📚 Year 7 WJEC Computer Science: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | WJEC 7年级计算机科学：词汇速记指南
Welcome to your quick-fire vocabulary booster for Year 7 WJEC Computer Science. This guide breaks down the most important terms you will meet in class, offering clear definitions and mnemonics to lock them into your long-term memory. Use these paired explanations to strengthen both your understanding and your ability to talk about computing confidently in English and Chinese.
欢迎使用这份 WJEC 7年级计算机科学词汇速记指南。我们拆解了课堂上最关键的术语，给出简明的定义和记忆妙招，帮你把词汇牢牢印在脑海里。通过配对解释，你可以同时提升对概念的理解，并自信地用中英双语讨论计算机话题。
1. Input and Output Devices | 输入与输出设备
Input Device: a piece of hardware that sends data or control signals into a computer. Common examples are the keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, microphone and scanner. The key idea is data flowing into the system.
输入设备：一种用来把数据或控制信号送入计算机的硬件。常见例子有键盘、鼠标、触摸屏、麦克风和扫描仪。核心点是数据“流入”系统。
Memory hook: think of 'IN-put' – information goes IN. Visualise a keyboard typing letters inside a glowing monitor.
记忆挂钩：联想“输入”的“入”字——信息走进计算机。想象键盘敲出的字母飞进发光的显示器里。
Output Device: hardware that takes processed data from the computer and presents it to the user. Examples include monitors, speakers, printers and headphones. Data moves out of the computer.
输出设备：把计算机处理后的数据展示给用户的硬件。例子有显示器、音箱、打印机和耳机。数据从计算机“流出”。
Memory hook: 'OUT-put' – the computer sends something OUT. Picture a printer pushing out a colourful worksheet.
记忆挂钩：联系“输出”的“出”字——计算机把结果送出来。想象打印机吐出一张彩色作业单。
2. Storage: Primary and Secondary Memory | 存储：主存与辅存
RAM (Random Access Memory): temporary, fast memory that holds the data and programs the CPU is currently using. It is volatile, meaning all content is lost when the power is switched off.
内存（随机存取存储器）：一种临时且快速的工作记忆，存放 CPU 当前正在使用的数据和程序。它是易失性的，断电后所有内容都会丢失。
Memory hook: think of RAM as a whiteboard – you scribble ideas while working, but they vanish at the end of the lesson.
记忆挂钩：把内存想象成课堂白板——你写字计算时用，一下课所有笔迹就擦掉了。
ROM (Read Only Memory): non-volatile memory that stores the essential startup instructions (BIOS/firmware). Its contents remain even when the computer is turned off.
只读存储器：一种非易失性存储器，保存开机必需的基础指令（BIOS/固件）。它的内容在关机后也不会消失。
Memory hook: ROM is like a printed instruction manual sealed inside the machine – you can read it, but you cannot scribble over it.
记忆挂钩：ROM 就像机器里密封的纸质说明书——你能读，但不能在上面乱画。
Secondary Storage: long-term storage that keeps data permanently until the user deletes it. Examples: hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD), USB flash drive, memory card.
辅助存储器：永久保存数据的长期存储，直到用户主动删除。例子：机械硬盘、固态硬盘、U盘、存储卡。
Memory hook: secondary storage is your school locker – you keep books and files there overnight and can retrieve them tomorrow.
记忆挂钩：辅助存储器就像学校储物柜——你可以把书本习题锁进去，过夜也不会消失，明天再取出来。
3. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) | 中央处理器
CPU (Central Processing Unit): the 'brain' of the computer. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them and executes them. Modern CPUs contain multiple cores so they can handle several tasks at once.
中央处理器：计算机的“大脑”。它从内存取指令、译码并执行。现代 CPU 内含多个内核，可以同时处理多个任务。
Memory hook: think of the CPU as the school headteacher's office – decisions are made there, and instructions are sent to every classroom (component).
记忆挂钩：把 CPU 想象成校长的办公室——所有决定都在那儿做出，然后把指令发往各个教室（部件）。
Clock Speed: measured in gigahertz (GHz), it shows how many cycles the CPU can complete per second. Higher clock speed usually means a faster processor.
时钟频率：以吉赫兹 (GHz) 度量，表示 CPU 每秒能完成的周期数。时钟频率越高，处理器通常越快。
Memory hook: imagine a musician's metronome – the faster the ticks, the more beats are played in a minute. CPU cycles work the same way.
记忆挂钩：想象一个节拍器——节拍越快，每分钟打的拍子就越多。CPU 的周期也是同样的道理。
4. Software: System and Application | 软件：系统软件与应用软件
System Software: programs that manage the computer's hardware and provide a platform for running application software. The operating system (OS) is the most important example, e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux.
系统软件：管理计算机硬件并为应用软件提供运行平台的程序。操作系统是最重要的例子，如 Windows、macOS 和 Linux。
Memory hook: system software is the backstage crew in a theatre – the audience never sees them, but without them the show cannot go on.
记忆挂钩：系统软件像剧院里的幕后团队——观众看不见他们，但没了他们演出就无法进行。
Application Software: programs designed for end-users to perform specific tasks. Examples: word processors, web browsers, games, spreadsheets.
应用软件：为最终用户完成特定任务而设计的软件。例子：文字处理软件、网页浏览器、游戏、电子表格。
Memory hook: application software equals the actors on stage – these are the stars you directly interact with.
记忆挂钩：应用软件等于台上的演员——这些是你直接互动的主角。
5. Networks and the Internet | 网络与互联网
Network: two or more computers connected together to share resources, files or an internet connection. Networks can be wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi).
网络：两台或多台计算机连接起来，以便共享资源、文件或互联网连接。网络可以是有线的（以太网）或无线的（Wi-Fi）。
Memory hook: a network is a spider's web of devices – each silk thread is a connection, and the spider in the middle is the router.
记忆挂钩：网络像一张蜘蛛网——每根丝是一条连接，中间的蜘蛛就是路由器。
The Internet: a global network of networks that connects millions of computers worldwide using protocols like TCP/IP. The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of web pages accessed over the internet.
互联网：一个全球性的网络之网，使用 TCP/IP 等协议将全球数百万台计算机连接起来。万维网 (WWW) 是通过互联网访问的网页集合。
Memory hook: the internet is the world's postal system delivering packets of data; the web is the colourful magazine you open once the mail arrives.
记忆挂钩：互联网是全球邮政系统，投递数据包裹；万维网则是你收到邮件后打开的彩色杂志。
IP Address: a unique string of numbers separated by dots that identifies each device on a network, e.g. 192.168.1.1.
IP 地址：一串用点分隔的唯一数字，用来标识网络上的每台设备，例如 192.168.1.1。
Memory hook: an IP address is your computer's home address – without it, the postman (data packets) would not know where to deliver letters.
记忆挂钩：IP 地址就像你家住址——没有它，邮递员（数据包）就不知道该把信送到哪里。
6. Data Representation | 数据表示
Binary: a number system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1. Computers use binary because their circuits can easily represent two states (on/off).
二进制：只使用两个数字 0 和 1 的计数系统。计算机采用二进制，因为电路可以轻松表示两种状态（开/关）。
Memory hook: binary is a light switch – up (1) or down (0). With enough switches, you can spell any number or letter.
记忆挂钩：二进制就像电灯开关——上 (1) 下 (0)。有了足够多的开关，你就能拼出任何数字或字母。
Bit: the smallest unit of data in a computer; a single binary digit, either 0 or 1.
比特：计算机中最小的数据单位；一个二进制数字，0 或 1。
it = a tiny seed. Eight seeds make a Byte, roughly enough to store one keyboard character.
记忆挂钩：bit 像一粒微小的种子。8 粒种子组成一个字节（Byte），刚好存一个键盘字符。
Bitmap Image: a picture made up of a grid of tiny coloured squares called pixels. The more pixels, the higher the resolution.
位图图像：由无数叫作像素的彩色小方格组成的画面。像素越多，分辨率越高。
Memory hook: think of a mosaic artwork – each tiny tile is a pixel; step back and you see the whole image.
记忆挂钩：想象一幅马赛克艺术品——每块小瓷砖就是一个像素；后退一步就能看到完整的图像。
7. Algorithms and Flowcharts | 算法与流程图
Algorithm: a step-by-step set of instructions to solve a problem or complete a task. It is like a detailed recipe.
算法：分步骤的指令集，用来解决问题或完成任务，就像一份详细的菜谱。
Memory hook: an algorithm is a cake recipe – skip one step, and the cake collapses. Computers follow recipes exactly.
记忆挂钩：算法就是蛋糕配方——跳过一个步骤，蛋糕就会塌掉。计算机会严格按配方操作。
Flowchart: a diagram that shows the steps of an algorithm using standard symbols. Ovals for start/end, rectangles for processes, diamonds for decisions, and arrows to show flow.
流程图：用标准符号展示算法步骤的图。椭圆表示开始/结束，矩形表示处理步骤，菱形表示判断，箭头表示流向。
Memory hook: flowcharts are treasure maps – you follow the arrows, and at every diamond you make a choice until you reach the treasure chest (the result).
记忆挂钩：流程图就像藏宝图——顺着箭头走，每个菱形都是一个岔路口，直到你抵达宝箱（结果）。
Debugging: the process of finding and fixing errors in a program or algorithm.
调试：查找并修正程序或算法中错误的过程。
Memory hook: debug literally means removing bugs (insects) that stop the machine working. Imagine cleaning tiny moths out of your code.
记忆挂钩：debug 字面意思是“除虫”——清除妨碍机器运作的虫子。想象把代码里的小飞蛾扫出去。
8. Programming Concepts | 编程概念
Sequence: putting instructions in the correct order so the computer runs them one after another.
顺序：把指令按正确次序排列，让计算机一条接一条执行。
Memory hook: sequence is a morning routine – you brush your teeth before you put on shoes, not the other way round.
记忆挂钩：顺序就是晨间流程——先刷牙再穿鞋，顺序反了就会手忙脚乱。
Variable: a named container in a program that stores a value, such as a score, a player's name or a counter. The value can change while the program runs.
变量：程序中一个命名的容器，用来存放数值，如分数、玩家名字或计数器。程序运行时数值可以改变。
Memory hook: a variable is a labelled jar on your desk – today it holds 5 marbles, tomorrow it might hold 3.
记忆挂钩：变量就像桌上有标签的罐子——今天装着 5 颗弹珠，明天可能装 3 颗。
Loop (Iteration): repeating a block of code multiple times. A 'repeat until' loop keeps going until a condition is met; a 'for' loop runs a set number of times.
循环（迭代）：多次重复执行一段代码。“重复直到”循环在条件满足前一直运行；“for”循环按设定次数运行。
Memory hook: a loop is a school bell timetable – the bell rings every 60 minutes (repeat), and you move to the next lesson until the day ends.
记忆挂钩：循环就像学校打铃课表——每 60 分钟响一次（重复），你转去下一节课，直到一天结束。
9. E-Safety and Digital Footprint | 网络安全与数字足迹
E-Safety: staying safe online by protecting personal information, recognising cyberbullying, and understanding the risks of sharing too much.
网络安全：通过保护个人信息、识别网络欺凌、理解过度分享的风险，安全地上网。
Memory hook: treat e-safety like road safety – stop, look and think before you cross a digital street.
记忆挂钩：把网络安全当成道路安全——过数字马路之前先停、看、想。
Digital Footprint: the trail of data you leave behind when you use the internet, such as social media posts, comments, search history and shopping habits.
数字足迹：你使用互联网时留下的数据痕迹，包括社交媒体发文、评论、搜索记录和购物习惯。
Memory hook: your digital footprint is like footprints in wet cement – once they set, they are permanent and everyone can see them.
记忆挂钩：数字足迹如同踩在未干水泥上的脚印——一旦凝固，就成为永久印记，人人都能看见。
Strong Password: a password that combines uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and symbols, and is at least 8–12 characters long. Avoid obvious words or birthdays.
强密码：混合大小写字母、数字和符号，且长度至少 8–12 个字符的密码。避免使用明显的单词或生日。
Memory hook: craft a password like a secret recipe – use a pinch of numbers, a dash of capitals and a sprinkle of symbols.
记忆挂钩：像调秘方一样造密码——捏一点数字，撒一把大写字母，再点缀些符号。
10. Computer System Hardware: Revisiting the Big Picture | 计算机硬件系统：总览回顾
Hardware: the physical parts of a computer you can touch, including internal components (motherboard, CPU, RAM) and external peripherals (keyboard, printer, mouse).
硬件：你能触摸到的计算机物理部件，包括内部组件（主板、CPU、内存）和外部外设（键盘、打印机、鼠标）。
hook: hardware = the body parts of a robot; software = the soul that tells it what to do.
记忆挂钩：硬件 = 机器人的身体部件；软件 = 指挥它行动的灵魂。
Motherboard: the main circuit board that connects all the hardware together, allowing data to travel between the CPU, RAM, storage and expansion cards.
主板：连接所有硬件的主电路板，让数据在 CPU、内存、存储器和扩展卡之间传输。
Memory hook: the motherboard is a city's road network – all vehicles (data) use it to travel between buildings (components).
记忆挂钩：主板就是城市的道路网——所有车辆（数据）都靠它在楼宇（部件）之间穿行。
USB (Universal Serial Bus): a standard connection used to plug devices into a computer, supporting communication and power. Flash drives, keyboards and cameras often use USB.
USB（通用串行总线）：一种标准连接方式，用于将设备插入计算机，支持通讯和供电。U盘、键盘和相机常用 USB 接口。
Memory hook: USB is a universal plug like a standard leg brick – it fits countless different toys (peripherals).
记忆挂钩：USB 就像乐高的标准连接砖——它适用于无数不同的玩具（外设）。
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