📚 Year 7 WJEC English: Core Knowledge Points Overview | Year 7 WJEC 英语：核心知识点梳理
Welcome to this revision guide covering the essential knowledge points for Year 7 WJEC English. This overview will help you understand the key skills you need to develop in reading, writing, grammar, and spoken language, all aligned with the WJEC curriculum. Mastering these foundations will set you up for success in Key Stage 3 and beyond.
欢迎阅读这份覆盖七年级 WJEC 英语核心知识点的复习指南。本梳理将帮助你理解在阅读、写作、语法和口语方面需要培养的关键技能，所有内容均与 WJEC 课程大纲对齐。掌握这些基础将为你在第三学段及以后的学习取得成功打下扎实根基。
1. Reading Comprehension Skills | 阅读理解技巧
Skimming allows you to read a text quickly to get the general idea or gist. When you skim, you glance at headings, the first and last paragraphs, and topic sentences without reading every word.
略读让你能快速浏览文章以获取大意或主旨。略读时，你会扫视标题、首尾段落以及主题句，而不需要阅读每个词。
Scanning is a technique used to locate specific information, such as a date, name, or statistic. You move your eyes rapidly over the text, looking for keywords related to the detail you need.
扫读是一种用来定位具体信息的技巧，比如寻找日期、人名或统计数据。你的目光快速在文本上移动，寻找与你所需细节相关的关键词。
Inference involves reading between the lines – understanding what is implied but not directly stated. To infer, you combine clues from the text with your own background knowledge.
推断涉及理解字里行间的含义——即读懂暗示但未直接说明的内容。进行推断时，你需要将文本中的线索与自己的背景知识结合起来。
Summarising means condensing a longer passage into a shorter version, capturing only the main points in your own words. You need to leave out minor details and examples.
总结意味着把一段较长的文字浓缩成较短的版本，只用自己的话抓住要点。你需要省略次要细节和例子。
2. Understanding Fiction: Plot, Character and Setting | 理解小说：情节、人物与背景
The plot is the sequence of events in a story, usually following a structure of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Understanding this arc helps you track how tension builds and resolves.
情节是故事中事件的顺序，通常遵循展示、上升动作、高潮、下降动作和结局的结构。理解这一弧线有助于你追踪紧张感如何建立与化解。
Characters can be protagonists (the main character), antagonists (who oppose the protagonist), and secondary characters. Analysing a character involves looking at their actions, dialogue, thoughts, and how others react to them.
人物可以是主角（主要人物）、反角（与主角作对的人）和次要人物。分析人物需要观察他们的行为、对话、思想以及别人对他们的反应。
The setting is the time and place where the story happens. It can influence mood, create atmosphere, and even act as a symbol. Pay attention to descriptions of weather, time period, and location.
背景是故事发生的时间和地点。它可以影响情绪、营造氛围，甚至充当象征。要注意对天气、时代和地点的描写。
Narrative point of view determines who tells the story. First-person uses 'I' and gives one character's perspective; third-person limited follows one character's thoughts; third-person omniscient knows all characters' thoughts.
叙事视角决定了谁来讲故事。第一人称用“我”，给出一个人物的视角；第三人称有限视角跟随一个人物的思想；第三人称全知视角了解所有人物的想法。
3. Analysing Non-Fiction Texts | 分析非虚构文本
Non-fiction texts are written for real-world purposes, such as to inform, persuade, or entertain. Identifying the writer's purpose helps you evaluate the text's effectiveness.
非虚构文本为现实目的而写，例如告知、说服或娱乐。识别作者的写作目的有助于你评估文本的有效性。
Distinguishing between fact and opinion is essential. A fact can be proven true or false, while an opinion is a personal belief or judgement that cannot be proven.
区分事实与观点至关重要。事实可以被证明真假，而观点是个人看法或判断，无法被证明。
Writers may show bias by presenting only one side of an argument or using emotionally charged language. Recognising bias allows you to read more critically.
作者可能通过只呈现争论的一方或使用带有感情色彩的措辞来表现出偏见。识别偏见能让你更具批判性地阅读。
Text features such as headings, subheadings, images, captions, bullet points, and bold words help organise information and guide the reader. Learn to use these features to quickly locate information.
标题、副标题、图片、图片说明、项目符号和粗体字等文本特征有助于组织信息并引导读者。学会利用这些特征快速定位信息。
4. Introduction to Literary Devices | 文学手法入门
A simile compares two things using 'like' or 'as', e.g., 'The night sky was as dark as ink.' It creates vivid imagery by linking familiar objects.
明喻用“像”或“如同”比较两个事物，例如“夜空像墨水一样黑”。它通过联系熟悉的事物创造生动的意象。
A metaphor directly states that one thing is another, e.g., 'Time is a thief.' It is a stronger comparison that can add layers of meaning.
暗喻直接说一个事物是另一个事物，例如“时间是个贼”。这是一种更强烈的比较，可以增加意思的层次。
Personification gives human qualities to non-human things, e.g., 'The wind whispered through the trees.' It makes descriptions more engaging and imaginative.
拟人赋予非人的事物以人的特性，例如“风在树间低语”。它让描写更具吸引力和想象力。
Alliteration is the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words, e.g., 'slimy, slithering snake.' Onomatopoeia uses words that imitate sounds, like 'crash' or 'buzz'.
头韵是词首辅音的重复，例如“slimy, slithering snake”。拟声使用模仿声音的词语，如“crash”或“buzz”。
5. Writing Purposes and Genres | 写作目的与体裁
In Year 7, you write for four main purposes: to describe, to narrate, to persuade, and to explain or inform. Each purpose requires different language choices and structures.
在七年级，你为四个主要目的而写作：描写、叙述、说服和解释或告知。每种目的需要不同的语言选择和结构。
Descriptive writing paints a picture with sensory details – sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures. It often uses adjectives, adverbs, similes, and metaphors.
描写性写作用感官细节——视觉、声音、气味、味道和触感——描绘画面。它经常使用形容词、副词、明喻和暗喻。
Narrative writing tells a story with a clear plot, characters, and setting. It usually follows a chronological order and uses past tenses, but can also include dialogue and description.
叙事性写作讲述一个有清晰情节、人物和背景的故事。它通常按时间顺序展开并使用过去时态，但也可以包含对话和描写。
Persuasive writing aims to convince the reader to agree with a viewpoint or take action. Techniques include rhetorical questions, emotive language, and clear topic sentences.
说服性写作旨在让读者同意某个观点或采取行动。技巧包括反问句、富有感情的语言和明确的主题句。
Writing to explain or inform uses clear, logical structure and factual detail. Genres include reports, articles, letters, and instructions.
解释或告知类写作使用清晰、有逻辑的结构和事实细节。体裁包括报告、文章、信件和说明。
6. Paragraph Structures: PEE and PEEL | 段落结构：PEE 和 PEEL
A strong paragraph in analytical writing often follows the PEE structure: Point, Evidence, Explanation. You start by making a clear point, then support it with a quotation or example, and finally explain how your evidence proves the point.
分析性写作中强有力的段落通常遵循 PEE 结构：观点、证据、解释。你先提出一个清晰的观点，然后用引文或例子支撑它，最后解释你的证据如何证明了观点。
The PEEL structure adds a Link at the end, connecting the paragraph back to the overall question or forward to the next point. This creates cohesion and shows organised thinking.
PEEL 结构在末尾增加了一个连接，将段落与整体问题或下一个观点联系起来。这能创造连贯性并展示有条理的思维。
Topic sentences introduce the main idea of a paragraph. They often appear at the start and give the reader a preview of what is to come.
主题句介绍段落的主要思想。它通常出现在开头，让读者预览接下来要讲的内容。
When embedding evidence, use a short quotation and integrate it into your own sentence, rather than simply 'dropping' a full sentence in. For example: The writer describes the room as 'a cavern of shadows' to emphasise its darkness.
在嵌入证据时，使用简短的引文并将其融入你自己的句子，而不是简单地“丢”进一整句话。例如：作者将房间描述为“阴影的洞穴”以强调其黑暗。
7. Grammar and Sentence Types | 语法与句型
Understanding parts of speech helps you construct accurate and varied sentences. Nouns name things, verbs express actions or states, adjectives describe nouns, adverbs describe verbs, and prepositions show relationships.
理解词类有助于你构建准确且多样的句子。名词给事物命名，动词表示动作或状态，形容词描述名词，副词描述动词，介词表示关系。
Sentences can be simple (one independent clause), compound (two independent clauses joined by a conjunction), or complex (one independent clause and at least one dependent clause). Using a mix adds rhythm to your writing.
句子可以是简单句（一个独立分句）、并列句（两个独立分句由连词连接）或复合句（一个独立分句加上至少一个从属分句）。混合使用能为你的写作增添节奏感。
Maintain consistent tense within a paragraph unless a time shift is required. Also ensure subject-verb agreement, so that a singular subject takes a singular verb, e.g., 'The boy runs' not 'The boy run'.
在没有时间转换需要时，在一段中保持时态一致。还要确保主谓一致，即单数主语搭配单数动词，例如 'The boy runs' 而不是 'The boy run'。
Experiment with the active and passive voice. In active voice, the subject performs the action ('The dog bit the man'); in passive voice, the subject receives the action ('The man was bitten by the dog'). Passive is useful when the doer is unknown or less important.
尝试运用主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态中，主语执行动作（“狗咬了人”）；在被动语态中，主语承受动作（“人被狗咬了”）。当动作者未知或不那么重要时，被动语态很有用。
8. Punctuation and Spelling Rules | 标点与拼写规则
Full stops, capital letters, and commas form the basis of clear writing. Commas separate items in a list, mark off clauses, and follow introductory words like 'Furthermore'. Misplaced commas can change meaning.
句号、大写字母和逗号构成了清晰写作的基础。逗号用于分隔列表中的各项、分隔从句，并跟在如“Furthermore”之类的引导词之后。错位的逗号会改变意思。
Apostrophes show possession (e.g., 'the girl's book') or contraction (e.g., 'don't' for 'do not'). Be careful not to use apostrophes for simple plurals, which is a common error.
撇号表示所有格（如 'the girl's book'）或缩写（如 'don't' 代替 'do not'）。注意不要将撇号用于普通的复数，这是一个常见错误。
Speech marks (inverted commas) enclose direct speech. Punctuation belonging to the spoken words goes inside the closing speech marks: 'I can't believe it,' she whispered.
引号括住直接叙述。属于所说话语的标点要放在后引号之内：'I can't believe it,' she whispered.
Key spelling rules include 'i before e except after c' (e.g., 'receive', 'believe', but exceptions like 'science') and doubling consonants when adding suffixes (e.g., 'hop' becoming 'hopped'). Homophones such as 'there/their/they're' must be carefully distinguished.
关键拼写规则包括“i 前 e 后，除非在 c 后”（如 'receive', 'believe'，但像 'science' 这样的例外），以及加后缀时双写辅音字母（如 'hop' 变为 'hopped'）。必须仔细区分同音异义词，如 'there/their/they're'。
9. Vocabulary Development | 词汇拓展
Building a rich vocabulary improves both reading comprehension and writing quality. Learn to use synonyms (words with similar meanings) and antonyms (opposites) to avoid repetition.
建立丰富的词汇量既能提高阅读理解力，也能提升写作质量。学会使用同义词（意思相近的词）和反义词（意思相反的词）来避免重复。
Context clues in a sentence can help you determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word. Look for definitions, examples, or contrasting ideas nearby.
句子中的上下文线索可以帮助你确定生词的含义。寻找附近的定义、例子或对比性的概念。
Understanding prefixes (e.g., 'un-', 're-', 'pre-') and suffixes (e.g., '-ful', '-less', '-tion') allows you to decode many new words. For example, 'unhappy' means 'not happy', and 'careless' means 'without care'.
理解前缀（如 'un-', 're-', 'pre-'）和后缀（如 '-ful', '-less', '-tion'）能让你解读许多新词。例如，'unhappy' 表示“不快乐”，'careless' 表示“粗心”。
Choose vocabulary suited to the formality of the task. In a formal essay, use precise words and avoid slang; in a diary entry or dialogue, informal language may be more appropriate.
选择适合任务正式程度的词汇。在正式的文章中，使用精确的词语并避免俚语；在日记或对话中，非正式的语言可能更合适。
10. Speaking and Listening Fundamentals | 口语与听力基础
Speaking and listening are assessed as part of the WJEC English curriculum. In group discussions, contribute relevant ideas, build on what others say, and ask questions to clarify understanding.
口语与听力是 WJEC 英语课程评估的一部分。在小组讨论中，要提出相关的想法，在他人发言的基础上发展观点，并提问以澄清理解。
When giving a presentation, plan a clear structure with an introduction, main points, and a conclusion. Use appropriate volume, pace, and eye contact to engage your audience.
做展示时，要规划一个清晰的结构，包括开场白、要点和结论。用合适的音量、语速和目光接触来吸引听众。
Active listening means paying full attention to the speaker, not interrupting, and showing you are listening through nods and brief responses. You should be able to summarise what you have heard and respond thoughtfully.
积极倾听意味着全神贯注于说话者，不打断，并通过点头和简短回应表示你在听。你应该能够总结所听到的内容并作出有思考的回应。
Non-verbal communication, such as gestures, facial expressions, and posture, can reinforce or contradict your spoken words. Being aware of your body language helps you communicate more effectively.
非语言交流，如手势、面部表情和姿势，可以强化或与你的言语相矛盾。意识到自己的肢体语言有助于你更有效地沟通。
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