📚 Year 7 WJEC Science: Vocabulary Terms Quick-Memorisation Guide | Year 7 WJEC 科学：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your essential vocabulary guide for Year 7 WJEC Science. Mastering scientific terms early on not only helps you understand new concepts but also makes you more confident when tackling exam questions. This article takes you through the core words from biology, chemistry and physics, complete with simple definitions and memory tricks that really stick. Let's turn those tricky terms into familiar friends.
欢迎来到 Year 7 WJEC 科学的必备词汇指南。尽早掌握科学术语不仅能帮助你理解新概念，还能让你在应对考试问题时更自信。本文带你浏览生物、化学和物理中的核心词汇，配有简洁的定义和真正有效的记忆技巧。让我们一起把这些棘手的术语变成熟悉的朋友。
1. Why Memorising Scientific Terms Matters | 为什么记忆科学术语很重要
Science has its own language. Words such as 'photosynthesis' or 'evaporation' describe precise processes that everyday language cannot capture. Learning these terms actively improves your ability to follow lessons, write accurate lab reports and score higher on WJEC assessments.
科学有自己的语言。像“photosynthesis（光合作用）”或“evaporation（蒸发）”这样的词描述了日常语言无法准确表达的过程。积极学习这些术语能提高你跟上课堂进度、撰写准确实验报告以及在 WJEC 评估中获得更高分数的能力。
In Year 7 you are introduced to around 100 new scientific words. Rather than trying to memorise them by rote, approach them as building blocks. Once you know a few root words, you can often guess the meaning of unfamiliar terms.
在 Year 7 你会接触到大约 100 个新的科学词汇。与其死记硬背，不如把它们当作积木。一旦掌握一些词根，你通常能猜出生词的意思。
Tackling vocabulary early also prevents misconceptions. For example, 'mass' and 'weight' are often confused in physics, while 'respiration' and 'breathing' mean different things in biology. This guide sorts them out clearly.
尽早攻克词汇还能防止误解。例如，物理中“质量”和“重量”经常被混淆，而生物中“呼吸作用”和“呼吸”的意思也不同。本指南会帮你理清这些区别。
2. Using Root Words, Prefixes and Suffixes | 利用词根、前缀和后缀
Many scientific terms are built from Latin or Greek parts. 'Bio-' means life, so biology is the study of life. 'Photo-' means light, which links to photosynthesis and photography. Recognising these patterns is like holding a decoder ring for science vocabulary.
许多科学术语由拉丁语或希腊语的部分构成。“Bio-”表示生命，因此 biology（生物学）是研究生命的学科。“Photo-”表示光，这与 photosynthesis（光合作用）和 photography（摄影）相关联。识别这些规律就像拥有解读科学词汇的解码戒指。
Common prefixes to remember: 'micro-' (small, e.g. microscope, microorganism), 'macro-' (large), 'therm-' (heat, e.g. thermometer), 'hydro-' (water, e.g. dehydration), 'sub-' (under or below, e.g. submarine, subscript) and 'super-' (above).
需要记住的常见前缀：“micro-”（小，如显微镜、微生物），“macro-”（大），“therm-”（热，如温度计），“hydro-”（水，如脱水），“sub-”（在下面或低于，如潜艇、下标）和“super-”（在上）。
Suffixes are equally useful. '-ology' means the study of (biology, geology). '-meter' or '-metry' relates to measurement (thermometer, symmetry). '-scope' means to see or observe (microscope, telescope). '-lysis' means breaking down (hydrolysis, analysis).
后缀同样有用。“-ology”表示学科（生物学、地质学）。“-meter”或“-metry”与测量有关（温度计、对称）。“-scope”表示看见或观察（显微镜、望远镜）。“-lysis”表示分解（水解、分析）。
In chemistry, prefixes like 'mono-', 'di-', 'tri-' indicate numbers. In physics, 'kilo-' means one thousand and 'centi-' means one hundredth. Every time you meet a new term, break it into smaller parts to unlock its meaning.
在化学中，“mono-”、“di-”、“tri-”等前缀表示数量。在物理中，“kilo-”表示一千，“centi-”表示百分之一。每次遇到新术语，把它拆成更小的部分来解开含义。
3. Biology: Cell Structure and Microscopy | 生物：细胞结构与显微镜使用
Cell – The smallest unit of life that can carry out all life processes. All living organisms are made of cells.
细胞 – 能进行所有生命过程的最小生命单位。所有生物体都由细胞组成。
Nucleus – The control centre of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA).
细胞核 – 细胞的控制中心，含有遗传物质 (DNA)。
Cytoplasm – Jelly-like substance where most chemical reactions happen inside the cell.
细胞质 – 胶状物质，细胞内大部分化学反应在此发生。
Cell membrane – The thin, flexible outer layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
细胞膜 – 薄而柔韧的外层，控制物质进出细胞。
Mitochondria – Tiny structures where respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell. Think of them as the cell's power stations.
线粒体 – 发生呼吸作用的微小结构，为细胞释放能量。可以把它们想象成细胞的发电站。
Chloroplast – Green structure found in plant cells that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll.
叶绿体 – 植物细胞中发现的绿色结构，吸收阳光进行光合作用。含有叶绿素。
Cell wall – Rigid outer layer in plant, fungal and bacterial cells that provides support and shape. Made of cellulose in plants.
细胞壁 – 植物、真菌和细菌细胞中提供支撑和形状的坚硬外层。植物中由纤维素组成。
Vacuole – A fluid-filled sac inside plant cells, often large and permanent, storing water and nutrients.
液泡 – 植物细胞内部充满液体的囊，通常较大且永久存在，储存水和营养物质。
Unicellular – An organism consisting of only one cell, such as bacteria or Amoeba.
单细胞 – 只由一个细胞构成的生物体，如细菌或变形虫。
Multicellular – An organism made of many cells that work together, like humans and trees.
多细胞 – 由许多细胞协同工作组成的生物体，如人类和树木。
Microscope – An instrument that uses lenses to magnify tiny objects. Magnification makes things appear larger.
显微镜 – 一种利用透镜放大微小物体的仪器。放大使你观察到的东西显得更大。
4. Biology: Life Processes and Ecosystems | 生物：生命过程与生态系统
MRS GREN – A handy acronym to remember the seven life processes: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition.
MRS GREN – 一个记忆七种生命过程的有用缩略词：运动、呼吸（作用）、感应、生长、繁殖、排泄和营养。
Photosynthesis – on dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.
光合作用 – 绿色植物利用阳光、二氧化碳和水生成葡萄糖和氧气的过程。方程式：6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂。
Respiration (aerobic) – e, using oxygen. Often summarised as glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy).
（有氧）呼吸作用 – 细胞中利用氧气从葡萄糖释放能量的化学反应。通常总结为：葡萄糖 + 氧气 → 二氧化碳 + 水（+ 能量）。
Ecosystem – A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment. Includes factors like temperature, light and soil.
生态系统 – 生物群落与彼此及其非生物环境相互作用的一个整体。包括温度、光照和土壤等因素。
Producer – An organism that makes its own food, usually through photosynthesis. Green plants and algae are producers.
生产者 – 自己制造食物的生物，通常通过光合作用。绿色植物和藻类是生产者。
Consumer – An organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms. Primary consumers eat plants; secondary consumers eat other animals.
消费者 – 通过捕食其他生物获得能量的生物。初级消费者吃植物，次级消费者吃其他动物。
Decomposer – Organisms like bacteria and fungi that break down dead matter, returning nutrients to the soil.
分解者 – 细菌和真菌等生物，它们分解死物，将养分返回土壤。
Predator and Prey – A predator hunts and kills another animal (prey) for food. A food chain shows the flow of energy from one organism to the next.
捕食者与猎物 – 捕食者捕杀另一种动物（猎物）为食。食物链显示能量从一个生物体流向另一个。
Diffusion – The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until they are evenly spread. This is how oxygen enters our blood.
扩散 – 粒子从高浓度区域向低浓度区域运动，直至均匀分布。这就是氧气进入我们血液的方式。
5. Chemistry: Particles and States of Matter | 化学：粒子与物质状态
Particle model – All substances are made of tiny, moving particles. Spacing and movement determine whether a material is a solid, liquid or gas.
粒子模型 – 所有物质都由微小的、运动的粒子构成。粒子间距和运动方式决定了材料是固体、液体还是气体。
Solid – Particles are packed closely in a regular pattern, vibrating in fixed positions. Solids have a fixed shape and volume.
固体 – 粒子紧密排列成规则图案，在固定位置振动。固体有固定的形状和体积。
Liquid – Particles are close together but can slide past each other. Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container.
液体 – 粒子彼此靠近但能相互滑过。液体有固定体积但呈现容器的形状。
Gas – Particles are far apart and move rapidly in all directions. Gases have no fixed shape or volume and can be compressed.
气体 – 粒子相距很远并快速向各个方向运动。气体没有固定的形状或体积，可被压缩。
Melting – The change of state from solid to liquid, occurring at the melting point.
熔化 – 物质从固态变为液态，在熔点发生。
Freezing – The change from liquid to solid; the reverse of melting.
凝固 – 从液态变为固态；与熔化相反。
Boiling / Evaporation – Boiling happens at a specific temperature throughout a liquid; evaporation happens at the surface at any temperature. Both change liquid to gas.
沸腾 / 蒸发 – 沸腾在整个液体中于特定温度发生；蒸发在任何温度下的液体表面发生。两者都将液体变为气体。
Condensation – The change from gas to liquid, for example when water vapour hits a cold mirror. It releases energy.
冷凝 – 从气态变为液态，例如水蒸气碰到冷镜子时。它释放能量。
Sublimation – A few solids change directly to a gas without becoming liquid first, like solid carbon dioxide (dry ice).
升华 – 少数固体不经液态直接变为气体，例如固态二氧化碳（干冰）。
6. Chemistry: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures | 化学：元素、化合物和混合物
Element – A pure substance made of only one type of atom. Examples include oxygen (O), iron (Fe) and gold (Au).
元素 – 仅由一种原子组成的纯净物。例如氧 (O)、铁 (Fe) 和金 (Au)。
Atom – The smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction. All elements are made of atoms.
原子 – 元素中能参与化学反应的最小粒子。所有元素都由原子构成。
Molecule – Two or more atoms chemically bonded together. Oxygen gas (O₂) is a molecule made of two oxygen atoms.
分子 – 两个或更多原子通过化学键结合在一起的粒子。氧气 (O₂) 是由两个氧原子组成的分子。
Compound – A pure substance made of two or more different elements chemically combined in fixed proportions, such as water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).
化合物 – 由两种或多种不同元素以固定比例化学结合而成的纯净物，如水 (H₂O) 和二氧化碳 (CO₂)。
Mixture – Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically bonded. Air is a mixture of gases; soil is a mixture of many materials.
混合物 – 两种或多种物质混合在一起但未发生化学键合。空气是气体混合物；土壤是多种材料的混合物。
Periodic table – A chart arranging all known elements in order of atomic number, showing patterns in their properties.
元素周期表 – 按原子序数排列所有已知元素的图表，显示了元素性质的规律。
Solution – A mixture where a solute is dissolved in a solvent, forming a clear liquid. Salt water is a solution: salt is the solute, water is the solvent.
溶液 – 溶质溶解在溶剂中形成的澄清液体。盐水是溶液：盐是溶质，水是溶剂。
Pure substance – In chemistry, a single element or compound with nothing else mixed in. Melting and boiling points can be used to test purity.
纯净物 – 化学中指单一元素或化合物，不含其他掺杂物质。熔点和沸点可用于检验纯度。
7. Physics: Forces and Motion | 物理：力与运动
Force – A push or pull acting on an object. Forces are measured in newtons (N). They can change an object's speed, direction or shape.
力 – 作用在物体上的推或拉。力的单位是牛顿 (N)。力可以改变物体的速度、方向或形状。
Gravity – A force of attraction between all objects with mass. On Earth, gravity pulls objects towards the centre of the planet, giving them weight.
重力 – 所有有质量的物体之间的一种吸引力。在地球上，重力将物体拉向地心，赋予了它们重量。
Weight – The force of gravity acting on an object's mass. It depends on the strength of gravity. Your weight would be less on the Moon.
重量 – 作用在物体质量上的重力大小。它取决于重力强度。你在月球上的重量会更小。
Mass – The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg). Mass does not change with location; weight does.
质量 – 物体所含物质的多少，以千克 (kg) 为单位。质量不随位置改变，重量会。
Friction – A force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. It can be useful (brakes) or unwanted (engine wear).
摩擦力 – 阻碍接触表面之间相对运动的力。它可能有用（刹车）也可能有害（发动机磨损）。
Air resistance – A type of friction that acts on objects moving through the air. The larger the surface area, the greater the air resistance.
空气阻力 – 一种作用在穿过空气运动物体上的摩擦。表面积越大，空气阻力越大。
Balanced forces – When two forces are equal in size but opposite in direction, they cancel each other out. The object remains at constant speed or at rest.
平衡力 – 当两个力大小相等方向相反时，互相抵消。物体保持恒定速度或静止。
Unbalanced forces – Result in a change in an object's motion (acceleration, deceleration or change of direction).
非平衡力 – 导致物体运动改变（加速、减速或改变方向）。
Speed – How fast an object moves, often calculated as distance travelled divided by time taken.
速度 – 物体运动的快慢，通常用移动距离除以所用时间计算。
Speed = distance ÷ time
速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间
8. Physics: Energy and Electricity | 物理：能量与电
Energy – The ability to do work. It exists in different stores: kinetic, thermal, chemical, elastic potential, gravitational potential, electrical, light and sound. Energy is measured in joules (J).
能量 – 做功的能力。它存在于不同的储存形式：动能、热能、化学能、弹性势能、重力势能、电能、光能和声能。能量单位是焦耳 (J)。
Kinetic energy – Energy an object has because of its motion. The faster it moves, the greater its kinetic energy.
动能 – 物体因运动而具有的能量。运动越快，动能越大。
Energy transfer – Energy can move from one store to another or from one place to another. For example, a battery transfers chemical energy into electrical energy in a circuit.
能量转移 – 能量可以从一个储存转移到另一个储存，或从一个地方传递到另一处。例如，电池在线路中将化学能转化为电能。
Circuit – A complete loop that allows electric current to flow. It must include a power source, conducting wires and a load (like a lamp or buzzer).
电路 – 允许电流流通的完整回路。必须包含电源、导线和负载（如灯泡或蜂鸣器）。
Current – The flow of electric charge around a circuit. Measured in amperes (A), it is like the amount of water flowing in a pipe.
电流 – 电荷在回路中的流动。以安培 (A) 为单位，类似于水管中的水流量。
Voltage – The 'push' that drives current around a circuit. Measured in volts (V), it tells us the energy transferred per unit of charge.
电压 – 驱动电流在电路中流动的“推力”。以伏特 (V) 为单位，告诉我们每单位电荷传输的能量。
Conductor – A material that allows electricity or heat to pass through easily. Metals like copper are excellent conductors.
导体 – 允许电或热轻易通过的材料。铜等金属是优良导体。
Insulator – A material that does not allow electricity or heat to pass through easily. Plastic, rubber and wood are insulators.
绝缘体 – 不允许电或热轻易通过的材料。塑料、橡胶和木材是绝缘体。
Series circuit – A circuit where components are connected one after another in a single loop. If one component breaks, the circuit is broken and all devices stop working.
串联电路 – 各元件首尾相连在单一回路中的电路。如果一个元件损坏，回路断开，所有设备停止工作。
9. Memory Techniques for Tricky Terms | 困难术语的记忆技巧
Science vocabulary sticks best when you use multiple senses. Say the word aloud as you read it, write it in a sentence and draw a simple diagram beside it. This triple coding helps your brain build stronger connections.
当你使用多种感官时，科学词汇记得最牢。在阅读词汇时大声读出，把它写进句子里，并在旁边画一个简图。这种三重编码有助于大脑建立更强的联系。
Create flashcards with the term on one side and the definition plus a root-word clue on the other. Review them daily for five minutes – short, frequent practice beats marathon sessions.
制作闪卡，一面写术语，另一面写定义和一个词根线索。每天复习五分钟——短时间、高频率的练习胜过长时突击。
Make up silly mnemonics. For the six characteristics of living things that some courses use (MRS GREN but slightly different), 'Cows May Smoke Grass' reminds us of Cells, Movement, Sensitivity, Growth. Always personalise the phrase so it makes you smile.
编造好玩的助记语。对于一些课程中生命体的特征，“Cows May Smoke Grass”可提醒我们细胞、运动、感应、生长。将短语个性化，让它让你发笑，更容易记住。
Group terms by topic and use colour codes: green for biology, orange for chemistry, blue for physics. Your brain loves categories and colours; they act as visual cues during recall.
按主题分组词汇并使用颜色编码：生物用绿色，化学用橙色，物理用蓝色。你的大脑喜欢类别和颜色；它们在回忆时充当视觉线索。
Spot the difference between easily confused pairs. 'Mass' (amount of stuff) vs 'Weight' (gravity's pull). 'Evaporation' (surface) vs 'Boiling' (throughout liquid). Draw a Venn diagram to compare them.
找出易混淆词对的区别。“质量”（物质的多少）与“重量”（重力的拉力）。“蒸发”（表面）与“沸腾”（整个液体）。画一张韦恩图来比较它们。
10. Practice and Self-Testing | 练习与自测
Retrieval practice is the most powerful way to cement science vocabulary. Without looking at your notes, try to write definitions for five key terms from memory. Then check your answers and fill in any gaps.
检索练习是巩固科学词汇的最有效方式。不看书，试着凭记忆写出五个关键术语的定义。然后核对答案并填补任何空白。
Use past WJEC Year 7 checkpoints or online quizzes to test yourself in context. Science vocabulary is rarely tested in isolation – you will need to apply it when describing an experiment or explaining a result.
使用过去的 WJEC Year 7 检查点练习或在线测验，在语境中自我测试。科学词汇很少孤立考查——你需要在描述实验或解释结果时运用它们。
Explain a term to a family member or friend. If you can teach 'diffusion' or 'unbalanced forces' in simple language, you truly know it. This also highlights any areas you need to revisit.
向家人或朋友解释一个术语。如果你能用简单的语言教会别人“扩散”或“非平衡力”，你就真正掌握了。这也能暴露出你需要复习的地方。
Keep a small vocabulary journal. Each week, choose five new terms to focus on, draw a symbol for each and record a sentence that links them to real life. Over a term, you will have a personal science dictionary.
保持一本小的词汇日记。每周选择五个新术语重点学习，为每个术语画一个符号，并记录一个联系现实生活的句子。一学期下来，你会拥有属于自己的科学字典。
Remember that making mistakes is part of learning. If you confuse mitochondria with chloroplasts, use the 'green' hint for chloroplasts (contain
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