📚 Year 7 WJEC Philosophy: Key Terms Memorisation Guide | Year 7 WJEC 哲学：关键术语速记指南
Welcome to your Year 7 WJEC Philosophy journey! Mastering the subject begins with a solid grasp of its special vocabulary. This guide provides quick definitions and memorable tricks for the essential terms you will encounter, helping you to recall them easily during lessons and assessments.
欢迎踏上 Year 7 WJEC 哲学之旅！学好这门课，首先要扎实掌握其独特词汇。本指南为你遇到的关键术语提供快速定义和记忆技巧，帮你在课堂和测评中轻松回忆。
1. Philosophy and Wisdom | 哲学与智慧
Philosophy is the love of wisdom and the attempt to answer life's big questions using reason and argument.
哲学是对智慧的热爱，是运用理性与论证来回答人生重大问题的尝试。
The word breaks down into 'phil-' (love) and 'sophia' (wisdom). Think of a philosopher as a 'wisdom lover'.
这个词可拆分为“phil-”（爱）和“sophia”（智慧）。想象哲学家就是一个“智慧爱好者”。
Memory hook: Imagine a heart (love) holding a glowing lightbulb (wisdom) – that's philosophy in action.
记忆钩子：想象一颗心（爱）捧着一个发光的灯泡（智慧）——这就是活生生的哲学。
'Wisdom' itself means not just knowing facts, but knowing how to live well and make good judgements.
“智慧”本身不仅指知道事实，更指知道如何好好生活、做出正确判断。
2. Argument and Reasoning | 论证与推理
In philosophy, an argument is not a fight. It is a set of statements where some (premises) are given to support another (the conclusion).
在哲学中，论证不是吵架。它是一组陈述，其中一些（前提）用来支持另一个（结论）。
Reasoning is the process of thinking logically to move from premises to a conclusion.
推理就是进行逻辑思考，从前提出发得出结论的过程。
onclusion. Think of building a Lego tower: the premises are the bricks, the conclusion is the structure you build.
快速回忆：论证 = 前提 + 结论。想想搭乐高塔：前提是积木块，结论是你搭成的结构。
Two main types of reasoning are deduction (from general to specific) and induction (from specific to general). For now, remember: deduction guarantees truth if premises are true; induction makes conclusions probable.
推理主要有演绎（从一般到个别）和归纳（从个别到一般）。现在只需记住：演绎如果前提真则结论必然真；归纳结论只是很可能真。
3. Premise and Conclusion | 前提与结论
A premise is a reason offered in support of a conclusion. A conclusion is the statement that the argument is trying to persuade you to accept.
前提是为支持结论而提出的理由。结论是论证试图说服你接受的陈述。
Example: 'All humans are mortal (premise). Socrates is a human (premise). Therefore, Socrates is mortal (conclusion).'
例子：“所有人都会死（前提）。苏格拉底是人（前提）。所以苏格拉底会死（结论）。”
Visual trick: Draw an arrow from 'premise' to 'conclusion'. The premises point to what they prove. So the arrow always goes P → C.
视觉技巧：画一个从“前提”指向“结论”的箭头。前提指向它们所证明的东西。所以箭头总是 P → C。
When reading a philosophy text, always ask: 'What is the main conclusion, and what reasons (premises) are given?' This is the first step of critical analysis.
阅读哲学文本时，始终问：“主要结论是什么？给出了哪些理由（前提）？”这是批判性分析的第一步。
4. Logic and Critical Thinking | 逻辑与批判性思维
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It gives us rules to distinguish good arguments from bad ones.
逻辑学是研究正确推理的学科。它给我们规则来区分好论证和坏论证。
Critical thinking means not just accepting claims at face value, but examining the evidence, assumptions, and logic behind them.
批判性思维意味着不只看表面就接受主张，而要检查其背后的证据、假设和逻辑。
Key logical words: 'valid' (if premises true, conclusion must be true) and 'sound' (a valid argument with true premises). A sound argument is the gold standard.
关键逻辑术语：“有效”（如果前提真，结论必然真）和“可靠”（有效且前提真实的论证）。可靠的论证是黄金标准。
Mnemonics: 'Valid = structure good; Sound = structure good + true facts.' ns the walls are well-built; sound means the walls are well-built and the bricks are real.
记忆法：“有效 = 结构好；可靠 = 结构好 + 事实真。”想象一座房子：有效指墙壁建得好；可靠指墙壁建得好且砖块真实。
5. Ethics: Right and Wrong | 伦理学：对与错
Ethics (or moral philosophy) asks: 'How should we live? What is right and wrong? What is a good life?'
伦理学（或道德哲学）追问：“我们应当如何生活？什么是对与错？何为美好人生？”
Key terms: 'moral' refers to principles of right and wrong behaviour. 'Dilemma' is a situation where you must choose between two or more difficult options.
关键术语：“道德”指对与错的行为准则。“困境”指必须在两个或多个艰难选项间做选择的情形。
Famous ethical question: 'Would you steal bread to feed your starving family?' Philosophers use such scenarios to test ethical theories.
著名的伦理问题：“你会为了喂饱饥饿的家人而去偷面包吗？”哲学家用这类情境来检验伦理理论。
Remember the three main approaches: consequentialism (look at outcomes), deontology (look at duties and rules), and virtue ethics (look at character). Use the acronym CDV: Consequences, Duties, Virtues.
记住三大流派：后果论（看结果）、义务论（看职责与规则）和德性伦理（看品格）。用首字母 CDV 记忆：后果、职责、德性。
6. Epistemology: Knowledge and Belief | 认识论：知识与信念
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies knowledge, belief, and how we know things.
认识论是哲学分支，研究知识、信念以及我们如何认识事物。
Knowledge is often defined as 'justified true belief'. You need: (1) belief, (2) truth, and (3) good reasons.
知识常被定义为“得到辩护的真信念”。你需要：(1) 信念，(2) 真实性，(3) 充分理由。
Think JTB: Justified True Belief. A simple example: You believe it will rain (belief), it actually rains (truth), and you saw a reliable weather forecast (justification). Then you know it will rain.
记住 JTB：得到
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 哲学 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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