📚 Year 7 WJEC Law: Practical Case Analysis Exercises | WJEC 法律七年级：案例分析实战演练
This guide provides Year 7 students following the WJEC curriculum with a structured approach to analysing legal case studies. Through practical exercises and clear steps, you will learn how to identify key facts, spot legal issues, apply rules and reach well-reasoned conclusions – essential skills for thinking like a lawyer.
本指南为遵循 WJEC 课程的七年级学生提供分析法律案例的结构化方法。通过实践练习和清晰步骤，你将学会如何识别关键事实、发现法律问题、应用规则并得出有充分理由的结论——这些是像律师一样思考的核心技能。
1. What is Case Analysis? | 什么是案例分析？
Case analysis is the process of breaking down a legal scenario into its essential parts. It involves reading a story about a dispute, identifying who did what to whom, and deciding what the law says about it. Lawyers and judges use this method every day to solve real problems.
案例分析是将法律场景分解为基本要素的过程。它包括阅读一个关于纠纷的故事，确定谁对谁做了什么，并决定法律对此有何规定。律师和法官每天都使用这种方法解决实际问题。
In Year 7, cases are simplified but follow the same logic. You will learn to spot the relevant details and show how legal rules lead to a fair result. No prior legal knowledge is needed – just a willingness to think logically.
在七年级，案例被简化但遵循相同的逻辑。你将学会找出相关细节，并展示法律规则如何得出公平结果。不需要先前的法律知识——只需要愿意进行逻辑思考。
2. The Four Steps of Case Analysis | 案例分析的四个步骤
We break down case analysis into four clear steps. Mastering each step helps you build a complete argument and avoid jumping to conclusions too quickly. These steps form the backbone of all WJEC case study questions.
我们将案例分析分解为四个清晰步骤。掌握每一步有助于你建立完整的论证，并避免过快得出结论。这些步骤构成了所有 WJEC 案例分析题的支柱。
Step 1: Facts – What happened?
Step 2: Issue – What legal question does the case raise?
Step 3: Rule – Which law or principle applies?
Step 4: Application & Conclusion – How does the rule apply to the facts, and what is the outcome?
第一步：事实 – 发生了什么？
第二步：问题 – 本案提出了什么法律问题？
第三步：规则 – 适用哪个法律或原则？
第四步：应用与结论 – 该规则如何适用于事实，结果是什么？
3. Step 1: Identifying the Facts | 第一步：识别事实
Start by reading the scenario twice. On the first read, get a general sense of the story. On the second read, underline or highlight the names, actions, dates and any objects involved. Only record what actually happened, not what you think should have happened.
开始时将场景阅读两遍。第一遍阅读，了解故事的大致内容。第二遍阅读时，划出或高亮姓名、行为、日期和所涉及的物品。只记录实际发生的事情，而不是你认为应当发生的事情。
For example, in a case about a borrowed jacket that was returned torn, the facts would include: who borrowed it, when it was borrowed, the condition when lent, the damage discovered on return, and any conversation about the damage.
例如，在一个关于借出的夹克被归还时已撕破的案例中，事实将包括：谁借了它，何时借出，借出时的状况，归还时发现的损坏，以及任何关于损坏的对话。
4. Step 2: Spotting the Legal Issue | 第二步：发现法律问题
The issue is the question you need to answer by applying the law. It often starts with 'whether' or 'is'. Common issues in Year 7 cases involve negligence, trespass, breach of promise, or borrowing without permission. Framing the issue precisely keeps your analysis focused.
法律问题就是需要通过适用法律来回答的问题。它通常以 “是否” 或 “……是……吗” 开头。七年级案例中的常见问题涉及过失、侵入、违背承诺或未经许可的借用。准确地界定问题可使你的分析保持专注。
Example: 'Whether Alex is responsible for the broken vase he knocked over while running indoors.' The issue lets you search for a rule that deals with careless actions causing damage.
例如：“亚历克斯是否对他在室内跑步时碰倒的花瓶负有责任。” 这个问题让你能够寻找一条处理因粗心行为造成损害的法律规则。
5. Step 3: Finding the Relevant Rule | 第三步：找到相关规则
Every legal issue connects to a rule or principle. In Year 7, you will work with simple rules taught in class: taking care of borrowed items, not damaging others' property, keeping promises, acting safely in shared spaces. State the rule clearly and in your own words.
每个法律问题都与一条规则或原则相关联。在七年级，你将使用课堂上教授的一些简单规则：照管好借来的物品，不损坏他人财产，遵守诺言，在共享空间中安全行事。要用自己的话说清楚规则。
Example rule: 'A person who runs in a crowded or fragile environment must stop if they see a risk of causing harm. Failing to stop can make them liable for the damage.' Linking the rule to the facts is the next crucial step.
例如规则：“在拥挤或易碎环境中奔跑的人如果看到有造成伤害的风险时必须停下来。未能停下可能使其对损害负责。” 将规则与事实联系起来是下一个关键步骤。
6. Step 4: Applying the Rule and Drawing a Conclusion | 第四步：应用规则并得出结论
Now explain how the rule fits the facts. Use phrases like 'Because Alex chose to run past the vase when he could have walked, his action was careless. Under the rule about acting safely indoors, he is responsible for the breakage.' The conclusion must flow logically from your application.
现在解释规则如何适用于事实。使用诸如 “因为亚历克斯本可以走过花瓶却选择跑过，他的行为是粗心的。根据在室内安全行为的规则，他应对破损负责。” 的短语。结论必须从你的应用中合乎逻辑地得出。
In your conclusion, state the outcome simply: 'Therefore, Alex should pay for the vase.' Then briefly explain why this is fair, which shows deeper understanding and earns higher marks in WJEC assessments.
在结论中，简单地说明结果：“因此，亚历克斯应该赔偿花瓶。” 然后简要解释为什么这是公平的，这显示出更深的理解，并在 WJEC 评估中获得更高分数。
7. Practice Case 1: The Borrowed Bicycle | 实战案例一：借出的自行车
The facts: Maya lent her bike to her friend Leo for the weekend. Maya told Leo that the brakes were a bit weak and asked him to ride slowly. On Sunday, Leo went down a steep hill, could not stop in time, and crashed into a fence. The bike's front wheel is now bent.
事实：玛雅将她的自行车借给朋友利奥度周末。玛雅告诉利奥刹车有点不灵，要求他骑慢点。周日，利奥骑着车下了一个陡坡，无法及时停下来，撞上了栅栏。自行车的前轮现在弯曲了。
Issue: Is Leo responsible for the damage to the bike?
Rule: A person borrowing an item must follow the owner's instructions and take reasonable care to avoid damage. If they ignore a known risk, they can be held liable for any harm that results.
问题：利奥是否对自行车的损坏负责？
规则：借用物品的人必须遵守物主的使用说明，并采取合理的注意以避免损坏。如果他们忽视已知风险，则需对由此造成的任何损害负责。
Application: Leo knew the brakes were weak because Maya warned him. Choosing to go down a steep hill was not acting with reasonable care. The crash was a direct result of ignoring the warning.
Conclusion: Leo should pay for the repair of the front wheel.
应用：利奥知道刹车不灵，因为玛雅警告过他。选择下陡坡不算合理注意。撞车是忽视警告的直接后果。
结论：利奥应当支付前轮修理费。
8. Practice Case 2: The Noisy Party | 实战案例二：喧闹的聚会
Facts: Sam threw a birthday party at home. His neighbour, Mr. Chen, asked him twice to turn down the music after 10 pm, but Sam refused. Mr. Chen could not sleep and had a headache the next day. There is a local rule that loud noise must stop by 10:30 pm.
事实：萨姆在家举办生日聚会。他的邻居陈先生两次要求他在晚上 10 点后将音乐声调低，但萨姆拒绝了。陈先生无法入睡，第二天头痛。当地有一条规定，喧闹的噪音必须在晚上 10:30 之前停止。
Issue: Did Sam break the local noise rule, and what should happen?
Rule: Residents must not make loud noise after the set time. If a person continues despite requests to stop, they may have to apologise or pay a small fine in school-level exercises.
问题：萨姆是否违反了当地噪音规定，后果应是什么？
规则：居民在设定时间后不得制造喧闹噪音。如果某人不顾劝阻继续制造噪音，在学校层面的练习中可能必须道歉或支付小额罚款。
Application: Sam played loud music after 10 pm and ignored two polite requests. The music went past 10:30 pm, so he clearly broke the rule. Mr. Chen suffered loss of sleep and a headache.
Conclusion: Sam should apologise to Mr. Chen and could be given a warning or a fine under the rule.
应用：萨姆在晚上 10 点后仍大声播放音乐，并两次忽视礼貌要求。音乐持续到 10:30 之后，因此他显然违反了规定。陈先生遭受了失眠和头痛。
结论：萨姆应向陈先生道歉，并可能根据规定被警告或罚款。
9. Practice Case 3: The Broken Phone Screen | 实战案例三：手机屏幕破损
Facts: During lunch break, Ellie accidentally bumped into Tom's table while carrying a tray. Tom's phone fell off the table and the screen cracked. Ellie says it was an accident, but Tom says Ellie must pay because she was not looking where she was going.
事实：午休时，艾莉端着托盘不小心撞到了汤姆的桌子。汤姆的手机从桌子上掉下来，屏幕碎裂了。艾莉说这是个意外，但汤姆说艾莉必须赔偿，因为她走路时没有看路。
Issue: Is Ellie liable for the cracked screen?
Rule: Everyone has a duty to take reasonable care to avoid causing damage to other people's property. If someone fails to notice an obvious risk and damage occurs, they may be responsible even if they did not intend the harm.
问题：艾莉是否对屏幕碎裂负有责任？
规则：每个人都有责任采取合理的注意，以避免对他人的财产造成损害。如果某人未能注意到明显的风险并造成损害，即使他们并非故意，也可能需要负责。
Application: Ellie was carrying a tray in a crowded area. Looking ahead is part of taking reasonable care. Bumping into the table caused the phone to fall. Her lack of attention directly led to the damage.
Conclusion: Ellie should contribute towards the cost of a screen repair, as she failed to take reasonable care.
应用：艾莉在拥挤区域端着托盘。向前看是合理注意的一部分。撞到桌子导致手机掉落。她的注意力缺失直接导致了损害。
结论：艾莉应承担部分屏幕维修费用，因为她没有采取合理注意。
10. Using a Case Analysis Table | 使用案例分析表格
To organise your ideas before writing a full answer, complete a simple table. This helps you check that you haven't missed any step and makes your argument easier to follow. Many WJEC classroom tasks ask for a table before the written paragraph.
为了在写完整答案前整理思路，可填写一个简单的表格。这有助于检查你是否遗漏了任何步骤，并使你的论证更易理解。许多 WJEC 课堂任务要求先填写表格，再写段落。
| Step | Your Notes |
|---|---|
| Facts | List only what the text tells you. |
| Issue | Write the key question starting with 'Whether...' |
| Rule | State the legal rule or principle in one sentence. |
| Application | Explain how the rule connects to the facts. |
| Conclusion | What is the outcome? Is someone responsible? |
11. Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them | 常见错误及如何避免
Many students jump straight to a conclusion without explaining the rule or linking it to the facts. This loses marks because the reasoning is missing. Always show every step, even if the answer seems obvious.
许多学生直接跳到结论，而没有解释规则或将规则与事实联系起来。这会导致失分，因为缺少推理过程。即使答案显而易见，也要始终展示每个步骤。
Another mistake is mixing up facts with personal opinions. Saying 'Tom should have put his phone away' is an opinion, not a fact from the case. Stick strictly to what is written and what the law says. Also avoid using complex legal terms you do not yet fully understand – clear simple language works best.
另一个错误是将事实与个人观点混淆。说 “汤姆本应把手机收好” 是一种观点，而非案例中的事实。严格遵循文本内容和法律规定。同时避免使用你尚未完全理解的复杂法律术语——清晰简单的语言效果最好。
12. Tips for Top Marks in WJEC Case Analysis | 在 WJEC 案例分析中获得高分的小贴士
Always use the 'because' test – if you can say 'X is liable because…' and cite both rule and fact, your reasoning is strong. Practise with everyday situations: a sibling borrowing your things, a school rule being broken, a ball damaging a window – apply the four steps to build your skill.
始终使用 “因为” 测试——如果你能说 “某人负责是因为……”，并引用规则和事实，那么你的推理就很有力。用日常情境练习：兄弟姐妹借用了你的东西、违反了校规、球砸坏了窗户——运用四个步骤来锻炼技能。
In timed tasks, spend about a third of your time planning (facts, issue, rule) and the rest writing. Don't be afraid to say a case is uncertain – if two rules seem to point different ways, discuss both and explain which one you think should win and why. Showing balanced thinking impresses examiners.
在计时任务中，花大约三分之一的时间规划（事实、问题、规则），其余时间写作。不要害怕说某个案件不确定——如果两条规则似乎指向不同的方向，讨论两者并解释你认为哪一条应占上风及其原因。展现平衡思考能给考官留下深刻印象。
Published by TutorHao | Law Revision Series | aleveler.com
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