lines, 'Good Birds Don’t Fly Away' (G B D F A); spaces, 'All Cows Eat Grass' (A C E G). Link Italian tempo terms to everyday actions: adagio is a slow stroll, andante is walking, allegro is jogging, presto is sprinting. For dynamics, imagine a volume knob: pp is barely audible, ff is blasting. Sort instrument families by how they make sound (blow, bow, buzz, strike). To remember note values, think of a semibreve as a whole pizza, minim as half, crotchet as a quarter slice, and so on. Test yourself with flash cards – term on one side, definition on the other. Say the term out loud, draw symbols repeatedly, and listen to short musical examples while asking 'What texture is this?' or 'What tempo marking matches this speed?'. Short, daily practice beats last-minute cramming.

用口诀记忆线与间：高音谱号线为 'Every Good Boy Deserves Fruit'（E G B D F）；间拼成 'FACE'。低音谱号线用 'Good Birds Don’t Fly Away'（G B D F A）；间用 'All Cows Eat Grass'（A C E G）。将意大利语速度术语与日常动作关联：adagio像慢步，andante像走路，allegro像慢跑，presto像冲刺。力度像音量旋钮：pp 几乎听不见，ff 音响爆发。按乐器发声方式（吹、拉弓、嘴唇震动、敲击）分类家族。记忆时值可以想象一个完整的披萨：全音符是整个，二分音符是一半，四分音符是四分之一块，以此类推。用卡片自测——一面写术语，一面写定义。大声念出术语，反复画符号，聆听短音乐片段并提问“这段是什么织体？”或“哪个速度记号匹配这个速度？”。每天短时练习比临时死记硬背有效得多。

Published by TutorHao | Music Revision Series | aleveler.com

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