📚 Year 7 WJEC English: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Reference Guide | 7年级WJEC英语：词汇术语速记指南
Building a strong vocabulary of English terminology is the first step to success in your Year 7 WJEC English course. This guide gives you clear, bite-sized definitions of the most important terms – from word classes and figurative language to poetry and structure – all in one place. Use it as a quick reference whenever you are reading, writing, or preparing for an assessment.
建立扎实的英语术语词汇是你在7年级WJEC英语课程中取得成功的第一步。本指南为你提供了最重要术语的清晰、简洁的定义——从词类和修辞语言到诗歌和结构——全部都集中于此。在你阅读、写作或准备评估时，把它当作快速参考。
1. Word Classes – The Building Blocks | 词类——语言的基础
A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. For example: 'teacher', 'library', 'happiness'. Common nouns refer to general things ('city'), while proper nouns name specific ones and always start with a capital letter ('Cardiff').
名词表示人、地点、事物或概念。例如：“teacher”、“library”、“happiness”。普通名词指一般事物（“city”），而专有名词则指特定事物，并始终以大写字母开头（“Cardiff”）。
A verb describes an action, occurrence, or state of being. Action verbs show what someone does ('run', 'imagine'). Linking verbs connect the subject to more information ('is', 'seems'). Modal verbs express possibility or necessity ('can', 'must').
动词描述动作、事件或存在状态。动作动词显示某人做什么（“run”、“imagine”）。连系动词将主语与更多信息连接起来（“is”、“seems”）。情态动词表达可能性或必要性（“can”、“must”）。
An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun, giving more detail. It can appear before a noun ('a bright star') or after a linking verb ('the star is bright'). Comparative adjectives compare two things ('brighter'), and superlative adjectives compare three or more ('brightest').
形容词修饰名词或代词，提供更多细节。它可以出现在名词之前（“a bright star”）或连系动词之后（“the star is bright”）。比较级形容词比较两个事物（“brighter”），最高级形容词比较三个或更多事物（“brightest”）。
An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, often telling how, when, where, or to what extent. Many end in -ly ('quickly', 'extremely'), but not all ('now', 'here'). Adverbs add precision to your writing.
副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，通常说明方式、时间、地点或程度。许多以 -ly 结尾（“quickly”、“extremely”），但并非所有都如此（“now”、“here”）。副词为你的写作增添精确性。
2. Figures of Speech – Simile, Metaphor & Personification | 修辞手法——明喻、暗喻与拟人
A simile directly compares two different things using the words 'like' or 'as'. It helps readers picture something unfamiliar by linking it to something familiar. Example: 'The night sky was as dark as coal.' The comparison highlights the depth of the darkness.
明喻使用“like”或“as”直接比较两个不同的事物。它通过将不熟悉的事物与熟悉的事物联系起来，帮助读者想象。示例：“The night sky was as dark as coal.” 这个比较突出了黑暗的深度。
A metaphor also compares two things but does so without 'like' or 'as'. It says one thing is another. Example: 'The classroom was a zoo.' This metaphor suggests chaos and noise without literally meaning animals were present. Metaphors create strong, direct images.
暗喻也比较两个事物，但不使用“like”或“as”。它说一个事物就是另一个事物。示例：“The classroom was a zoo.” 这个暗喻暗示了混乱和喧嚣，并非字面意义上的动物在场。暗喻创造出强烈、直接的意象。
Personification gives human qualities, emotions, or actions to non-human things – objects, animals, or ideas. Example: 'The wind whispered through the trees.' Wind cannot really whisper, but this makes the scene feel gentle and alive. Personification helps readers connect emotionally.
拟人将人类的品质、情感或行为赋予非人类的事物——物体、动物或概念。示例：“The wind whispered through the trees.” 风并不能真的低语，但这使场景感觉温柔而充满生机。拟人帮助读者建立情感联系。
3. Sound Devices – Alliteration, Onomatopoeia & More | 声音修辞——头韵、拟声词等
Alliteration is the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words that are close together. Example: 'Sally sells seashells by the seashore.' The repeated 's' sound creates a musical, memorable effect. Alliteration is often used in poetry, tongue twisters, and headlines.
头韵是在相邻单词的开头重复相同的辅音音素。示例：“Sally sells seashells by the seashore.” 重复的“s”音产生一种富有音乐感、令人难忘的效果。头韵常用于诗歌、绕口令和标题中。
Onomatopoeia refers to words that imitate the natural sound they describe. Examples include 'buzz', 'sizzle', 'bang', and 'murmur'. These words make writing more sensory and vivid – you can almost hear the sound while reading.
拟声词是指那些模仿它们所描述的自然声音的词语。示例包括“buzz”、“sizzle”、“bang”和“murmur”。这些词语使写作更具感官性和生动性——你在阅读时几乎能听到那些声音。
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within words that are close together. Example: 'The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.' The long 'a' sound creates a soft, flowing rhythm. Unlike rhyme, the consonant endings may differ. Assonance adds internal musicality to a line.
谐音是在相邻单词内部重复元音音素。示例：“The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.” 长音“a”营造出一种柔和流动的节奏。与押韵不同，谐音的辅音结尾可能不同。它为诗行增添了内在的音乐性。
4. Imagery & Sensory Language | 意象与感官语言
Imagery is language that appeals to one or more of the five senses – sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. Rather than simply stating a fact, imagery paints a picture in the reader's mind. 'The cake was delicious' is telling; 'The warm, sticky cinnamon bun melted on my tongue, filling my mouth with sweet spice' is showing through imagery.
意象是诉诸五种感官（视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉）中一种或多种的语言。意象不是简单地陈述事实，而是在读者脑海中描绘画面。“The cake was delicious”是告知；“The warm, sticky cinnamon bun melted on my tongue, filling my mouth with sweet spice”则是通过意象来展示。
Sensory language is closely related to imagery. It includes specific words that trigger the senses: 'crimson' (sight), 'screech' (sound), 'fragrant' (smell), 'silky' (touch), 'bitter' (taste). Effective descriptive writing mixes different sensory details to create a full, immersive experience.
感官语言与意象紧密相关。它包括触发感官的具体词语：“crimson”（视觉）、“screech”（听觉）、“fragrant”（嗅觉）、“silky”（触觉）、“bitter”（味觉）。有效的描述性写作会混合不同的感官细节，创造出完整、身临其境的体验。
5. Poetry Terms – Rhyme, Rhythm & Stanza | 诗歌术语——押韵、节奏与诗节
Rhyme occurs when two or more words have the same end sound, usually at the end of lines in a poem. Perfect rhyme matches the final stressed vowel and everything after it ('cat' and 'hat'). Half-rhyme is an approximate match ('shook' and 'look'). A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes at the end of lines, often labelled with letters (e.g., ABAB).
押韵是指两个或多个词具有相同的尾音，通常出现在诗歌的行尾。完全韵匹配最后的重读元音及其后的所有音素（“cat”和“hat”）。半押韵是近似匹配（“shook”和“look”）。押韵格式是诗行末尾押韵的模式，通常用字母标记（例如 ABAB）。
Rhythm is the beat and flow of language, created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables. In poetry, a regular pattern of rhythm is called metre. For example, iambic pentameter has five 'da-DUM' beats per line ('Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?'). Even in prose, varying sentence length creates rhythm.
节奏是语言的节拍和流动，由重读音节和非重读音节的排列形成。在诗歌中，规律的节奏模式称为音步。例如，抑扬格五音步每行有五个“轻-重”拍（“Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?”）。即使在散文中，变化句长也能创造节奏。
A stanza is a grouped set of lines within a poem, similar to a paragraph in prose. Couplets have two lines, tercets three, quatrains four. Stanzas often follow a consistent pattern of metre and rhyme, and they can develop a new idea or image in each section.
诗节是诗歌中一组集中的诗行，类似于散文中的段落。对句有两行，三行诗节有三行，四行诗节有四行。诗节通常遵循固定的音步和押韵模式，并且每个部分可以展开一个新的想法或意象。
6. Narrative & Structural Terms | 叙事与结构术语
Plot is the sequence of events in a story. Most plots follow a structure: exposition (introduction of characters and setting), rising action (conflict develops), climax (the turning point), falling action, and resolution (denouement). Understanding plot helps you track how a story builds tension.
情节是故事中事件的顺序。大部分情节遵循一个结构：开端（介绍人物和背景）、上升情节（冲突发展）、高潮（转折点）、下降情节和结局（收场）。理解情节有助于你追踪故事如何营造张力。
Narrator is the voice that tells the story. A first-person narrator uses 'I' and is a character within the story. A third-person narrator stands outside the story and uses 'he', 'she', 'they'. Third-person omniscient narrators know all thoughts and feelings; limited narrators follow only one character's perspective.
叙述者是讲故事的声音。第一人称叙述者使用“我”，是故事中的一个角色。第三人称叙述者站在故事之外，使用“他”、“她”、“他们”。第三人称全知叙述者了解所有想法和感受；受限叙述者只跟随一个角色的视角。
Setting is the time and place in which a story happens. It includes physical location, historical period, weather, and even social atmosphere. Setting can create mood, influence characters, and symbolise themes. Example: A dark, stormy night immediately suggests danger or mystery.
背景是故事发生的时间和地点。它包括物理位置、历史时期、天气，甚至社会氛围。背景可以营造情绪、影响角色并象征主题。示例：一个漆黑暴风雨的夜晚立刻暗示危险或神秘。
7. Sentence Types & Their Effects | 句子类型及其效果
A simple sentence contains one independent clause: 'The door opened.' It creates clarity and directness, often used for emphasis or to build tension. Short simple sentences can speed up pace or sound abrupt.
简单句包含一个独立分句：“The door opened.” 它产生清晰和直接的效果，常用于强调或营造紧张氛围。短小简单句可以加快节奏或听起来突兀。
A compound sentence joins two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or): 'The door opened, and a cold draft entered.' This type shows balanced ideas or connected events.
并列句用并列连词（and、but、or）连接两个独立分句：“The door opened, and a cold draft entered.” 这种类型展示平衡的观点或关联的事件。
A complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause, linked by subordinating conjunctions (because, although, when): 'Although he was afraid, he pushed the door open.' Complex sentences show cause and effect, contrast, and layered thinking.
复合句包含一个独立分句和至少一个从属分句，由从属连词（because、although、when）连接：“Although he was afraid, he pushed the door open.” 复合句展示因果关系、对比和层次化的思维。
Varying your sentence types makes writing more engaging. A string of short sentences can feel choppy; a mix of simple, compound, and complex sentences creates a natural rhythm that guides the reader.
变化句子类型使写作更具吸引力。一连串短句会感觉支离破碎；混合使用简单句、并列句和复合句能创造一种引导读者的自然节奏。
8. Punctuation for Effect | 标点符号的运用效果
The comma (,) separates items in a list, clauses in a sentence, or adds a pause for clarity. Using commas carefully can change meaning: 'Let's eat, Grandma' versus 'Let's eat Grandma' shows exactly why commas save lives!
逗号（,）分隔列表中的项目、句子中的从句，或添加停顿以使意思清晰。仔细使用逗号可以改变含义：“Let's eat, Grandma”与“Let's eat Grandma”恰好说明了为什么逗号能救命！
The ellipsis (…) is three dots that show a pause, hesitation, or trailing off in thought. In narratives, it creates suspense or shows a character's uncertainty: 'I don't know… perhaps it was nothing.' But overuse can make writing feel weak, so use it sparingly.
省略号（…）是三个点，表示停顿、犹豫或思绪的渐渐消失。在叙事中，它制造悬念或表现角色的不确定：“I don't know… perhaps it was nothing.” 但过度使用会让写作显得软弱，所以要谨慎使用。
The exclamation mark (!) expresses strong emotion – excitement, anger, surprise, or urgency. In formal and analytical writing, it is rarely used. In creative writing, use it only when a character genuinely shouts or feels intense emotion, otherwise it loses impact.
感叹号（!）表达强烈的情感——兴奋、愤怒、惊讶或紧迫。在正式和分析性写作中很少使用。在创意写作中，只在角色真正呼喊或感到强烈情感时使用，否则它会失去效果。
9. Understanding Tone, Mood & Register | 理解语气、氛围与语域
Tone is the writer's attitude toward the subject or audience, conveyed through word choice and style. A tone can be formal, informal, sarcastic, optimistic, serious, or playful. Identifying tone helps you understand the author's purpose. Example: 'Oh, great. Another rainy day,' said with a sigh suggests a sarcastic, frustrated tone.
语气是作者通过词语选择和风格传达的对主题或读者的态度。语气可以是正式的、非正式的、讽刺的、乐观的、严肃的或幽默的。识别语气有助于你理解作者的意图。示例：“Oh, great. Another rainy day,” 伴随着叹气说，暗示了一种讽刺、沮丧的语气。
Mood is the atmosphere the text creates for the reader. It is the emotional feeling you get from a passage, such as gloomy, tense, uplifting, or eerie. Writers build mood through setting, imagery, and word choice. Don't confuse mood (how you feel) with tone (the writer's attitude).
氛围是文本为读者营造的气氛。它是你从一段文字中获得的情感感受，比如阴郁、紧张、振奋或诡异。作者通过背景、意象和词语选择来营造氛围。不要将氛围（你的感受）与语气（作者的态度）混淆。
Register refers to the level of formality in language, which changes depending on the context and audience. A text message has a casual, informal register ('Hey, how's it goin?'), while an essay uses a formal, academic register ('Furthermore, this evidence demonstrates…'). Choosing the right register is a key writing skill.
语域指语言的形式程度，根据语境和读者而变化。短信使用随意、非正式的语域（“Hey, how's it goin?”），而论文则使用正式、学术的语域（“Furthermore, this evidence demonstrates…”）。选择合适的语域是一项关键的写作技能。
10. Common Literary Devices You Need to Know | 你需要了解的常见文学手法
Hyperbole is deliberate exaggeration for effect, not meant to be taken literally. 'I've told you a million times' emphasises frustration. In literature, hyperbole can create humour, drama, or strong emotion. It is common in persuasive writing and everyday speech.
夸张是为达到效果而故意夸大，并非字面意思。“I've told you a million times”强调了沮丧。在文学中，夸张可以制造幽默、戏剧性或强烈的情感。它在议论文和日常口语中很常见。
Oxymoron pairs two apparently contradictory words together, such as 'bittersweet', 'deafening silence', or 'living dead'. The combination surprises the reader and can reveal a deeper truth, highlighting complexity.
矛盾修饰法将两个明显矛盾的词放在一起，如“bittersweet”、“deafening silence”或“living dead”。这种组合令读者惊讶，并能揭示更深层的真理，突出复杂性。
Repetition is using the same word, phrase, or structure multiple times for emphasis. In speeches, repetition reinforces a message ('I have a dream…'). In poetry, it can create a hypnotic rhythm. Be intentional: accidental repetition weakens writing, but deliberate repetition makes it memorable.
重复是多次使用相同的词语、短语或结构以加强效果。在演讲中，重复强化信息（“I have a dream…”）。在诗歌中，它可以营造一种催眠般的节奏。要刻意使用：意外的重复会削弱写作，但刻意的重复使文本令人难忘。
11. How to Memorise These Terms Quickly | 如何快速记忆这些术语
Create flashcards with the term on one side and the definition + an original example on the other. Test yourself daily – quizzing is one of the most effective ways to move knowledge into long-term memory.
制作抽认卡，一面写术语，另一面写定义+你自己的例子。每天自测——测验是将知识转化为长期记忆最有效的方法之一。
associations. For example, to remember the difference between simile and metaphor, think: 'Simile = Same (using 'like' or 'as')'. For alliteration, picture a line of letters all at the start. Silly images stick!
使用助记符和生动的联想。例如，要记住明喻和暗喻的区别，可以想：“Simile = Same（使用‘like’或‘as’）”。对于头韵，想象一排字母都挤在开头。荒诞的图像会牢牢记住！
Spot the terms in the real world – in song lyrics, advertisements, or novels. When you hear 'Red Bull gives you wiiings,' recognise the hyperbole. Active noticing turns learning into a habit. Try to find at least one example each day and write it down.
在现实世界中找出这些术语——在歌词、广告或小说里。当你听到“Red Bull gives you wiiings”时，识别其中的夸张。主动观察能将学习转化为习惯。每天尝试找到至少一个例子并写下来。
12. Quick-Reference Table for Revision | 速查复习表
| 术语 Term | 定义 Definition | 例子 Example |
|---|---|---|
| Simile | Comparison using 'like' or 'as' | As brave as a lion |
| Metaphor | Direct comparison without 'like' or 'as' | He is a shining star |
| Personification | Giving human qualities to non-human things | The flowers danced in the breeze |
| Alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds | Peter Piper picked a peck |
| Onomatopoeia | Words that imitate sounds | Buzz, hiss, pop |
| Hyperbole | Extreme exaggeration for effect | I'm so hungry I could eat a horse |
| Oxymoron | Two contradictory words side by side | Bittersweet, deafening silence |
| Tone | Writer's attitude toward the subject | Sarcastic, formal, cheerful |
| Mood | Atmosphere the reader feels | Tense, joyful, mysterious |
| Stanza | A grouped set of lines in a poem | A quatrain has four lines |
Published by TutorHao | English Revision Series | aleveler.com
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