📚 Year 7 WJEC Art: Quick Memorisation Guide to Vocabulary & Terminology | 七年级 WJEC 艺术词汇术语速记指南
Learning art is like learning a new language – every mark, colour and shape has a name and a meaning. This guide breaks down the must‑know vocabulary for Year 7 WJEC Art into simple, memorable chunks. Use the paired English and Chinese explanations to lock each term into your memory, and you will soon talk about your own artwork with confidence.
学习艺术就像学习一门新语言——每一个笔触、颜色和形状都有名字和意义。这份指南将七年级 WJEC 艺术必备的词汇拆解成简单易记的知识块。利用配对的英文与中文解释，把每个术语牢牢记住，你很快就能自信地谈论自己的作品。
1. Line | 线条
A line is the path left by a moving point. It can be straight, curved, zigzag, wavy or broken, and its character changes the mood of a drawing instantly. Think of a calm, horizontal sea horizon as opposed to a jagged lightning bolt – the same basic element, but completely different feelings.
线条是移动点留下的轨迹。它可以是直的、弯的、锯齿状、波浪状或虚线，其性格会立刻改变画面的情绪。想象一条平静的水平海天线，再对比一道锯齿状的闪电——同样是线条，感觉却完全不同。
Contour is the outline or edge you see around an object. When you draw the contour of your hand without lifting the pencil, you practise hand‑eye coordination and observation. Hatching means drawing many parallel lines close together to build up tone; cross‑hatching layers them at angles for deeper shadow.
轮廓是你在物体周围看到的边缘线条。当你握着铅笔不抬笔地画出手的轮廓时，就是在训练手眼协调和观察力。排线是画出许多紧密的平行线来营造色调；交叉排线则是在不同角度叠加线条，制造更深的阴影。
Memory tip: Imagine 'line' as the track a tiny ant walks – it can wander (curved), march (straight) or bounce (zigzag).
记忆提示：把“线条”想象成一只小蚂蚁走过的路径——它可以漫步（曲线）、行军（直线）或蹦跳（锯齿线）。
2. Shape & Form | 形状与形体
Shape is a flat, two‑dimensional area enclosed by lines or a change in colour. Geometric shapes like squares, circles and triangles feel orderly; organic shapes are irregular and often found in nature, like the silhouette of a leaf or a puddle.
形状是由线条或色块围成的二维平面区域。几何形状（如正方形、圆形、三角形）感觉有序；有机形状则不规则，常见于自然界，比如一片树叶或水洼的轮廓。
Form takes shape into the third dimension – it has height, width and depth. A circle becomes a sphere, a square becomes a cube, and a triangle becomes a cone. Artists use shading and perspective to make a flat shape appear as a solid form.
形体则把形状带入三维——它有高度、宽度和深度。圆形变成球体，正方形变成立方体，三角形变成锥体。艺术家运用明暗和透视让平面的形状看起来像立体的形体。
Think: Shape is like a footprint (2D), while form is the actual foot (3D). If you can hold it, it's a form.
想一想：形状就像脚印（二维），而形体是真正的脚（三维）。凡是能拿在手里的，都是形体。
3. Colour Theory | 色彩理论
The colour wheel organises hues in a circle. Primary colours – red, yellow and blue – cannot be mixed from other colours. Secondary colours – orange, green and violet – are made by mixing two primaries. Tertiary colours fill the gaps, such as yellow‑orange or blue‑green.
色轮将色相组织成一个圆圈。三原色——红、黄、蓝——无法由其他颜色混合而成。间色——橙、绿、紫——由两种原色混合得到。复色填补了色轮的空隙，例如黄橙色或蓝绿色。
Complementary colours sit opposite each other on the wheel (red and green, blue and orange, yellow and violet). When placed side by side, they create vibrant contrast. Analogous colours are neighbours on the wheel and produce calm, harmonious schemes, like blue, blue‑green and green.
互补色在色轮上相对而坐（红与绿、蓝与橙、黄与紫）。并置时产生强烈的对比效果。类似色是色轮上的邻居，能营造宁静、和谐的配色，如蓝、蓝绿和绿。
Vocabulary you need: Hue = the pure colour (red, blue, etc.). Saturation intensity or purity; a highly saturated colour is vivid, a less saturated one looks muted. Tone = lightness or darkness of the colour.
必备词汇：色相 = 纯净的颜色（红、蓝等）。饱和度 = 颜色的强度或纯度；高饱和度的颜色鲜艳，低饱和度的显得柔和。色调 = 颜色的明暗程度。
4. Tone & Value | 色调与明暗
Tone (also called value) describes how light or dark something is. Without tone, drawings look flat. A full tonal range goes from pure white through many greys to pure black. Adding tone to a circle turns it into a sphere – the illusion of 3D depends on this.
色调（亦称明度）描述物体的明暗程度。没有色调，画面就会显得平板。完整的色调范围从纯白经过许多灰阶到纯黑。给圆形加上色调，它就变成了球体——三维的错觉全靠色调。
Highlight is the brightest spot where light hits directly. Core shadow is the darkest part on the object itself, away from the light. Cast shadow is the shadow the object throws onto a surface. Reflected light is faint light bouncing back from nearby surfaces into the shadow side.
高光是光线直接照射的最亮区域。明暗交界线（核心阴影）是物体自身远离光线的最暗部分。投影是物体投落在表面上的影子。反光是从附近表面反射回暗部的微弱光线。
Memory phrase: "Hedgehogs Can Run" – Highlight, Core shadow, Reflected light. It really works for shading a sphere!
记忆口诀：“高核反” —— 高光、明暗交界线、反光。画球体明暗时特别好用！
5. Texture | 质感
Texture is how a surface feels or looks as if it would feel. Actual texture is the real, touchable quality – rough bark, smooth glass, fluffy fur. Visual or implied texture is created on a flat surface using marks and shading, so your eyes believe it even if your fingers don't.
质感是表面摸上去（或看起来像摸上去）的感觉。真实质感是真正可触摸的质地——粗糙的树皮、光滑的玻璃、毛茸茸的皮毛。视觉质感（暗示质感）是在平面上用笔触和色调创造出来的，让你眼睛相信，哪怕手指摸不到。
Artists use a variety of marks to suggest texture: dots for sand, wavy lines for water, short broken strokes for fur, and smudging for soft clouds. Experiment with your pencil, brush or even collage to build textural surfaces.
艺术家运用各种痕迹来暗示质感：点表现沙子，波浪线表现水，短而破碎的笔触表现毛发，揉擦表现柔软的云层。用铅笔、画笔或拼贴来尝试制造不同的纹理表面。
Quick check: if your artwork makes you want to reach out and touch it, you have nailed implied texture.
快速检验：如果你的作品让人想伸手去摸，那你就完美地表现出了视觉质感。
6. Space & Perspective | 空间与透视
Space in art can be the area within, around or between objects. Positive space is the subject itself; negative space is the 'empty' background area that shapes the subject just as much. Learning to see negative space helps you draw more accurately.
艺术中的空间可以是物体内部、周围或之间的区域。正空间是主体本身；负空间是塑造主体形态的“空”背景。学会观察负空间能让你画得更准确。
Perspective creates the illusion of depth on a flat surface. Linear perspective uses converging lines that meet at a vanishing point on the horizon. Aerial perspective makes distant objects paler, bluer and less detailed. Overlapping simply means placing one shape in front of another – a powerful depth clue.
透视能在平面上营造深度错觉。线性透视利用会聚到地平线上消失点的线条。空气透视则让远处的物体显得更淡、更蓝、细节更少。重叠只是将一个形状放在另一个前面——这是一种强有力的深度提示。
Imagine standing on a straight road: the road edges seem to get closer and finally touch at the vanishing point. That's one‑point perspective.
想象你站在一条笔直的公路上：道路边缘看似越远越靠拢，最终在消失点交汇。这就是一点透视。
7. Composition | 构图
Composition is the arrangement of elements in an artwork – where you place things and why. A strong composition guides the viewer's eye and creates impact. The rule of thirds rid; placing key subjects along these lines or intersections feels more dynamic than dead centre.
构图是艺术作品中各元素的安排——你把东西放在哪里以及为什么。强有力的构图能引导观众的视线，创造冲击力。九宫格构图法（三分法）将画面分成 3×3 网格；把主要对象放在这些线或交叉点上，比死板的中心构图更有动感。
Balance can be symmetrical (identical on both sides, like a butterfly) or asymmetrical (different elements that still feel visually equal). Focal point is the area that grabs attention first – artists create it through contrast, colour, size or detail.
平衡可以是对称的（两边完全一样，如蝴蝶），也可以是不对称的（不同的元素但在视觉上仍感觉均等）。视觉焦点是首先吸引注意力的区域——艺术家通过对比、色彩、大小或细节来制造焦点。
Try framing your view with your hands to find a composition. Move the 'frame' around until it feels exciting – then draw what you see.
试着用双手搭一个取景框来找构图。把“框”移到感觉最有意思的位置，然后画出你看到的。
8. Media & Materials | 媒介与材料
Medium is what you use to make art. Dry media include graphite pencil, charcoal, chalk pastels and oil pastels. Wet media include watercolour, acrylic paint, ink and poster paint. Each behaves differently – graphite gives fine control, charcoal is bold and smudgy, watercolour is transparent and layered.
媒介是你用来创作艺术的材料。干性媒介包括石墨铅笔、炭笔、色粉笔和油画棒。湿性媒介包括水彩、丙烯、墨水和广告颜料。每种媒介的表现都不同——石墨便于精细控制，炭笔大胆且易揉擦，水彩透明并可层叠。
Paper matters too: cartridge paper is smooth and good for pencil; watercolour paper is textured and absorbent; sugar paper has a rough surface ideal for pastels. Always match your paper to your medium.
纸张也很重要：素描纸光滑，适合铅笔；水彩纸有纹理且吸水；彩画纸表面粗糙，非常适合色粉。请一定将纸张与媒介匹配。
Key terms: pigment (colouring substance), binder (holds pigment together), solvent (water or oil that thins the paint).
关键术语：色素（着色的物质），结合剂（把色素粘合在一起），溶剂（稀释颜料的水或油）。
9. Techniques | 技法
Blending is smoothing out tones or colours so they transition gradually. You can blend with a finger, a blending stump or by layering lightly with a pencil. Scumbling (with paint) is a dry‑brush technique where a thin, broken layer of colour is dragged over a dry underlayer, creating a soft, speckled effect.
融合是把色调或颜色平滑过渡，使它们渐变得毫无缝隙。你可以用手指、纸笔或用铅笔轻轻叠加来融合。薄擦法（绘画中）是一种干笔技法，在干燥的底色上拖出一层薄而破碎的颜色，制造柔软、斑驳的效果。
Sgraffito means scratching through a top layer of paint or pastel to reveal the colour underneath – think of scraping wet paint with the back of a brush. Wash is a thin, transparent layer of watercolour or ink applied evenly. Dry brush uses very little paint so the brush drags, leaving a rough, textured mark.
刮画法（Sgraffito）是刮去表层的颜料或色粉，露出下面的颜色——例如用画笔杆刮开湿颜料。薄涂（水洗）是均匀涂上一层薄而透明的水彩或墨水。干笔法只用极少的颜料，让画笔拖过纸面，留下粗糙、有质感的痕迹。
Learn this set: Blend, Scumble, Scratch, Wash – your toolkit for making surfaces sing.
学会这一套：融合、薄擦、刮画、薄涂——你的画面肌理就会格外生动。
10. Key Art Words | 重点艺术词汇
This final section lists high‑frequency terms you will hear again and again in your WJEC Art lessons. Read them out loud in English and Chinese to fix them in your mind.
最后一节列出你在 WJEC 艺术课上会反复听到的高频词汇。大声朗读英文和中文，把它们刻在脑海里。
- Observation drawing – drawing what you see, not what you think you see. / 写生——画你看到的，而不是你认为你看到的。
- Still life – a group of arranged objects drawn from real life. / 静物——对一组布置好的实物进行写生。
- Portrait – artwork focusing on a person's face. / 肖像——聚焦人物面容的作品。
- Landscape – artwork showing an outdoor scene. / 风景画——表现户外景色的作品。
- Abstract – art that does not try to look realistic; it uses shapes, colours and textures instead. / 抽象——不追求写实的艺术，而是使用形状、色彩和质感。
- Composition – the layout of an artwork. / 构图——作品的布局安排。
- Gallery – a place where art is displayed. / 画廊——展示艺术作品的地方。
- Sketchbook – a personal book for drawing, planning and collecting ideas. / 速写本——用来画画、规划和收集创意的个人本子。
- Mark‑making – any kind of mark created with a tool, from a dot to a sweeping line. / 痕迹制造——用工具创造出的任何痕迹，从一个点到一条扫掠的线。
- Evaluate – to think about what worked well and what could be improved in your artwork. / 评价——思考作品中哪些地方好，哪些地方可以改进。
Use these words in your self‑assessments and class discussions – they show you really understand the language of art.
在自我评估和课堂讨论中使用这些词汇——它们能表明你真正掌握了艺术的语言。
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