📚 Year 7 WJEC Computer Science: Summer Preparation & Bridging Course | Year 7 WJEC 计算机：暑期预习与衔接课程
Starting secondary school brings new subjects, and Computer Science often excites curious minds. This summer bridging course introduces the key ideas you will meet in Year 7 under the WJEC curriculum. You will explore what Computer Science really means, how computers think, and why coding is just one part of a much bigger picture. By working through these topics now, you can step into your first lessons feeling confident and ready to learn.
进入中学意味着新学科的到来，计算机科学常常让充满好奇心的学生兴奋不已。这份暑期衔接课程将带你认识 WJEC 课程中 Year 7 将要接触的核心概念。你会发现计算机科学究竟包含哪些内容、计算机怎样思考，以及为什么编程只是整个学科的一部分。现在提前了解这些内容，能让你自信满满地走进开学第一课。
1. What is Computer Science? | 什么是计算机科学？
Computer Science is the study of how computers work and how we can use them to solve problems. It is not just about using software; it involves understanding the principles behind hardware, data, networks and programming. In Year 7, you will begin to see that Computer Science helps us design solutions, create digital systems and think logically.
计算机科学研究计算机如何工作以及我们如何利用它们解决问题。它不仅关乎使用软件，还涉及理解硬件、数据、网络和编程背后的原理。在 Year 7，你将开始认识到计算机科学有助于我们设计解决方案、创建数字系统并进行逻辑思考。
You will hear the term 'computational thinking' often. It means breaking down tasks into smaller steps, recognising patterns and building step-by-step instructions. Whether you want to become a game developer or simply use technology wisely, Computer Science gives you the tools to understand the digital world.
你会经常听到“计算思维”这个词。它意味着将任务分解成更小的步骤、识别模式并建立分步指令。无论你将来想成为一名游戏开发者，还是只是想明智地使用技术，计算机科学都将为你提供理解数字世界的工具。
2. Computational Thinking: A Problem‑Solving Toolkit | 计算思维：解决问题的工具箱
Computational thinking is a way of thinking that helps you tackle problems like a computer scientist. It has four main techniques: decomposition (breaking a problem into parts), pattern recognition (spotting similarities), abstraction (ignoring unimportant details) and algorithm design (creating a plan). In Year 7, you will use these techniques in unplugged activities and simple coding tasks.
计算思维是一种帮助你像计算机科学家一样处理问题的思维方式。它包含四种主要技术：分解（把问题分成多个部分）、模式识别（找出相似之处）、抽象（忽略不重要的细节）和算法设计（制定计划）。在 Year 7，你将通过不插电活动和简单的编程任务来运用这些技术。
agine you need to get ready for school in the morning. Decomposition would split this into ‘wake up’, ‘have breakfast’, ‘ sign writes down a clear sequence: wake up → brush teeth → eat → pack bag → go. This way of thinking transfers directly to writing computer programs.
举个例子，想象你需要早上准备上学。分解会将其拆分为“起床”“吃早餐”“收拾书包”。模式识别会发现你每天都会刷牙。抽象会让你忽略袜子的颜色。算法设计则写下清晰的顺序：起床→刷牙→吃早餐→收拾书包→出发。这种思维方式可以直接迁移到编写计算机程序中。
3. Algorithms: Step‑by‑Step Instructions | 算法：一步一步的指令
An algorithm is a set of clear, step-by-step instructions to complete a task or solve a problem. You use algorithms every day without realising it – a recipe is an algorithm, a dance routine is an algorithm, and even tying your shoelaces follows an algorithmic pattern. In Computer Science, we write algorithms that computers can follow.
算法是一组清晰、逐步的指令，用来完成一项任务或解决一个问题。你每天都在无意识地使用算法——一份菜谱就是一个算法，一套舞蹈动作也是一个算法，甚至系鞋带也遵循着一种算法模式。在计算机科学中，我们编写的是计算机能够遵循的算法。
Year 7 students often draw flowcharts to represent algorithms. Flowcharts use symbols like ovals (start/end), rectangles (processes) and diamonds (decisions). They help you check whether your instructions are in the right order and whether you have covered every possible path. You will practice creating flowcharts for everyday activities and for simple computer programs.
Year 7 的学生经常用流程图来表示算法。流程图使用椭圆形（开始/结束）、矩形（过程）和菱形（判断）等符号。它们能帮助你检查指令顺序是否正确，是否涵盖了所有可能的路径。你将练习为日常活动和简单的计算机程序创建流程图。
4. Introduction to Programming with Scratch | 用 Scratch 入门编程
Scratch is a block‑based programming language designed to help beginners learn coding concepts without worrying about typing mistakes. You drag colourful code blocks together to create animations, games and stories. WJEC Year 7 often uses Scratch because it makes programming visible and fun while teaching sequences, loops, conditions and variables.
Scratch 是一种基于积木块的编程语言，旨在帮助初学者学习编程概念，无须担心打字错误。你将彩色的代码块拖放到一起，创造出动画、游戏和故事。WJEC Year 7 经常使用 Scratch，因为它让编程变得可见而有趣，同时还能教授顺序、循环、条件和变量等概念。
In a bridging activity, try creating a simple Scratch project: make a cat sprite move across the screen and say 'Hello'. You will use a 'when green flag clicked' event block, a 'move 10 steps' motion block and a 'say Hello for 2 seconds' looks block. This introduces the idea that programs are built from events, actions and control structures. Experimenting before Year 7 will build your confidence.
在衔接活动中，尝试创建一个简单的 Scratch 项目：让一只小猫精灵在屏幕上移动并说“你好”。你将用到“当绿旗被点击”事件模块、“移动 10 步”运动模块和“说 你好 2 秒”外观模块。这让你初步了解程序是由事件、动作和控制结构构成的。在 Year 7 之前动手实验有助于建立信心。
5. Understanding Computer Hardware | 了解计算机硬件
A computer consists of physical parts called hardware. The main hardware components you will learn about in Year 7 are the central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM and storage), input devices and output devices. The CPU is the 'brain' that carries out instructions, while RAM holds data temporarily for quick access.
计算机由称为硬件的物理部件组成。在 Year 7，你将学习的主要硬件组件包括中央处理器（CPU）、存储器（RAM 和存储设备）、输入设备和输出设备。CPU 是执行指令的“大脑”，而 RAM 则临时保存数据以便快速访问。
Input devices, like keyboards, mice and touchscreens, allow us to send information into the computer. Output devices, like monitors and speakers, show us the results. Understanding these basics helps you appreciate why a computer can run multiple programs at once and why saving a file stores it permanently on a hard drive or solid‑state drive.
输入设备，如键盘、鼠标和触摸屏，使我们能够向计算机发送信息。输出设备，如显示器和扬声器，则向我们显示结果。了解这些基础知识有助于你理解为什么计算机能同时运行多个程序，以及为什么保存文件会将它永久存储在硬盘或固态硬盘上。
6. Data and Binary: The Language of Computers | 数据与二进制：计算机的语言
Computers store and process all data – text, images, sound – as numbers. At the lowest level, these numbers are represented using only two digits: 0 and 1. This system is called binary. In Year 7, you will learn how to convert small binary numbers into denary (our usual base‑10 numbers) and understand why binary is so important for digital circuits.
计算机将所有的数据——文本、图像、声音——以数字形式存储和处理。在最底层，这些数字只用两个数字表示：0 和 1。这种系统被称为二进制。在 Year 7，你将学习如何将小的二进制数转换为十进制数（我们常用的基数为 10 的数），并理解为什么二进制对数字电路如此重要。
A binary digit ('bit') can be on (1) or off (0). By grouping eight bits together, we get a byte, which can represent 256 different values. You might practice reading binary numbers like 1010, which equals 10 in denary. Knowing binary helps explain why computer memory is measured in kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes, and how colours are stored in pixels.
一个二进制位（比特）可以是开（1）或关（0）。将八个位组合在一起，我们就得到了一个字节，它可以表示 256 种不同的值。你可能会练习阅读像 1010 这样的二进制数，它等于十进制的 10。了解二进制有助于解释为什么计算机内存以千字节、兆字节和吉字节来衡量，以及颜色如何存储在像素中。
7. How the Internet and Networks Work | 互联网与网络如何工作
A network is two or more computers connected together to share resources and information. The internet is a global network of networks. In Year 7 WJEC, you will explore the difference between a local area network (LAN) at school or home, and a wide area network (WAN) that covers large distances.
网络是指两台或多台计算机连接在一起以共享资源和信息。互联网是一个由网络组成的全球网络。在 Year 7 WJEC 中，你将探索局域网（LAN，如在学校或家庭中）与覆盖大片区域的广域网（WAN）之间的区别。
Key concepts include IP addresses, which identify devices on a network, and protocols, which are rules computers follow to communicate. You might also learn about how information travels in small data packets and gets reassembled at its destination. Understanding these ideas makes you a more informed digital citizen.
关键概念包括用于标识网络设备的 IP 地址，以及计算机在通信时所遵循的规则——协议。你还可能学到信息如何以小数据包的形式传输并在目的地重新组合。理解这些概念将使你成为一个更懂行的数字公民。
8. Staying Safe Online: Cybersecurity Basics | 安全上网：网络安全基础
With the internet being part of everyday life, Year 7 students must learn how to protect themselves and their data. Cybersecurity covers principles like creating strong passwords, recognising phishing emails and keeping personal information private. The WJEC curriculum includes these important life skills.
由于互联网已成为日常生活的一部分，Year 7 的学生必须学会如何保护自己及自己的数据。网络安全涵盖了创建强密码、识别钓鱼邮件和保护个人信息隐私等原则。WJEC 课程纳入了这些重要的生活技能。
You will learn to evaluate the reliability of online sources and understand the dangers of sharing too much on social media. Practical tips include using a combination of letters, numbers and symbols in passwords, and never reusing the same password for multiple accounts. Simple habits like locking your screen when you walk away also help keep your data safe.
你将学习评估网络信息的可靠性，并理解在社交媒体上过度分享的危险。实用技巧包括在密码中使用字母、数字和符号的组合，并且绝不在多个账户中重复使用同一个密码。像离开时锁定屏幕这样的简单习惯也有助于保护数据安全。
9. Software: Applications and Operating Systems | 软件：应用程序与操作系统
Without software, hardware is just metal and plastic. Software tells the computer what to do. The two main types are system software (like operating systems – Windows, macOS, Android) and application software (like word processors, games and web browsers). You will explore these categories in Year 7.
没有软件，硬件不过是金属和塑料。软件告诉计算机该做什么。主要有两种类型：系统软件（如操作系统——Windows、macOS、Android）和应用软件（如文字处理程序、游戏和网络浏览器）。你将在 Year 7 探索这些分类。
An operating system manages hardware resources, provides a user interface and allows you to run applications. Application software helps you perform specific tasks. You will also touch on the idea of file formats – for example, .docx for Word documents, .jpg for images – and why different programs need files saved in certain formats.
操作系统管理硬件资源、提供用户界面并允许你运行应用程序。应用软件帮助你完成特定任务。你还将接触到文件格式的概念——例如，Word 文档是 .docx，图像是 .jpg——以及为什么不同的程序需要以特定格式保存文件。
10. Digital Literacy and File Management | 数字素养与文件管理
Being able to use technology effectively is a key skill. Digital literacy means knowing how to organise your files, use cloud storage, name folders sensibly and retrieve documents quickly. In Year 7, teachers expect you to manage your schoolwork across different devices and platforms.
能够有效运用技术是一项关键技能。数字素养意味着懂得如何整理文件、使用云端存储、合理命名文件夹以及快速检索文档。在 Year 7，老师希望你能在不同的设备和平台上管理学业内容。
Start practicing by creating a clear folder structure on your home computer: perhaps a ‘Year 7’ folder with subfolders for ‘Computing’, ‘Maths’, ‘English’ and so on. Use descriptive file names like ‘Simulation_Report_v2.docx’ instead of ‘Doc1.docx’. This small habit saves time and reduces frustration when deadlines loom.
你可以开始在家用电脑上建立一个清晰的文件夹结构：也许建一个“Year 7”文件夹，里面再按“Computing”“Maths”“English”等设置子文件夹。使用描述性的文件名，如“Simulation_Report_v2.docx”，而不是“Doc1.docx”。这个小习惯能节省时间，在截止日期临近时减少烦恼。
11. The Design Process: From Idea to Digital Product | 设计流程：从创意到数字产品
Creating digital products – whether a simple animation or a website – follows a design process. You begin by understanding the problem, planning your solution, building a prototype, testing it and then reviewing what could be improved. This cycle appears in many Year 7 project tasks.
创建数字产品——无论是一个简单的动画还是一个网站——都遵循一个设计过程。你首先要理解问题，计划解决方案，构建原型，进行测试，然后审视可以改进的地方。这个循环出现在许多 Year 7 的项目任务中。
For example, if you are designing a quiz in Scratch, you first write down the questions (analysis), sketch the screens (design), code the blocks (implementation), check for bugs (testing) and ask a friend to play it (evaluation). This methodical approach mirrors how professional developers work.
例如，如果你要在 Scratch 中设计一个问答游戏，你需要先写下问题（分析），画出界面草图（设计），编写代码块（实施），检查错误（测试），并请朋友来玩（评估）。这种有条理的方法反映了专业开发人员的工作方式。
12. Bridging Tasks: What You Can Do Over Summer | 衔接任务：暑期你可以做什么
To get a head start, you can try a few simple activities that reinforce Year 7 concepts. Write an algorithm for making a sandwich and test it on a family member (they must follow your instructions exactly – even the silly ones!). Build a Scratch project that tells a short story with two characters. Draw a flowchart for choosing what to wear based on the weather.
为了领先一步，你可以尝试几个简单的活动来巩固 Year 7 的概念。写一个做三明治的算法，并在家人身上测试（他们必须严格遵循你的指令——即使是可笑的那些！）。构建一个 Scratch 项目，用两个角色讲述一个简短的故事。根据天气情况，画一个选择穿什么衣服的流程图。
You can also open up an old computer with adult supervision and identify the main hardware parts. Visit a free coding tutorial site like Scratch or Code.org. The more you explore, the more connections you will make when you start school. Remember, Computer Science is learned by doing, not just by reading.
你还可以在成年人的监督下打开一台旧电脑，辨认主要的硬件部件。访问免费的编程教程网站，如 Scratch 或 Code.org。你探索得越多，开学时就越能建立起联系。请记住，计算机科学是通过实践来学习的，而不仅仅是阅读。
Published by TutorHao | WJEC Computer Science Revision Series | aleveler.com
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