📚 Case Study in Action: Applying WJEC Year 7 Computing Concepts | WJEC 七年级计算机：案例分析实战演练
This article takes you through a hands-on case study designed for Year 7 students following the WJEC Computing curriculum. We will explore a realistic scenario — planning a school's new IT suite — to apply key computing concepts, from hardware and software to algorithms and e-safety. Each section links theory to practice, helping you build confidence for assessments.
本文将通过一个为遵循 WJEC 计算机课程大纲的七年级学生设计的动手案例研究，带您踏上一段学习旅程。我们将探讨一个真实的场景——规划一所学校新的信息技术套件——以应用关键的计算机概念，从硬件和软件到算法和电子安全。每个部分都将理论与实际联系起来，帮助您建立对测评的信心。
1. Setting the Scene: The School’s IT Upgrade | 场景设定：学校的IT升级
A secondary school has decided to replace its old computer lab with a modern IT suite. The headteacher asks a group of Year 7 students to research and recommend the best computing setup. You are part of that team and need to understand what makes a computer system work, how to keep data safe, and how to think like a programmer to solve problems.
一所中学决定用一个现代化的信息技术套件来替换其旧的计算机实验室。校长要求一组七年级学生进行研究，并推荐最佳的计算机配置。你是该团队的一员，需要理解计算机系统如何运作、如何保护数据安全，以及如何像程序员一样思考来解决问题。
2. Input and Output Devices: Choosing the Right Tools | 输入与输出设备：选择合适的工具
Your first task is to list the essential input and output devices for the new suite. An input device allows users to send data to the computer — examples include a keyboard for typing, a mouse for pointing, a touchscreen for direct interaction, and a microphone for voice commands. An output device shows or produces the result — monitors display visuals, speakers emit sound, and printers produce hard copies.
你的第一项任务是列出新套件所需的基本输入和输出设备。输入设备允许用户向计算机发送数据——例子包括用于打字的键盘、用于指向的鼠标、用于直接交互的触摸屏，以及用于语音命令的麦克风。输出设备显示或产生结果——显示器展示视觉信息，扬声器发出声音，打印机生成纸质副本。
You need to consider accessibility too. For instance, a trackball might be easier for some students than a mouse, and a large-print keyboard can help those with visual impairments. The school also wants interactive whiteboards, which act as both an input (touch) and an output (display) device.
你还需要考虑无障碍性。例如，轨迹球可能对一些学生来说比鼠标更容易使用，而大字键盘可以帮助视力受损的学生。学校还想要交互式白板，它既是输入（触摸）又是输出（显示）设备。
3. The Central Processing Unit: The Computer’s Brain | 中央处理器：计算机的大脑
The CPU, or processor, is the brain of the computer. It carries out instructions from programs using a cycle called fetch-decode-execute. The speed of a CPU is measured in gigahertz (GHz); a higher figure means more instructions per second. For a school lab, you don't need the fastest chip — a mid-range processor will handle word processing, web browsing, and coding tasks smoothly.
CPU，或称处理器，是计算机的大脑。它通过一个称为取指-解码-执行的周期来执行程序中的指令。CPU 的速度以千兆赫兹（GHz）为单位衡量；数字越高意味着每秒执行的指令越多。对于学校实验室来说，你不需要最快的芯片——一款中端处理器就能流畅处理文字处理、网页浏览和编程任务。
You also learn about cores. A dual-core processor can handle two instruction streams at once, making multitasking smoother. The school's computers will run several educational applications side by side, so a quad-core processor is a sensible choice.
你还了解到内核的概念。双核处理器可以同时处理两条指令流，使多任务处理更加流畅。学校的计算机将同时运行多个教育应用程序，因此四核处理器是一个明智的选择。
4. Memory and Storage: RAM vs. Hard Drive | 内存与存储：RAM 与硬盘
Memory and storage are often confused. RAM (Random Access Memory) is temporary, volatile memory that holds data and instructions the CPU is currently using. When you switch off the computer, RAM is wiped clean. Storage, like a hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD), keeps data permanently, including the operating system, software, and files.
内存和存储经常被混淆。RAM（随机存取存储器）是临时性的易失性存储器，保存着 CPU 当前正在使用的数据和指令。当你关闭计算机时，RAM 中的数据会被清除。存储设备，如硬盘驱动器（HDD）或固态驱动器（SSD），则永久保存数据，包括操作系统、软件和文件。
For the school suite, you recommend at least 8 GB of RAM so multiple applications can run without slowdowns. For storage, SSDs are faster and more durable than HDDs, but more expensive. A compromise could be a 256 GB SSD for the operating system and software, paired with an external HDD for student backups.
对于学校套件，你建议至少配置 8 GB 的 RAM，以便多个应用程序可以同时运行而不会变慢。对于存储设备，SSD 比 HDD 更快、更耐用，但价格更高。一个折中方案是使用 256 GB 的 SSD 存放操作系统和软件，再配合一个用于学生备份的外置 HDD。
5. Software Essentials: Operating System and Applications | 必备软件：操作系统与应用程序
Software is the set of instructions that tells hardware what to do. The most important piece is the operating system (OS), such as Windows, macOS, or Linux. The OS manages hardware, runs applications, and provides a user interface. The school currently uses Windows because most educational apps are compatible, but you also consider ChromeOS for its simplicity and low cost.
软件是告诉硬件做什么的一组指令。最重要的部分是操作系统（OS），如 Windows、macOS 或 Linux。操作系统管理硬件、运行应用程序，并提供用户界面。学校目前使用 Windows，因为大多数教育应用程序都兼容，但你也考虑 ChromeOS，因为它简单且成本低。
On top of the OS, you need application software: a word processor (like Microsoft Word), a spreadsheet program (Excel), presentation software (PowerPoint), and a web browser. For computing lessons, you will also install a block-based coding environment such as Scratch.
在操作系统之上，你需要应用软件：一个文字处理器（如 Microsoft Word）、一个电子表格程序（Excel）、演示文稿软件（PowerPoint）和一个网页浏览器。对于计算机课程，你还会安装一个基于块的编程环境，如 Scratch。
6. Networks and the Internet: Connecting the Lab | 网络与互联网：连接实验室
The IT suite needs a reliable network so students can share files and access the internet. A Local Area Network (LAN) connects computers within a small area using cables (Ethernet) or Wi-Fi. The school already has a LAN with a central switch and a router that connects to the internet via the broadband service provider.
信息技术套件需要一个可靠的网络，以便学生可以共享文件并访问互联网。局域网（LAN）使用电缆（以太网）或 Wi-Fi 在较小区域内连接计算机。学校已经有一个局域网，配有中央交换机和通过宽带服务提供商连接到互联网的路由器。
You suggest connecting the new computers to the existing network with Ethernet cables for speed and stability. Wi-Fi can be available for laptops and tablets, but wired connections are less prone to interference. You also note that the school’s internet traffic is filtered to block inappropriate content, in line with e-safety policies.
你建议使用以太网电缆将新计算机连接到现有网络，以获得速度和稳定性。无线网络可供笔记本电脑和平板电脑使用，但有线连接不太容易受到干扰。你还注意到，根据电子安全政策，学校的互联网流量经过过滤，以阻止不当内容。
7. Algorithmic Thinking: Designing a Room Layout | 算法思维：设计房间布局
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem. You decide to design the physical layout of the IT suite using algorithmic thinking. The task: arrange 30 computers, a teacher’s station, and an interactive whiteboard so that every student can see the board and the teacher can move around easily.
算法是解决问题的分步过程。你决定运用算法思维来设计信息技术套间的物理布局。任务内容是：布置 30 台计算机、一个教师工作站和一块交互式白板，确保每个学生都能看见白板，且教师能方便地走动。
Your algorithm in pseudocode:
你的伪代码算法如下：
START
Set rows = 6
Set computers_per_row = 5
Place teacher_station near interactive_whiteboard
FOR each row from 1 to rows
FOR each position from 1 to computers_per_row
Place computer_desk facing the interactive_whiteboard
END FOR
END FOR
Ensure gap between rows at least 1 metre
STOP
This simple algorithm breaks the problem into clear, repeatable steps. You also add a check: if the room is too narrow, reduce the number of rows and increase computers per row.
这个简单的算法将问题分解为清晰、可重复的步骤。你还添加了一项检查：如果房间太窄，则减少行数并增加每行的计算机数量。
8. Binary and Data Representation: Counting Seats Digitally | 二进制与数据表示：以数字方式数座位
Computers store all data in binary, using only 1s and 0s. To understand this, you count the number of chairs needed. The school has 30 computers, so you need 30 chairs. How is 30 represented in 8-bit binary?
计算机以二进制存储所有数据，只使用 1 和 0。为了理解这一点，你计算所需椅子的数量。学校有 30 台计算机，所以你需要 30 把椅子。30 在 8 位二进制中如何表示？
128s | 64s | 32s | 16s | 8s | 4s | 2s | 1s
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0
(0 × 128) + (0 × 64) + (0 × 32) + (1 × 16) + (1 × 8) + (1 × 4) + (1 × 2) + (0 × 1) = 30
So, 30 in binary is 00011110. This representation helps you appreciate how the computer records quantities. You also convert text: the letter ‘A’ is 01000001 in ASCII, which the computer uses to store and display characters.
因此，30 在二进制中是 00011110。这种表示方法有助于理解计算机如何记录数量。你还转换了文本：字母“A”在 ASCII 码中是 01000001，计算机用它来存储和显示字符。
9. Introduction to Programming: Scratch Simulation | 编程入门：Scratch 模拟
You are asked to create a simple interactive model of the IT suite using Scratch. The program should show the room layout and allow the user to click on a computer to see its specifications. This involves sequencing (the order of commands), selection (if…then decisions), and iteration (loops to place multiple sprites).
你被要求使用 Scratch 创建一个简单的信息技术套间互动模型。该程序应展示房间布局，并允许用户点击一台计算机来查看其规格。这涉及顺序（命令的顺序）、选择（如果……那么决策）和迭代（使用循环放置多个精灵）。
For instance, to draw the rows of desks, you might use a repeat loop:
例如，要绘制成排的桌子，你可能使用重复循环：
Repeat 6 times:
Move to next row position
Stamp desk sprite 5 times in a row
End repeat
By building this simulation, you practise computational thinking — decomposition (breaking the project into parts), pattern recognition (noticing the repeated layout), and abstraction (ignoring unnecessary details like chair colour).
通过构建这个模拟，你练习了计算思维——分解（将项目拆分成若干部分）、模式识别（注意到重复的布局）和抽象（忽略不必要的细节，如椅子的颜色）。
10. E-Safety and Digital Citizenship | 电子安全与数字公民意识
With the new IT suite, students will spend more time online. Your team must produce a one-page e-safety guide. Key rules include: never share personal details (full name, address, school) with strangers; think before posting — once something is online, it’s hard to delete; use strong passwords (a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols); and tell a trusted adult if you see something upsetting.
有了新的信息技术套间，学生们会在网上花费更多时间。你的团队必须制作一份一页纸的电子安全指南。关键规则包括：切勿与陌生人分享个人信息（全名、地址、学校）；发布前三思——一旦内容上传到网上，就很难删除；使用强密码（字母、数字和符号的组合）；如果看到令人不安的内容，要告诉一位值得信赖的成年人。
You also discuss cyberbullying — using technology to hurt or embarrass someone. The school’s policy states that any form of bullying, online or offline, will be dealt with seriously. You add a section about copyright: students must not download or share copyrighted music, videos, or software without permission.
你还讨论了网络欺凌——利用技术伤害或羞辱他人。学校的政策规定，任何形式的欺凌，无论是在线上还是线下，都将受到严肃处理。你添加了关于版权的部分：学生不得未经许可下载或分享受版权保护的音乐、视频或软件。
11. Presenting Your Findings: Communicating Clearly | 展示你的发现：清晰沟通
Now you compile all your research into a presentation for the headteacher. You use a slide structure: title (IT Suite Proposal); hardware choices (with pros/cons); software list; network diagram; floorplan algorithm; e-safety recommendations; and a budget estimate. Each slide uses bullet points, images, and short sentences to keep the audience engaged.
现在，你将所有研究汇编成一份给校长的演示文稿。你采用这样的幻灯片结构：标题（信息技术套间提案）；硬件选择（附优缺点）；软件列表；网络图；楼层平面布局算法；电子安全建议；以及预算估算。每张幻灯片使用项目符号、图片和短句，以保持听众的注意力。
You also demonstrate your Scratch model to show how an investment in interactive digital tools can enhance learning. The headteacher is impressed and gives the green light to the project.
你还演示了你的 Scratch 模型，以展示投资于交互式数字工具如何促进学习。校长对此印象深刻，并批准了该项目。
12. Reflection: What You’ve Learned | 反思：你学到了什么
This case study has shown how computing concepts work together in a real project. You’ve applied knowledge of hardware, software, networks, data representation, algorithms, programming, and e-safety. More importantly, you’ve practised solving problems like a computer scientist: breaking down tasks, thinking logically, and communicating results clearly.
本案例研究展示了计算机概念如何在一个真实项目中协同工作。你运用了硬件、软件、网络、数据表示、算法、编程和电子安全方面的知识。更重要的是，你练习了像计算机科学家一样解决问题：分解任务、合乎逻辑地思考，并清晰地传达结果。
When you sit your WJEC Year 7 assessment, you can draw on this experience — not just remembering facts, but understanding how they fit into the bigger picture of computing.
当你参加 WJEC 七年级测评时，你可以借鉴这一经验——不仅仅是记忆事实，而是理解它们如何融入计算机科学的整体图景中。
Published by TutorHao | WJEC Computing Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图