📚 Year 7 WJEC English Literature: Glossary Quick-Reference Guide | 7年级 WJEC 英语文学：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your fast-track glossary for Year 7 WJEC English Literature. This guide is designed to help you learn and remember the most important literary terms you will encounter when studying poetry, prose and drama. Each term is explained clearly, with examples you can picture in your mind, and a memory trick to lock it in. Keep this page handy while you read, revise and write about texts.
欢迎使用你的7年级 WJEC 英语文学速记指南。本指南旨在帮助你学习并记住在学习诗歌、散文和戏剧时最重要的文学术语。每个术语都有清晰的解释、能在脑海中构想的例子，以及一个帮助记忆的窍门。在阅读、复习和写作时，请随时翻阅此页。
1. Simile and Metaphor | 明喻与隐喻
A simile compares two different things using the words 'like' or 'as'. It helps the reader see a quality more vividly. For example, 'The old man's voice was as rough as gravel.'
明喻使用 'like' 或 'as' 来比较两个不同的事物。它帮助读者更生动地感知某种特质。例如：‘老人嗓音粗糙如砾石。’
Quick memory trick: Think of 'simile' and 'similar' – both start with 'sim', and a simile says two things are similar.
速记窍门：联想 'simile' 和 'similar'（相似的）——都以 'sim' 开头，明喻正是说两个事物相似。
A metaphor directly states that one thing is another, creating a stronger, more imaginative link. For example, 'The old man's voice was gravel.'
隐喻直接陈述一事物就是另一事物，建立起更强烈、更富想象力的联系。例如：‘老人嗓音是砾石。’
Memory aid: 'Meta' means 'change' – a metaphor changes one thing into something else.
记忆助手：'Meta' 意为‘变化’——隐喻将一事物变成另一事物。
- Simile = 'like' or 'as' (明喻 = 像，如同)
- Metaphor = 'is' (隐喻 = 是)
2. Personification and Pathetic Fallacy | 拟人与情感谬误
Personification gives human qualities, feelings or actions to inanimate objects, animals or ideas. For instance, 'The wind whispered through the trees.'
拟人赋予无生命物体、动物或思想以人的品质、情感或行为。例如：‘风在树间低语。’
Memory flash: A person + ification = making something into a person. The wind isn't a person, but it acts like one.
记忆闪卡：person（人）+ ification = 使某物人格化。风不是人，却如人一般行动。
Pathetic fallacy is a special type of personification where nature or the weather reflects the mood of a scene or character. E.g., 'The rain wept against the window as she read the sad letter.'
情感谬误是拟人的一种特殊类型，指自然或天气反映场景或人物的情绪。例如：‘她读着悲伤的信，雨点敲打着窗户如同哭泣。’
Memory clue: 'Pathetic' comes from 'pathos' (emotion) – the weather shows emotion; 'fallacy' because it's a false belief that nature has feelings.
记忆线索：'Pathetic' 源于 'pathos'（情感）——天气表达情感；'fallacy' 因为认为自然有感情是一种谬误。
3. Alliteration, Assonance and Sibilance | 头韵、元韵与嘶音
Alliteration is the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of nearby words. E.g., 'Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.' It creates rhythm and can emphasise key words.
头韵是相邻单词开头相同辅音的重复。例如：‘Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.’ 它制造节奏，并能强调关键词。
Think: 'Alliteration' has lots of 'l' sounds – the word itself uses alliteration of 'l'.
想一想：'Alliteration' 本身有很多 'l' 音——这个词本身就是 'l' 的头韵。
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within words that are close together. E.g., 'The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.' The long 'a' sound echoes.
元韵是相邻单词内部元音的重复。例如：‘The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.’ 长元音 'a' 在回响。
Recall: 'Assonance' has 'son' which sounds like 'song' – vowels are the singing part of words.
记忆：'Assonance' 含有 'son'，听起来像 'song'（歌）——元音是单词的歌唱部分。
Sibilance is a specific form of alliteration that repeats 's', 'sh', 'z' or 'ch' sounds, producing a hissing or soft effect. E.g., 'The snake slithered silently across the sand.'
嘶音是头韵的一种特殊形式，重复 's'、'sh'、'z' 或 'ch' 音，产生嘶嘶声或柔和的效果。例如：‘蛇在沙地上悄无声息地滑行。’
Think of a snake hissing 'ssss' – sibilance sounds like 'sibilant', which means hissing.
想象蛇发出 'ssss' 声——sibilance 听起来像 'sibilant'（嘶嘶作响的）。
4. Rhyme and Rhythm | 押韵与节奏
Rhyme is when words have similar-sounding endings, often at the end of lines in poetry. E.g., 'The cat wore a hat and sat on a mat.' It creates musicality and can link ideas.
押韵指单词结尾发音相似，常见于诗歌行尾。例如：‘The cat wore a hat and sat on a mat.’ 它产生音乐感，并可连接想法。
Memory path: 'Rhyme' and 'time' rhyme – that's the clue.
记忆途径：'Rhyme' 和 'time' 押韵——这就是提示。
Rhythm is the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line, creating a beat. For instance, 'I wandered lonely as a cloud' has a da-DUM da-DUM pattern.
节奏是一行中重读与非重读音节的模式，创造节拍。例如，‘I wandered lonely as a cloud’ 有着 da-DUM da-DUM 的模式。
Link it: Rhythm is like the heartbeat of the poem. You can tap your foot to it.
联系：节奏就像诗歌的心跳。你可以用脚打拍子。
5. Imagery and Sensory Language | 意象与感官语言
Imagery is language that creates a picture in the reader's mind, often using vivid description. It isn't just visual; it can appeal to all five senses. E.g., 'The crisp, golden leaves crunched underfoot, releasing a woody autumn smell.'
意象是能在读者脑海中创造画面的语言，常使用生动的描述。它不仅是视觉的；还能调动全部五种感官。例如：‘脆脆的、金黄的树叶在脚下嘎吱作响，散发出木质的秋天气息。’
Memory sticker: 'Image' is inside 'imagery' – think of a photograph or a painting made of words.
记忆贴士：'Image'（图像）藏在 'imagery' 里——想象一幅用词语画成的照片或油画。
Sensory language specifically targets the five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. It makes descriptions more immersive and believable.
感官语言专门针对五种感官：视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。它使描写更引人入胜，更真实。
Remember: 'Sensory' relates to 'senses'. Count them: seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, touching.
记住：'Sensory' 与 'senses'（感官）相关。数一数：看、听、闻、尝、摸。
6. Tone and Mood | 语气与氛围
Tone is the writer's attitude towards the subject or the audience, conveyed through word choice and style. It can be playful, serious, sarcastic, angry, etc. E.g., 'Oh, wonderful. Another rainy day,' said with a flat voice sets a sarcastic tone.
语气是作者对主题或读者的态度，通过选词和风格传达。它可以是嬉戏的、严肃的、讽刺的、生气的等等。例如：‘哦，好极了。又一个雨天，’用平淡的声音说出，设定了讽刺的语气。
Memory echo: Listen to the 'tone' of someone's voice on the phone – the writer's tone is the voice you 'hear' in the text.
记忆回响：听电话里某人声音的‘语气’——作者的语气就是你在文本中‘听到’的声音。
Mood is the feeling the reader gets from the text – the emotional atmosphere. It could be gloomy, hopeful, tense or joyful. E.g., 'Shadows crept along the walls, and a cold draught chilled the room.' This sets a creepy, uneasy mood.
氛围是读者从文本中获得的感觉——情感气氛。它可以是阴郁的、充满希望的、紧张的或欢乐的。例如：‘阴影沿墙壁爬行，冷风使房间寒气袭人。’这设定了令人毛骨悚然、不安的氛围。
Distinction trick: Tone = writer's feeling; Mood = reader's feeling. T is for 'teller', M is for 'me'.
区分技巧：语气 = 作者的感受；氛围 = 读者的感受。T 代表 'teller'（叙述者），M 代表 'me'（我）。
7. Theme and Message | 主题与寓意
A theme is the big idea or central topic explored in a text, such as love, loss, friendship or bravery. It is not the plot, but the underlying concept. E.g., 'The theme of growing up is shown through the character's journey from childhood to adolescence.'
主题是文本中探讨的大观念或中心话题，如爱、失去、友谊或勇气。它不是情节，而是底层的概念。例如：‘成长的主题通过角色从童年到青春期的旅程得以展现。’
Simple link: Theme = the 'big umbrella' covering the whole story.
简单联系：主题 = 覆盖整个故事的‘大伞’。
The message is what the writer wants us to learn or understand – the moral or lesson. For instance, the message might be 'kindness always wins' or 'greed leads to disaster.'
寓意是作者想让我们学到或理解的东西——道德或教训。例如，寓意可能是‘善良终将获胜’或‘贪婪导致灾难’。
Remember: Theme is what it's about; message is what it teaches. 'Theme' and 'topic' both start with T; 'message' and 'moral' both start with M.
记住：主题是讲什么的；寓意是教导什么的。‘Theme’ 和 ‘topic’（话题）都以 T 开头；‘message’ 和 ‘moral’（道德）都以 M 开头。
8. Narrative Voice and Point of View | 叙述声音与视角
Narrative voice refers to the personality and style of the narrator telling the story. It could be a character in the story (first-person 'I') or an outside observer. The voice might sound innocent, unreliable, wise or humorous.
叙述声音指讲述故事的叙述者的个性和风格。它可以是故事中的角色（第一人称‘我’），也可以是外部观察者。声音可能听起来天真、不可靠、睿智或幽默。
Think of 'voice' as if someone is speaking directly to you. Every story has a voice.
把‘声音’想象成有人在直接对你说话。每个故事都有一种声音。
Point of view (POV) is the perspective from which events are shown. First-person POV uses 'I'; second-person uses 'you'; third-person uses 'he', 'she', 'they'. Third-person can be limited (access to one character's thoughts) or omniscient (all-knowing).
视角（POV）是事件呈现的角度。第一人称视角使用‘我’；第二人称使用‘你’；第三人称使用‘他’、‘她’、‘他们’。第三人称可以是有限视角（只知一个角色的想法）或全知视角（无所不知）。
Quick checker: POV is the camera lens. Who is filming the scene? Whose thoughts can we read?
快速检测：视角就是摄像机镜头。谁在拍摄这个场景？我们能读到谁的想法？
9. Stanza and Structure | 诗节与结构
A stanza is a group of lines in a poem, separated from others by a blank line. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph. Different stanza lengths have names, such as a couplet (2 lines), tercet (3 lines), quatrain (4 lines).
诗节是诗歌中的一组诗行，由空行与其他组隔开。它相当于散文中的段落。不同长度的诗节有名称，如对句（2行）、三行诗节（3行）、四行诗节（4行）。
Memory link: 'Stanza' sounds like 'stand' – a group of lines that 'stand' together.
记忆联系：'Stanza' 听起来像 'stand'（站立）——一组诗行‘站立’在一起。
Structure is the overall organisation of a text – how it is put together. This includes stanza arrangement, line length, rhyme scheme, the order of events, and use of repetition or refrains. It shapes the reader's journey through the text.
结构是文本的整体组织——它是如何组合在一起的。这包括诗节安排、诗行长度、押韵格式、事件顺序，以及重复或叠句的运用。它塑造了读者穿行文本的旅程。
Imagine structure as the skeleton of the story or poem. You can't see it from the outside, but it holds everything up.
把结构想象成故事或诗歌的骨架。从外面你看不见它，但它支撑着一切。
10. Onomatopoeia | 拟声词
Onomatopoeia is a word that imitates the sound it describes. Examples include 'buzz', 'crash', 'whisper', 'bang', 'sizzle' and 'murmur'. Poets and writers use onomatopoeia to make the soundscape real for the reader.
拟声词是模仿其所描述声音的词。例子包括‘buzz’（嗡嗡声）、‘crash’（撞击声）、‘whisper’（低语声）、‘bang’（砰）、‘sizzle’（嘶嘶声）和‘murmur’（喃喃声）。诗人和作家使用拟声词让声音图景对读者变得真实。
Memory hook: The word itself sounds like its meaning; 'onomatopoeia' is long and tricky, just like the sound it describes can be tricky – but think of 'pop'! Even the term has 'poeia' which echoes 'poem'.
记忆挂钩：这个词本身听起来就像它的意思；‘onomatopoeia’又长又绕，就像它描述的声音可能很复杂一样——但想想‘pop’！就连术语里的‘poeia’也回应着‘poem’（诗歌）。
Fun way: Snap, crackle, pop! Those are all onomatopoeic breakfast sounds.
趣味方式：Snap, crackle, pop！这些都是早餐时的拟声词。
11. Enjambment and Caesura | 跨行与停顿
Enjambment occurs when a line of poetry runs on to the next without a pause or punctuation at the end. The sense flows over the line break, creating urgency or a conversational feel. E.g., 'I saw the light spill over the hill / like honey melting on warm bread.'
跨行发生在诗的一行未完而直接延续到下一行，行尾没有停顿或标点的情况。意义越过行断，营造出紧迫感或对话感。例如：‘我看见光漫过山丘 / 如蜂蜜融化在热面包上。’
Recall tip: Enjambment = 'jam' the lines together – they keep flowing.
记忆提示：Enjambment = 把诗行 'jam'（挤）在一起——它们不断流淌。
A caesura is a deliberate pause within a line of poetry, usually marked by punctuation such as a full stop, dash or comma. It can create drama, tension or a moment of reflection. E.g., 'The door creaked open – nothing there.'
停顿是诗行内部的刻意停顿，通常由句号、破折号或逗号标记。它能制造戏剧性、张力或沉思时刻。例如：‘门吱呀开了——什么都没有。’
Think: 'Caesura' contains 'pause' – it is a pause in the middle. Break the word: cae-SU-ra – the stress on 'su' is like a stop.
思考：'Caesura' 含有 'pause'（停顿）——它是中间的停顿。拆开读：cae-SU-ra，重音在 'su' 上就像一个停顿。
12. Repetition and Anaphora | 重复与首语重复
Repetition is when a word, phrase or idea is used more than once for emphasis. It can build rhythm, reinforce a theme or create a haunting effect. E.g., 'Slowly, slowly the door closed.'
重复是指一个词、短语或思想被多次使用以加强强调。它可以建立节奏、强化主题或营造挥之不去的效果。例如：‘慢慢地，慢慢地，门关上了。’
Simple memory: Repetition = re-pe-ti-tion. It repeats the idea of repeating!
简单记忆：Repetition = re-pe-ti-tion，它本身就重复了重复的概念！
Anaphora is a specific type of repetition where the same word or phrase is used at the beginning of successive clauses or lines. Famous example: Martin Luther King's 'I have a dream' speech. In poetry: 'Every day I wait. Every day I hope. Every day I remember.'
首语重复是重复的一种特殊类型，指相同的词或短语出现在连续的从句或诗行开头。著名例子：马丁·路德·金的‘我有一个梦想’演讲。在诗歌中：‘每一天我等待。每一天我盼望。每一天我铭记。’
Link it: 'Anaphora' sounds like 'another/fo/ra' – think of 'another' beginning with the same phrase.
联系：'Anaphora' 听起来像 'another/fo/ra'——想想‘另一个’以相同短语开头。
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