📚 Year 7 WJEC Philosophy: Full Curriculum Guide | Year 7 WJEC 哲学：课程大纲全解析
Welcome to your Year 7 Philosophy journey with the WJEC framework. This introductory course is designed to spark your curiosity, sharpen your thinking, and help you explore some of the biggest questions human beings have ever asked. Over the year, you will learn what it means to think like a philosopher – building logical arguments, examining your own beliefs and engaging respectfully with the views of others. Whether you are pondering the nature of reality or debating what makes an action right or wrong, this guide will walk you through every key topic, skill and assessment style you will meet.
欢迎开启 WJEC 课程框架下的 Year 7 哲学之旅。这门入门课程旨在点燃你的好奇心，磨砺你的思维，并帮助你探索人类有史以来提出的一些最宏大的问题。在这一年中，你将学习像哲学家一样思考意味着什么——构建逻辑论证、审视自己的信念以及尊重地讨论他人的观点。无论你是在思索实在的本质，还是辩论什么使一个行为正当或不正当，本指南都将带你逐一了解你将遇到的每个关键主题、技能与评估方式。
1. What is Philosophy? | 什么是哲学？
Philosophy means 'love of wisdom' in ancient Greek. It is the activity of asking deep, fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language. Unlike science, which often answers questions through experiments, philosophy works through careful reasoning and argument. In Year 7, you will start by learning that philosophy is not just about finding the 'right' answer but about asking better questions and being open to changing your mind.
哲学在古希腊语中意为“爱智慧”。它是就存在、知识、价值、理性、心灵和语言提出深刻而基本的问题的活动。与科学常常通过实验来回答问题不同，哲学通过严谨的推理和论证来进行。在 Year 7，你将首先学到，哲学不仅关乎找到“正确”答案，更关乎提出更好的问题并敞开心扉改变自己的想法。
2. Types of Philosophical Questions | 哲学问题的类型
Philosophers sort questions into branches. Metaphysics asks 'What is real?' – for example, is time an illusion? Epistemology asks 'How do we know what we know?' – could you be dreaming right now? Ethics asks 'How should we live?' – is it ever right to lie? In your lessons you will learn to recognise these branches and understand why some questions cannot be answered by looking things up, but only by thinking deeply.
哲学家将问题划分为不同分支。形而上学追问“什么是实在？”——例如，时间是不是一种幻觉？认识论追问“我们如何知道我们所知道的？”——你现在可能正在做梦吗？伦理学追问“我们应当怎样生活？”——说谎是否在任何情况下都不对？在你的课堂上，你将学会识别这些分支，并理解为什么有些问题无法通过查阅资料来回答，而只能通过深入思考来作答。
3. How to Build an Argument | 如何构建论证
In philosophy, an argument is not a fight – it is a chain of reasoning. An argument has premises (reasons) and a conclusion (what follows from those reasons). A good argument must be logically valid (if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true) and sound (the premises actually are true). For instance: 'All Year 7 students are curious. I am a Year 7 student. Therefore, I am curious.' This is valid, but is it sound? You will practise constructing and examining arguments like this throughout the course.
在哲学中，论证不是吵架——它是一种推理链条。一个论证包含前提（理由）和结论（从这些理由中推出的东西）。一个好的论证必须逻辑有效（如果前提为真，则结论必定为真）并且可靠（前提确实为真）。例如：“所有 Year 7 学生都充满好奇心。我是一名 Year 7 学生。因此，我充满好奇心。”这个论证是有效的，但它可靠吗？你将在整个课程中练习构建和检验这样的论证。
4. Logic and Common Fallacies | 逻辑与常见谬误
Philosophers use logic to avoid mistakes in reasoning. A fallacy is a flaw in an argument that makes it unsound even if it seems convincing. Common fallacies include attacking the person instead of their argument (ad hominem) and arguing that something is true because many people believe it (bandwagon fallacy). In Year 7 you will learn to spot these errors in everyday conversations, adverts and speeches, and you will practise removing them from your own thinking.
哲学家运用逻辑来避免推理中的错误。谬误是论证中的一种缺陷，即使它看起来有说服力，也会使其不可靠。常见谬误包括攻击提出论证的人而非论证本身（人身攻击），以及因为很多人都相信某事便认为它是真的（从众谬误）。在 Year 7，你将学会在日常对话、广告和演讲中发现这些错误，并练习在自己的思考中去除它们。
5. The Nature of Reality | 实在的本质
What is real? Is the world exactly as we perceive it? Philosophers have long asked whether there is a deeper reality behind appearances. You will explore Plato's Allegory of the Cave, where prisoners mistake shadows for the real world, and discuss questions like: 'Can we trust our senses?' and 'How do we know that the external world exists?' These activities train you to doubt obvious assumptions and look beyond the surface.
什么是实在？世界完全就是我们感知到的样子吗？哲学家们长期以来一直在追问，在表象背后是否存在着一个更深刻的实在。你将探索柏拉图的洞穴寓言，在这个寓言里，囚徒们错把影子当成了真实世界，并讨论这样的问题：“我们可以相信自己的感官吗？”以及“我们如何知道外部世界存在？”这些活动训练你去怀疑那些显而易见的假设，并透过表面看问题。
6. Mind and Body | 心灵与身体
Are you just a physical body, or is there something more – a mind or soul that is separate? This is the mind–body problem. Dualists argue that the mind and body are two different substances; materialists claim that only physical things exist and the mind is simply brain activity. Year 7 students explore this through thought experiments like the 'brain in a vat', asking whether a brain kept alive artificially could still be 'you'. There are no final answers, only deeper questions.
你只是一具物质性的身体吗？还是存在更多的东西——一个与之分离的心灵或灵魂？这就是心身问题。二元论者主张心与身是两种不同的实体；唯物主义者则声称只有物质性的事物存在，心灵仅仅是大脑的活动。Year 7 学生通过像“缸中之脑”这样的思想实验来探索这个问题，追问一个人工维持存活的大脑是否仍然可以是“你”。这里没有最终答案，只有更深层的问题。
7. Personal Identity: Who Am I? | 个人同一性：我是谁？
What makes you the same person over time? Is it your body, your memories, your personality, or something else? Philosophers use the 'Ship of Theseus' puzzle to ask: if you gradually replace every part of something, does it remain the same object? Applied to a person, if your cells renew and your memories change, are you still the self you were at age five? You will investigate theories of personal identity and reflect on what truly defines you.
是什么让你在一段时间后仍然是同一个人？是你的身体、你的记忆、你的性格，还是别的什么？哲学家用“忒修斯之船”的谜题来追问：如果你逐渐替换掉一个事物的每一个部分，它是否还是原来那个物体？应用到人身上，如果你的细胞更新，你的记忆发生改变，你是否还是五岁时的那个自己？你将研究关于个人同一性的各种理论，并反思到底是什么真正定义了你。
8. Introduction to Ethics | 伦理学导论
Ethics, or moral philosophy, examines how we ought to behave. Rather than just following rules, philosophers give reasons for moral judgements. In Year 7 you will meet concepts like right and wrong, good and bad, and duties and consequences. You will discuss everyday dilemmas – such as whether it is acceptable to keep money you find – and start to see that ethical thinking requires careful reflection, not gut feelings alone.
伦理学，或称道德哲学，审视我们应当如何行动。哲学家们不是简单地遵从规则，而是为道德判断提供理由。在 Year 7，你将接触诸如对与错、好与坏、义务与后果等概念。你将讨论日常生活中的两难困境——例如，捡到钱自己留下是否可以接受——并开始认识到，伦理思考需要细致的反省，而不仅仅是直觉感受。
9. How Should We Live? Ethical Theories | 我们应如何生活？伦理理论
Philosophers have developed frameworks to guide moral decisions. Utilitarianism says the right action is the one that produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Deontology, by contrast, says certain actions are right or wrong in themselves, regardless of consequences. Virtue ethics focuses on character and the kind of person we should become. As a Year 7 philosopher, you will apply these simple models to case studies – such as sharing, telling the truth or helping a friend – and evaluate which approach gives the best guidance.
哲学家们发展出了指导道德决策的框架。功利主义认为，正确的行为就是能为最多人带来最大幸福的行为。与此相对，义务论则认为，某些行为本身就是对的或错的，无论后果如何。德性伦理学则聚焦于品格以及我们应当成为怎样的人。作为一名 Year 7 的小哲学家，你将把这些简单模型应用到案例研究中——例如分享、说真话或帮助朋友——并评估哪种进路能提供最佳指引。
10. Philosophy and Religion | 哲学与宗教
In the WJEC curriculum, philosophy often sits alongside religious perspectives. You will explore how philosophical reasoning tackles questions like 'Does God exist?' and 'Why is there suffering in the world?' You will examine arguments such as the design argument and the problem of evil, and you will consider both theistic and non-theistic responses. The goal is not to promote one belief but to understand how philosophy offers tools to explore life’s biggest mysteries respectfully.
在 WJEC 课程中，哲学常常与宗教观点并行。你将探索哲学推理如何处理诸如“上帝存在吗？”以及“为什么世界上存在苦难？”之类的问题。你将审视诸如设计论证和恶的问题等论证，并思考有神论和非有神论的回应。目标不是推崇某一种信仰，而是理解哲学如何提供了工具，让我们以尊重的方式探索生命最大的奥秘。
11. Skills and Assessment in Year 7 Philosophy | Year 7 哲学的技能与评估
Throughout Year 7, you will be assessed not just on what you know but on how well you can think. WJEC-style tasks often involve explaining concepts, comparing viewpoints and giving your own justified opinion. The table below outlines the main assessment objectives you will practise.
在整个 Year 7 中，不仅会评估你懂得了什么，还会评估你的思考能力。WJEC 风格的任务通常包括解释概念、比较不同观点并给出你自己的、有理由支撑的看法。下表列出了你将练习的主要评估目标。
| Assessment Objective 评估目标 | What it means 含义 |
|---|---|
| AO1: Knowledge and Understanding 知识与理解 | Demonstrate knowledge of philosophical terms, ideas and thinkers. 展示对哲学术语、思想和思想家的了解。 |
| AO2: Analysis and Evaluation 分析与评价 | Break down arguments, assess strengths and weaknesses, and construct reasoned conclusions. 拆解论证，评估其优点与缺点，并构建有理有据的结论。 |
| AO3: Communication and Reflection 交流与反思 | Express ideas clearly, listen to others and refine your own views. 清晰地表达观点，倾听他人并完善自己的看法。 |
Typical tasks include completing a 'talking toolkit' where you respond to a philosophical question using a structured PEEL paragraph (Point, Evidence, Explain, Link). You will also take part in Socratic discussions where listening and building on others' ideas is just as important as contributing your own.
典型的任务包括完成一个“对话工具包”，让你使用结构化的 PEEL 段落（观点、证据、解释、联系）来回答哲学问题。你还将参加苏格拉底式讨论，在讨论中，倾听他人并在他人的想法之上推进思考，与提出自己的观点同样重要。
12. Key Thinkers You Will Meet | 你将结识的关键思想家
In Year 7, you are introduced to a few giants of philosophy in an accessible way. Socrates taught through questioning, never giving answers but pushing people to think for themselves – the Socratic method. Plato explored reality and knowledge with his allegories and forms. Aristotle focused on virtue and the good life. You may also encounter more modern voices such as Simone de Beauvoir on freedom or John Stuart Mill on happiness. These thinkers are not just names to memorise; they become conversation partners in your own philosophical journey.
在 Year 7，你将以浅显易懂的方式认识几位哲学巨匠。苏格拉底通过提问来教学，从不给出答案，而是推动人们自己思考——这便是苏格拉底方法。柏拉图通过他的寓言和理型探索实在与知识。亚里士多德则聚焦于德性和好的生活。你可能还会遇到更现代的声音，如西蒙娜·德·波伏娃论自由，或约翰·斯图尔特·密尔论幸福。这些思想家不仅仅是需要记住的名字；他们将成为你自身哲思之旅中的对话伙伴。
Published by TutorHao | Philosophy Revision Series | aleveler.com
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