📚 Year 7 WJEC Geography: Vocabulary Rapid Recall Guide | Year 7 WJEC 地理：词汇术语速记指南
Building a strong geographical vocabulary is the foundation for success in Year 7 WJEC Geography. This guide will help you quickly learn and remember the most important terms through simple memory tricks, visual images and playful associations. Whether you are reading a map, describing a settlement or explaining river processes, the right words will always make your explanations clearer and more accurate.
建立扎实的地理词汇是 Year 7 WJEC 地理学习成功的基础。本指南将通过简单的记忆技巧、生动的图像和有趣的联想，帮助你快速记住最重要的术语。无论你是在阅读地图、描述聚落，还是在解释河流过程，准确的用词都会让你的答案更加清晰、严谨。
Each section introduces key terms with definitions in English, followed by a Chinese translation, and then shares a rapid recall tip. Use these tricks to turn tricky vocabulary into easy wins.
每一节都会用英文介绍关键术语和定义，紧跟着中文翻译，并分享一个快速记忆的窍门。用这些技巧把难记的词汇变成你轻易拿下的得分点。
1. Maps, Scale and Grid References | 地图、比例尺与网格坐标
Understanding how to read a map starts with three core ideas: scale, grid references and direction. Scale shows the link between map distance and real distance. A scale of 1:25 000 means 1 cm on the map equals 25 000 cm (250 m) on the ground. The smaller the number after the colon, the more detail the map shows.
读懂地图要从三个核心概念入手：比例尺、网格坐标和方向。比例尺表示图上距离与实际距离的关系。1:25 000 的比例尺意味着图上 1 厘米代表实地 25 000 厘米（250 米）。冒号后面的数字越小，地图显示的细节越多。
A four-figure grid reference locates a specific square on a map. The secret phrase to remember the correct order is 'Along the corridor and up the stairs.' First read the eastings (the numbers along the bottom), then the northings (the numbers up the side). So grid reference 5234 means eastings 52, northings 34.
四位数字网格坐标用于查找地图上某个方格。记住正确顺序的口诀是'先沿走廊走，再上楼'。先读东距（沿底边的数字），再读北距（沿侧边的数字）。因此网格坐标 5234 表示东距 52，北距 34。
Compass directions can be memorised with 'Never Eat Shredded Wheat,' giving the cardinal points in clockwise order: North, East, South, West. For the intercardinal directions (NE, SE, SW, NW), think 'Never Eat Soggy Waffles' — but remember that after North comes East, then South, then West.
罗盘方位可以用'Never Eat Shredded Wheat'的口诀记忆，按顺时针方向依次是北、东、南、西。对于中间方位（东北、东南、西南、西北），可以记成'Never Eat Soggy Waffles'，但要记住北之后是东，再是南，最后是西。
Ordnance Survey maps use symbols that can be remembered by shape and colour. For example, a black dashed line often shows a footpath, and blue is always used for water features. A trick: 'Blue is pour-through, green is for the scene, black is the track.'
英国地形测量地图使用符号，可以根据形状和颜色来记忆。例如，黑色的虚线通常表示人行步道，蓝色永远代表水体。一个小窍门：'蓝色流水淌，绿色风景享，黑色小路向前闯。'
2. Settlement Patterns and Site Factors | 聚落形态与选址因素
A settlement is any place where people live. Settlements are classified by size and shape: hamlet, village, town, city and megalopolis. A hamlet has only a few houses, often with no services; a city is a large, densely populated area with many functions such as shopping, work and entertainment.
聚落是人们居住的任何地方。聚落根据规模和形态可分为：小村、村庄、城镇、城市和特大城市。小村通常只有几座房子，往往没有服务设施；城市则是一个人口密集的多功能区域，融合购物、工作和娱乐等。
Site refers to the exact piece of land a settlement is built on. Remember that 'site' rhymes with 'right' — the right spot on the ground. Situation describes the location of a settlement in relation to other places. A handy recall: 'SITuation is the SITe in the wider SITuation — where it sits among others.'
'Site'指聚落所建的具体地块。可以记住'site'和'right'押韵——就是那块恰好选中的地。'Situation'描述了一个聚落相对于其他地方的位置。一个方便的记法是：'SITuation就是聚落在更大范围里SIT的位置——它坐落在哪里。'
The function of a settlement is its main purpose. A port's function is trade, a market town distributes goods, and a resort town focuses on tourism. Link the word 'function' to 'fun' — what does the town make, sell or offer for fun and profit?
聚落的'功能'指的是它的主要用途。港口的职能是贸易，集镇分销货物，度假城镇则以旅游为核心。可以把'function'和'功能'里的'功'联想成'工作'——这个镇子做什么工作来赚钱和生活？
Common site factors include flat land, a reliable water supply, shelter from wind, and a river crossing point. Use the acronym WASH: Water, Access (or Aspect), Shelter, Height (or flat land). In Chinese, '水源、通路、避风、平地' can be remembered as '水通避平'.
常见的选址因素包括平坦的土地、可靠的水源、避风的场所和渡河点。可以用首字母缩略词 WASH 来记：Water（水）、Access（通路或朝向）、Shelter（庇护）、Height（高度或平地）。用中文可以缩略为'水通避平'。
3. Weather and Climate | 天气与气候
Weather is the day-to-day state of the atmosphere, while climate is the average weather pattern of a place over 30 years or more. A simple memory trick: 'Weather is what you get, climate is what you expect.'
天气是大气每一天的状态，而气候是一个地方 30 年或更长时间内的平均天气规律。简单的记忆方法是：'天气是你实际碰到的，气候是你预期会发生的。'
pitation (any form of water falling from clouds, such as rain, snow, sleet or hail). Think 'precipitation = preparation of water that precipitates from the sky'. The root 'cipit' relates to 'fall' — so it literally means falling water.
记录天气时，你需要知道'降水'一词，它指从云层降落的任何形态的水，例如雨、雪、雨夹雪或冰雹。可以把'precipitation'拆解为'pre-提前 + cipit-降落'——提前从天空降落的东西。在中文里'降水'的'降'本身就是落下。
Temperature tells you how hot or cold the air is. In the UK, temperature is measured in degrees Celsius (°C). Remember that Celsius uses 0 °C for freezing and 100 °C for boiling — neat and easy like a percentage scale.
温度表示空气的冷热程度。英国使用摄氏度（°C）测量温度。记住摄氏度的两个关键点：0 °C 是冰点，100 °C 是沸点——像一个百分刻度那样整齐好记。
A climate graph combines a bar chart of precipitation and a line graph of temperature. Spot the pattern: lots of rain in the winter? High temperatures all year? Use your finger to trace the temperature line while whispering 'temp goes up, temp goes down' and the precipitation bars 'rain falls in towers'.
气候图将降水柱状图和温度折线图结合在一起。找出规律：冬季雨水充沛？全年高温？用你的手指顺着温度线比划，小声说'温度起，温度落'，再读降水柱——'雨水柱柱落'。
To differentiate between weather and climate quickly, picture a wardrobe: weather decides what you wear today; climate decides what clothes you buy altogether.
为了快速区分天气和气候，想象一个衣柜：天气决定你今天穿什么；气候则决定你总体上买什么衣服。
4. Rivers and River Landforms | 河流与河流地貌
A river changes from its source to its mouth. The source is where the river begins, often in hills or mountains. Remember that 'source' sounds like 'sauce' — the starting point where the 'river sauce' first bubbles up.
河流从源头到河口沿途不断变化。'源头'是河流开始的地方，通常位于丘陵或山脉。可以联想'source'读音类似'sauce'（酱汁），就像是河流酱汁最初冒泡冒出的地方。
The mouth is where the river meets the sea or a lake. It is often wider and slower. Think 'mouth opens wide to swallow the sea'. The journey of a river can be remembered as 'S to M': Source to Mouth, from small to mighty.
河口是河流汇入海洋或湖泊的地方，通常更为宽阔、流速较慢。可以想象'河口张开大嘴去吞海'。整条河流的旅程可以记作'S to M'：从 Source 到 Mouth，从涓涓细流到浩浩荡荡。
A tributary is a smaller river that joins a larger one. 'Tributary' sounds like 'tribute' — the small stream pays tribute to the big river. A confluence is the exact point where two rivers meet. Picture a 'flow together conference'.
支流是一条汇入更大河流的小河。'tributary'听起来像'tribute'（贡品）——小溪流向大河'进贡'。'汇合点'是两条河流相遇的具体地点，可以想象一场'水流汇合大会'。
Meanders are sweeping bends in the middle and lower course. The shape helps you remember: the word 'meander' itself wiggles like a snake. On the outside of a bend, the water flows faster and erodes the bank; on the inside, it flows slower and deposits material.
曲流是河流中下游出现的蜿蜒弯道。这个形状本身就助于记忆：单词'meander'在拼写时也像蛇一样蜿蜒。在弯道的外侧，水流较快，冲刷河岸；在内侧，水流较慢，泥沙沉积。
5. Population and Migration | 人口与迁移
Population density tells us how crowded an area is. It is calculated as the number of people per square kilometre (people/km²). To remember the formula, think 'POPulation PER square' — POP PER square. A region with high density has many people packed tightly; low density means fewer people spread out.
人口密度告诉我们一个地区的拥挤程度。计算公式是每平方公里的人数（人/平方公里）。要记住公式，可以联想'人口密度 = 人口 ÷ 面积'，简称'人除面'。高密度表示摩肩接踵，低密度表示地广人稀。
ere people are located, such as clustered along the coast or scattered in rural areas. Use 'distribution = where the people are stashed', and picture dots on a map — clustered or spread out.
人口分布描述的是人们居住的位置，例如沿海集中分布或在农村零散分布。可以把'distribution'拆分成'dis-分散 + tribution'，然后想成'人群是分散堆放还是集中堆放'——在地图上看点状分布。
Birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people per year; death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. These two rates drive natural change. The trick: 'Birth brings life, death brings rate' — life and rate rhyme, helping you pair them.
出生率是每年每千人中的活产婴儿数；死亡率是每年每千人中的死亡人数。这两个率共同决定了自然变化。记忆窍门：'出生带来生命，死亡带来比率'；中文里'生率'和'死率'可以成对记忆。
Migration means moving from one place to another. Push factors are negative things that drive people away, e.g. a lack of jobs, war or poor healthcare. Pull factors are positive attractions, e.g. better education or safety. Imagine a hand pushing you out and another hand pulling you in.
迁移指从一个地方移居到另一个地方。'推力因素'是驱使人们离开的负面条件，例如缺乏就业机会、战争或医疗落后。'拉力因素'是吸引人们迁入的正面条件，例如更好的教育或安全的环境。可以想象一只手把你推出去，另一只手把你拉进来。
6. Economic Sectors and Resources | 经济部门与资源
onomic activities are grouped into four sectors. The primary sector extracts raw materials — think 'primary = picking and digging'. Examples include farming, fishing, mining and forestry. The acronym 'F-F-M-F' (Farming, Fishing, Mining, Forestry) can help.
经济活动分为四个部门。第一产业采集和提取原材料——记住'第一'就是最原始的'采摘和挖掘'。例子包括农业、渔业、采矿业和林业。可以用缩略词'农林牧渔矿'来记。
ials. This is where raw cotton becomes a T-shirt or iron ore becomes steel. A memory hook: 'second step = making things into shape'. Visualise a factory changing ingredients into finished products.
第二产业将原材料制成商品。在这一步，原始棉花变成 T 恤，铁矿石变成钢铁。记忆挂钩：'第二步就是将原料变成形状'。想象工厂把素材变成成品。
The tertiary sector provides services such as teaching, transport, healthcare and retail. 'Tertiary' sounds like 'tertiary' — or think 'third = you serve me tea'. People work to serve others rather than to produce physical objects.
第三产业提供服务，例如教育、运输、医疗和零售。'Tertiary'的发音类似'T-shirt'算不上，但可以联想'第三=给我端茶倒水'。人们的工作是为他人服务，而非生产实物。
activities like research, IT and financial planning. Picture a person in glasses thinking 'quarter + nary = smart brains at work'. It is a smaller but growing sector in many countries.
第四产业涉及以知识为基础的活动，如科研、信息技术和金融规划。可以想象一个戴眼镜的人在思考，'第四'就是动脑子的工作。在许多国家，这一部门虽小但持续增长。
Resources can be renewable (solar, wind, timber), non-renewable (coal, oil, natural gas) or sustainable when used carefully. A rhyme: 'Renewable regrows, non-renewable goes.'
资源可以是可再生的（太阳能、风能、木材），也可以是非再生的（煤炭、石油、天然气），或者在谨慎使用时实现可持续。一个押韵口诀：'可再生能再生，非再生用光净。'
7. Ecosystems and Biomes | 生态系统与生物群系
em is a community of living organisms interacting with their non-living environment. Think 'ECO = home' and 'SYSTEM = linking parts' osystem is a home system where plants, animals, soil, water and climate all work together.
生态系统是生物群落与其非生物环境相互作用的一个整体。'Eco'来自希腊语'家'，'system'指各部分相连的系统。所以生态系统就是一个家庭系统，植物、动物、土壤、水和气候协同运作。
Producers are organisms that make their own food using sunlight, such as plants and algae. Consumers eat other organisms, and decomposers break down dead material. Visualise a dinner table: producers cook the food, consumers eat it, decomposers wash the dishes and recycle leftovers.
生产者是利用阳光自己制造食物的生物，比如植物和藻类。消费者食用其他生物，分解者则分解死亡的有机物。想象一张餐桌：生产者做出饭菜，消费者吃掉饭菜，分解者负责洗碗并把厨余回收分解。
A biome is a large-scale ecosystem with similar climate, plants and animals, such as tropical rainforest, desert, tundra or savanna. The word 'biome' sounds like 'beyond home' — it stretches across huge areas. To remember tundra, think 'tun-dra' frozen ground, and the Chinese character '苔' (moss) helps connect to '冻原'.
生物群系是大尺度的、拥有相似气候和动植物的生态系统，例如热带雨林、沙漠、冻原和稀树草原。'biome'听起来像是'beyond home'——超出家庭范围，覆盖广袤区域。要记住'冻原'(tundra)，可以联想'TUN-nel + frozen DRAw'，中文'冻原'直接点出冰冷大地。
The tropical rainforest biome is hot and wet all year, found near the equator. The climate graph shows high temperature (often 25-28 °C) and heavy rainfall every month. Use the mental image of a 'steamy greenhouse with nonstop dripping leaves'.
热带雨林生物群系全年炎热潮湿，分布在赤道附近。气候图上可以看到全年高温（通常25-28 °C）和每月充沛的雨水。心理图像为'一个蒸汽弥漫的温室，叶子不停滴水'。
8. Ordnance Survey Map Symbols and Contour Lines | 地形测量图符号与等高线
Ordnance Survey (OS) maps use a rich set of symbols that each have a specific meaning. Remember that a black solid line is typically a road, a blue line a river, and green shading often means woodland. The key or legend unlocks all symbols; always check it first.
英国地形测量地图使用一套丰富的符号，每个符号都有具体含义。记住黑色实线通常是道路，蓝色线条是河流，绿色底色常表示林地。图例是解开所有符号的钥匙，一定要先看图例。
Contour lines connect points of equal height above sea level. They are usually brown or orange on an OS map. A rapid way to understand contours is that 'the closer the lines, the steeper the slope'. Imagine laying a blanket over a ball; the folds are tighter where the shape curves sharply.
等高线连接海平面以上高度相同的点，在 OS 地图上通常为棕色或橙色。快速掌握等高线的方法是：'等高线越密，坡度越陡'。想象把毯子盖在球上，球面弯曲越急的地方毯子褶皱就越密。
iangulation pillars (trig points) offer the highest and most accurate survey points. Think 'trig point = trigger point for measuring the peak'.
高程点显示单个点的精确高度，通常用圆点和数字标注。三角测量标石（'trig point'）提供最高、最准确的测量参考点。联想'trig point'就像是'触发器'，用来触发最高点的测量。
To visualise contour patterns, draw simple hills and valleys with your finger. A V-shaped contour pattern points upstream when crossing a river valley — the 'V' reminds you of a valley. In contrast, a spur shows contours pointing downslope.
为了理解等高线图案，可以用手指画简易的山丘和山谷。当等高线穿过河谷时，会形成指向河流上游的 V 形——'V'恰好是 Valley（山谷）的首字母。反之，山嘴的等高线则指向下坡。
9. Geographical Enquiry and Fieldwork | 地理探究与实地考察
Geographical enquiry is a step-by-step method for investigating a question. The sequence includes: ask a question, collect data, analyse, conclude and evaluate. Use the mnemonic 'ABCDE' — Ask, Background reading, Collect data, Draw conclusions, Evaluate. Or in Chinese, '问-查-析-结-评'.
地理探究是一套逐步研究问题的方法。步骤包括：提出问题、收集资料、分析数据、得出结论和评估。可以用缩略词'问-查-析-结-评'来记忆。
Primary data is information you collect yourself, such as questionnaires, field sketches or measurements. 'Primary' means first-hand — picture your own hand holding a clipboard. Secondary data is gathered from existing sources, like books, websites or maps. Think 'second-hand' data.
一手数据是你亲自收集的信息，例如问卷、实地草图或测量数据。'Primary'就是第一手的——想象你自己手拿记录板。二手数据则是从已有资料中搜集的，如书籍、网站或地图，可以想成'别人用过、你来转手'。
A hypothesis is a testable statement, such as 'The river speed increases downstream.' It must be clear and measurable. Remember 'hypothesis = high-pothesis: a high-stakes guess you will test'. A hypothesis is never a question; it is an expectation.
假设是一个可验证的陈述，例如'河流流速在下游加快'。假设必须清晰且可测量。可以记'hypothesis = 假推测'——一种你准备检验的预测。假设绝不是问句，而是一种预期。
After fieldwork, evaluate your methods: what went well and what could be improved. Use 'WWW' and 'EBI': What Went Well and Even Better If. Evaluating shows you can reflect on your learning, a key skill in WJEC Geography.
实地考察结束后，你需要评估自己的方法：哪些做得好，哪些可以改进。可以使用'WWW'（优点）和'EBI'（改进之处）的框架。评估能力表明你能反思学习，这是 WJEC 地理要求的一项关键技能。
10. Global Location Terms | 全球位置术语
The Earth is divided into hemispheres. The Equator at 0° latitude divides the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Remember that 'Equator' sounds like 'equal' — it splits the Earth into two equal halves. The Prime Meridian (0° longitude) divides the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
地球可分为多个半球。赤道（0°纬线）划分北半球和南半球。记住'Equator'和'equal'发音相近——它将地球平分为相等的两个半球。本初子午线（0°经线）则划分东半球和西半球。
The seven continents can be recalled with phrases like 'Eat An Apple As A Night Snack' for Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, North America, South America. Or simply chant their names in order of size: Asia, Africa, North America, South America,
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 Geography Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图