📚 Year 7 WJEC Music: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | Year 7 WJEC 音乐：暑期预习与衔接课程
Starting secondary school music can be both exciting and a little daunting. The WJEC Year 7 music course builds on the singing, playing and listening you enjoyed in primary school, but introduces more formal musical language, notation and analysis. This summer bridging guide will help you revise key concepts and explore new ideas so you walk into your first music lesson feeling prepared and inspired.
进入中学音乐课堂，既令人兴奋又可能让人有些紧张。WJEC Year 7 音乐课程会在你小学阶段唱歌、演奏和聆听的基础上，引入更正式的音乐术语、记谱法和作品分析。这份暑期衔接指南将帮助你复习关键概念、探索新知识，让你自信满满地走进第一节音乐课。
1. What is Music? | 音乐是什么？
Music is organised sound and silence. It can be made with voices, instruments or electronic devices, and it often has a steady pulse, interesting rhythms and different layers of sound. In Year 7 you will learn to describe what you hear using special vocabulary, and you will begin to create your own music with a deeper understanding of how it works.
音乐是有组织的声音与安静。它可以通过人声、乐器或电子设备产生，通常具有稳定的律动、有趣的节奏和不同的声音层次。在七年级，你将学会用专门的术语描述听到的作品，并在更深层次的理解下开始创作自己的音乐。
2. The Elements of Music | 音乐要素
Every piece of music, no matter the style, is built from a set of building blocks. In your WJEC course you will use the acronym 'DR P SMITH' to remember them: Dynamics, Rhythm, Pitch, Structure, Melody, Instrumentation (and Timbre), Tempo and Harmony. Getting to know these elements now will give you a huge head start.
每一首音乐作品，不论风格，都由一组基础模块构成。在 WJEC 课程中，你会用到口诀 'DR P SMITH' 来记忆：力度（Dynamics）、节奏（Rhythm）、音高（Pitch）、结构（Structure）、旋律（Melody）、配器与音色（Instrumentation & Timbre）、速度（Tempo）与和声（Harmony）。现在就熟悉这些要素会让你抢占先机。
3. Pulse and Rhythm | 律动与节奏
The pulse is the steady heartbeat of the music – the regular beat you tap your foot to. Rhythm is the pattern of long and short sounds that fits over that pulse. Try clapping along to your favourite song: first tap the steady beat, then clap the rhythm of the words. Being able to feel the difference between pulse and rhythm is a core skill in Year 7.
律动是音乐中稳定的心跳——也就是你会用脚打的固定拍点。节奏则是叠加在这个律动上的长短音模式。试着跟着你喜欢的歌曲拍手：先敲出稳定的节拍，再拍出歌词的节奏。能感受到律动与节奏的不同是七年级的核心技能之一。
4. Note Values and Simple Notation | 音符时值与简单记谱
In primary school you might have used word rhythms like 'tea' and 'coffee'. Now we use proper note names and symbols. The main notes you need to know are:
- Semibreve (whole note) ♩ — lasts 4 beats
- Minim (half note) ♩ — lasts 2 beats
- Crotchet (quarter note) ♩ — lasts 1 beat
- Quaver (eighth note) ♪ — lasts ½ beat
- Semiquaver (sixteenth note) ♬ — lasts ¼ beat
These notes are placed on a stave (five lines) to show pitch, and their shape shows how long they last. Understanding note values early makes reading and writing music much easier.
在小学你或许用过 'tea' 和 'coffee' 这样的文字节奏，现在我们用专业的音符名称和符号。你需要掌握的主要音符有：全音符（4拍）、二分音符（2拍）、四分音符（1拍）、八分音符（½拍）和十六分音符（¼拍）。这些音符写在五线谱上表示音高，形状则表示时值。早点弄清音符时值会让读谱和写谱容易得多。
5. Pitch and the Stave | 音高与五线谱
Pitch means how high or low a note sounds. On a stave – the five parallel lines we write music on – pitch is shown by placing notes on different lines or spaces. The higher the note on the stave, the higher the pitch. You will learn two clefs: the treble clef for higher notes and the bass clef for lower notes.
音高指的是一个音听起来有多高或多低。在五线谱（我们用来记录音乐的五条平行线）上，音高是通过把音符放在不同的线或间上来表示的。音符在谱上位置越高，音高就越高。你将学习两种谱号：高音谱号（用于较高音）和低音谱号（用于较低音）。
6. Treble Clef and Bass Clef | 高音谱号与低音谱号
The treble clef curls around the second line, which becomes the note G. The spaces spell F A C E (from bottom to top) and the lines are E G B D F – remembered by 'Every Good Boy Deserves Football'. The bass clef has two dots either side of the fourth line, which is F. Its spaces are A C E G ('All Cows Eat Grass') and its lines are G B D F A ('Good Birds Don't Fly Away'). Practice drawing both clefs and naming notes over the summer.
高音谱号环绕在第二线上，这条线就代表 G 音。从下到上，间里的音名是 F A C E，线上的音名为 E G B D F（可记作 'Every Good Boy Deserves Football'）。低音谱号的两个点夹住第四线，这条线是 F。间里的音名是 A C E G（'All Cows Eat Grass'），线上为 G B D F A（'Good Birds Don't Fly Away'）。暑期里练习画这两个谱号并辨认音符吧。
7. Instruments of the Orchestra | 管弦乐队乐器
WJEC music encourages you to recognise instruments by sight and sound. The orchestra is split into four families: Strings (violin, viola, cello, double bass), Woodwind (flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon), Brass (trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba) and Percussion (timpani, snare drum, xylophone). Explore these instruments online by watching performances and listening to how each one produces its sound – bowing, blowing, buzzing or striking.
WJEC 音乐课程鼓励你通过视觉和听觉辨识乐器。管弦乐队分为四个乐器组：弦乐（小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴）、木管（长笛、单簧管、双簧管、巴松管）、铜管（小号、圆号、长号、大号）和打击乐（定音鼓、小军鼓、木琴）。上网观看演出，仔细聆听每种乐器是如何发声的——拉弦、吹气、嘴唇振动还是敲击。
8. Dynamics and Tempo | 力度与速度
Dynamics describe the volume of the music. Italian terms are used worldwide: piano (p) means soft, forte (f) means loud, mezzo (m) means moderately, and we can combine them to get mp (medium soft) and mf (medium loud). Gradual changes include crescendo (getting louder) and diminuendo (getting softer). Tempo tells us the speed; common terms include largo (very slow), andante (walking pace), allegro (fast) and presto (very fast).
力度描述音乐的强弱。全球通用意大利语术语：piano (p) 表示弱，forte (f) 表示强，mezzo (m) 表示中等，结合起来就有 mp（中弱）和 mf（中强）。渐进变化包括 crescendo（渐强）和 diminuendo（渐弱）。速度术语告诉我们音乐的快慢，常见的有 largo（缓慢）、andante（步行速度）、allegro（快板）和 presto（急板）。
9. Texture and Timbre | 织体与音色
Texture is about how many layers of sound we hear and how they relate. A single melodic line is monophonic; a melody with chordal accompaniment is homophonic; two or more independent melodies played together create polyphonic texture. Timbre (pronounced 'tam-ber') is the unique colour or quality of a sound that helps us tell a flute from a violin even when they play the same note.
织体指的是我们听到的声音层次数量及其相互关系。单一旋律线条是单声部织体；旋律加上和弦伴奏是主调织体；两条或更多独立旋律同时进行则形成复调织体。音色（timbre，发音像 'tam-ber'）是声音独特的色彩或品质，让我们即使在同一音高上也能分辨出长笛和小提琴。
10. Structure in Music | 音乐结构
Most songs and pieces follow a clear plan. The simplest is binary form (AB), where two contrasting sections are played. Ternary form (ABA) has a middle section that contrasts before the opening music returns. Rondo form (ABACA) keeps coming back to a main theme. Recognising these patterns in the music you hear every day will sharpen your listening skills.
大多数歌曲和乐曲都遵循清晰的规划。最简单的是二部曲式 (AB)，由两个对比乐段组成。三部曲式 (ABA) 有一个对比中段，之后开头的音乐回归。回旋曲式 (ABACA) 则反复回到一个主题。在你日常听到的音乐中辨认这些模式，将极大提升你的听力技巧。
11. Simple Composition and Improvisation | 简单作曲与即兴
In Year 7 you will be asked to create short pieces and improvise. Start simply: choose just three or four notes, decide on a rhythm, and repeat it with small changes. You could use an online keyboard or a free notation app. Record your ideas and listen back – what would you keep, and what might you change? Composing is all about making choices and refining them.
七年级你将需要创作短小乐曲并进行即兴演奏。从简单开始：只选三四个音，设计一个节奏，在重复中稍加变化。你可以使用在线键盘或免费记谱应用。录下你的想法并回听——哪些部分值得保留，哪些地方可以修改？作曲就是不断做出选择并对其进行打磨的过程。
12. Summer Practice Plan | 暑期练习计划
Music is a practical subject, so keep making music over the holiday. Set aside 15 minutes a day to try one of these activities: clap rhythm patterns from a song, write out note names on a drawn stave, create a fact file about an instrument you like, or listen to a new piece of music and describe it using DR P SMITH. Consistency is more important than long sessions – little and often builds strong musical muscles.
音乐是一门实践性学科，所以假期里要坚持做音乐。每天留出 15 分钟尝试以下一项活动：拍出一首歌的节奏型、在画好的五线谱上写出音名、为你喜欢的乐器制作一份知识档案，或者聆听一首新曲子并用 DR P SMITH 要素来描述它。坚持比单次长时间练习更重要——少量多次才能锻炼出结实的音乐肌肉。
Published by TutorHao | Music Revision Series | aleveler.com
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