📚 Year 7 WJEC Geography: Summer Preparation & Bridging Course | Year 7 WJEC 地理：暑期预习与衔接课程
Starting secondary school is an exciting step, and Geography will help you understand the world around you. This summer bridging course is designed to give you a head start by introducing key topics and skills you will cover in Year 7 following the WJEC curriculum. You will explore places near and far, learn to read maps, and discover how physical and human processes shape our planet.
升入中学是令人兴奋的一步，地理将帮助你了解周围的世界。这个暑期衔接课程旨在让你提前起步，介绍在七年级 WJEC 课程中将要学习的关键主题和技能。你将探索远近各地，学习阅读地图，并发现自然与人文过程如何塑造我们的星球。
1. Welcome to Year 7 Geography | 欢迎来到七年级地理
Year 7 Geography marks your transition into a subject that connects the natural environment with human societies. In your first year, you will build a toolkit of geographical skills while exploring fascinating topics such as weather, rivers, cities and sustainability. This bridging course mirrors the structure of your future lessons, ensuring you feel confident and prepared from day one.
七年级地理标志着你们进入一门连接自然环境与人类社会的学科。在第一年，你将建立一套地理技能工具，同时探索天气、河流、城市和可持续性等引人入胜的课题。这个衔接课程反映了你们未来课堂的结构，确保你从第一天起就充满信心、准备就绪。
WJEC places a strong emphasis on enquiry-based learning, meaning you will learn through asking questions and investigating real-world examples. The summer preparation here introduces you to this approach: every section encourages you to observe, record and think critically. By the end, you will have a solid foundation for Year 7 success.
WJEC 十分重视探究式学习，意味着你将通过提问和调查真实案例来学习。这里的暑期预习向你介绍了这种方式：每个部分都鼓励你观察、记录并进行批判性思考。到最后，你将打下七年级成功的坚实基础。
2. What is Geography? | 什么是地理？
Geography is the study of Earth's landscapes, peoples, places and environments. It is divided into two main branches: physical geography, which looks at the natural world (rivers, mountains, weather), and human geography, which examines how people interact with the world (cities, trade, population). WJEC Year 7 introduces both strands so you can appreciate how they link together.
地理学是对地球景观、人群、地方和环境的研究。它分为两个主要分支：自然地理，研究自然界（河流、山脉、天气）；人文地理，考察人类如何与世界互动（城市、贸易、人口）。WJEC 七年级引入这两大分支，让你理解它们如何联系在一起。
Here is a quick comparison to help you remember the difference:
以下是一个快速对比，帮助你记住区别：
| Physical Geography (自然地理) | Human Geography (人文地理) |
|---|---|
| Rivers and flooding | Cities and settlement patterns |
| Coastal erosion | Migration and population change |
| Weather and climate | Economic activity and trade |
3. Essential Skills: Map Reading | 核心技能：地图阅读（上）
Maps are the geographer's most important tool. In Year 7, you will work with Ordnance Survey (OS) maps at 1:50 000 or 1:25 000 scales. You need to understand direction, scale and symbols. Let's begin with the compass points: north, south, east and west. Remember, 'Never Eat Shredded Wheat' can help you recall the clockwise order: North, East, South, West.
地图是地理学家最重要的工具。在七年级，你将使用 1:50 000 或 1:25 000 比例的 Ordnance Survey (OS) 地图。你需要理解方向、比例尺和图例符号。让我们从罗盘方位开始：北、南、东、西。记住，“Never Eat Shredded Wheat”可以帮助你记住顺时针顺序：北、东、南、西。
Scale tells you how much the real world has been reduced. For instance, a scale of 1:25 000 means that 1 cm on the map equals 25 000 cm (or 250 m) on the ground. Practise measuring straight-line distances using a ruler and converting them using the scale bar. You will also learn to describe routes using compass directions.
比例尺告诉你真实世界被缩小了多少。例如，比例尺 1:25 000 意味着地图上 1 厘米等于地面上 25 000 厘米（即 250 米）。练习用直尺测量直线距离，并用比例尺进行换算。你还将学习使用罗盘方位描述路线。
4. Map Skills: Grid References and Symbols | 地图技能：网格参考与图例符号（下）
OS maps use a network of blue grid lines to create grid squares. A four-figure grid reference gives you the square where a feature is located, while a six-figure grid reference pinpoints an exact spot. For example, the reference 1765 for the square bottom-left corner is '17' along the horizontal axis and '65' up the vertical axis. Always remember 'along the corridor and up the stairs'.
OS 地图使用蓝色网格线形成网格方格。四位数字网格参考给出某个地物所在的方格，六位数字网格参考则精确定位一个地点。例如，引用 1765 代表左下角坐标为“17”（沿水平轴）和“65”（沿垂直轴）。永远记住“沿着走廊走，再上楼梯”。
Symbols are the shorthand of maps. A blue line is a motorway, a triangle with a dot is a trig point, and a little black rectangle with a flag is a school. You will need to learn how to interpret the legend (key) quickly. Practise by looking at real OS map extracts and trying to identify settlement names, woodland, footpaths and spot heights.
符号是地图的速记语言。蓝线代表高速公路，带点的三角形是三角测量点，小带旗帜的黑色矩形代表学校。你需要学会快速解读图例。可以通过查看真实的 OS 地图摘录来练习，尝试识别聚落名称、林地、人行小径和点高程。
5. Understanding Our Weather and Climate | 了解我们的天气与气候
Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere (temperature, rainfall, wind), while climate is the average weather over 30 years. The UK has a temperate maritime climate, meaning mild winters, cool summers and rain all year round. In Year 7, you will learn to read weather maps and measure weather using instruments like a rain gauge and thermometer.
天气是大气的日常状态（温度、降水、风速），气候则是 30 年间的平均天气。英国属于温带海洋性气候，意味着冬季温和、夏季凉爽、全年有雨。在七年级，你将学习阅读天气图，并使用雨量器和温度计等仪器测量天气。
You will also explore why different parts of the UK experience different weather. Relief rainfall, for example, occurs when moist air is forced to rise over hills, cooling and condensing into clouds. Try keeping a simple weather diary for a week this summer – record cloud cover, wind direction and temperature each day.
你还将探索英国不同地区为何经历不同的天气。例如，地形雨发生在潮湿空气被迫抬升越过丘陵时，冷却凝结成云。今年夏天试着记录一周的简单天气日记——每天记录云量、风向和温度。
6. Rivers: From Source to Mouth | 河流：从源头到河口
Rivers are a key part of the WJEC Year 7 physical geography course. You will study the journey of a river from its source high in the hills to its mouth where it meets the sea. Along the way, you will learn about erosion (wearing away), transportation (moving material) and deposition (dropping material). These processes create features such as waterfalls, meanders and floodplains.
河流是 WJEC 七年级自然地理课程的关键部分。你将学习河流从高处的源头到入海口（河口）的旅程。沿途你将了解侵蚀（磨损）、搬运（搬运物质）和沉积（沉积物质）等过程。这些过程创造出瀑布、曲流和泛滥平原等特征。
Key terms you should know include 'V-shaped valley' (found in the upper course), 'confluence' (where two rivers join) and 'delta' (a fan-shaped area of sediment at the river's mouth). Watch a short documentary about a local river during the summer holidays – you will start to notice these features in real life.
你应该了解的关键术语包括“V 形谷”（出现在上游）、“汇流点”（两条河流交汇处）和“三角洲”（河口处扇形沉积区域）。暑假期间看一部关于当地河流的短片纪录片——你将开始在现实生活中注意到这些特征。
7. Coasts: Waves and Erosion | 海岸：波浪与侵蚀
The UK is an island nation, so understanding coasts is vital. Waves are the main force shaping coastlines. Destructive waves have a strong backwash and erode the land, while constructive waves deposit sand and build beaches. You will study coastal landforms including cliffs, caves, arches and stacks.
英国是一个岛国，因此理解海岸至关重要。波浪是塑造海岸线的主要力量。破坏性波浪具有强烈的回流并侵蚀陆地，而建设性波浪则沉积沙子，建造海滩。你将学习包括悬崖、洞穴、海蚀拱和海蚀柱在内的海岸地貌。
Erosion processes at the coast include hydraulic action (force of water), abrasion (rocks rubbing against the cliff) and attrition (rocks knocking into each other). Longshore drift describes the zigzag movement of sand and pebbles along a beach. Create a simple annotated sketch of a coastline to help you memorise these features.
海岸侵蚀过程包括水力作用（水流力量）、磨蚀（岩石摩擦悬崖）和磨圆作用（岩石相互碰撞）。沿岸漂流描述了沙粒和鹅卵石沿海滩的之字形运动。创作一幅带注释的简单海岸线草图，帮助你记忆这些特征。
8. Population: Where Do People Live? | 人口：人们居住在哪里？
Human geography begins by asking why people settle in particular places. Population distribution is uneven across the world – some areas are densely populated (many people per km²) while others are sparsely populated. Physical factors like flat land, fresh water and a mild climate attract people, while mountains and deserts deter settlement.
人文地理从询问人们为何定居在特定地方开始。世界人口分布不均——一些地区人口稠密（每平方公里很多人），而另一些地区人口稀疏。平坦的土地、淡水和温和的气候等自然因素吸引人们定居，而高山和沙漠则阻碍定居。
You will also explore how populations change over time due to birth rates, death rates and migration. The UK, like many countries, has an ageing population, which creates challenges for healthcare and pensions. During your summer break, look at a world population density map and try to spot the 'dots' where most people live.
你还将探索人口如何因出生率、死亡率和迁移而随时间变化。像许多国家一样，英国正面临人口老龄化，这对医疗保健和养老金构成挑战。在暑假期间，查看世界人口密度图，试着找出大多数人居住的“点”。
9. Settlement: From Villages to Cities | 聚落：从村庄到城市
Settlements are places where people live. They range from tiny hamlets to mega-cities. You will learn about settlement hierarchy, which ranks places according to their size and importance: a hamlet has very few services, while a city has hospitals, universities and large shopping centres. The WJEC course uses examples from Wales and the wider UK.
聚落是人们居住的地方，从小小的村庄到大城市。你将学习聚落等级体系，它根据规模和重要性对地方进行排序：小村庄服务设施极少，而城市拥有医院、大学和大型购物中心。WJEC 课程使用来自威尔士和更广泛英国的实例。
Settlement patterns can be dispersed, nucleated (clustered) or linear (along a road or river). The site of a settlement refers to the actual land it is built on, while its situation describes its location in relation to other features. Draw a simple map of your local area and label the different types of settlement you observe.
聚落形态可以是分散的、核心聚居的或线性（沿道路或河流分布）的。聚落的“地点”指其建造的实际土地，而“位置”则描述其相对于其他地物的位置。画一幅你所在地区的简单地图，并标明你观察到的不同聚落类型。
10. Economic Activities: How People Make a Living | 经济活动：人们如何谋生
Economic activities are divided into four sectors: primary (getting raw materials, e.g. farming), secondary (making things, e.g. factory work), tertiary (providing a service, e.g. teacher) and quaternary (research and IT). Year 7 WJEC makes this easy by looking at how these sectors change over time in a country like Wales.
经济活动分为四个部门：第一产业（获取原材料，如农业）、第二产业（制造产品，如工厂工作）、第三产业（提供服务，如教师）和第四产业（研究与信息技术）。七年级 WJEC 课程通过观察这些部门在像威尔士这样的国家中如何随时间变化，使这一概念简单易懂。
You will also study how the closure of coal mines in South Wales led to a shift from primary to tertiary employment. This is an example of economic restructuring. To prepare, think about the jobs your family members do and classify them into sectors. This active thinking will make future lessons feel familiar.
你还将学习南威尔士煤矿关闭如何导致就业从第一产业向第三产业转移。这是经济结构调整的一个例子。作为准备，想一想你的家人从事的工作，并将其分类到不同部门。这种主动思考将使未来的课程变得熟悉。
11. Sustainability: Caring for Our Planet | 可持续性：关爱我们的星球
Sustainability means meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. This theme runs through the whole WJEC curriculum. You will discuss renewable energy (solar, wind) versus non-renewable (coal, oil), recycling, and how cities can become greener. Geography in Year 7 encourages you to think globally and act locally.
可持续性意味着满足我们自身需求的同时，不损害子孙后代满足其需求的能力。这一主题贯穿整个 WJEC 课程。你将讨论可再生能源（太阳能、风能）与不可再生能源（煤、石油）、回收利用，以及城市如何变得更环保。七年级地理鼓励你放眼全球，立足本地行动。
A key concept is the carbon footprint: the amount of greenhouse gases released by our everyday activities. Reducing food miles (the distance food travels from farm to plate) is one way to lower our footprint. Over the summer, you could start a 'sustainability detective' notebook – record one sustainable and one unsustainable action you see each day.
一个关键概念是碳足迹：我们日常活动释放的温室气体总量。减少食物里程（食物从农场到餐桌的运输距离）是降低足迹的一种方式。暑假期间，你可以开始一本“可持续性侦探”笔记本——每天记录你看到的一个可持续行为和一个不可持续行为。
12. Becoming a Skilled Geographer | 成为熟练的地理学者
Throughout Year 7, you will develop fieldwork and enquiry skills that are central to WJEC assessment. Fieldwork means going outside the classroom to collect data, such as measuring river speed, surveying local shops or mapping traffic. You will then present your findings using graphs, photographs and written analysis. The bridging course invites you to start asking 'what if' and 'why' about places.
在整个七年级中，你将培养田野调查和探究技能，这是 WJEC 评估的核心。田野调查意味着走出课堂收集数据，例如测量河流流速、调查当地商店或绘制交通流量图。然后，你将使用图表、照片和书面分析来呈现你的发现。衔接课程邀请你开始对地方提出“如果……会怎样”和“为什么”的问题。
Don't worry about having all the answers now. Geography is about curiosity. Read a map on a family trip, watch the weather forecast, or simply observe the buildings in your town. The most important summer task is to keep your eyes open to the geographical world. Your Year 7 teacher will be impressed by your awareness and enthusiasm.
不必担心现在就要知道所有答案。地理关乎好奇心。在家庭旅行中阅读地图，观看天气预报，或者只是观察你所在城镇的建筑物。最重要的暑期任务是保持对地理世界的敏锐观察。你的七年级老师会对你展现的意识和热情印象深刻。
Published by TutorHao | Geography Revision Series | aleveler.com
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