📚 Year 7 WJEC Science: Scientific Report Writing Framework and Model Example | 七年级 WJEC 科学：科学报告写作框架与范文
Learning how to write a clear scientific report is an essential skill in Year 7 WJEC Science. A well-structured report helps you communicate your investigation clearly, allowing others to understand your question, method, findings and conclusions. Whether you are carrying out an experiment on germination, dissolving or forces, using a standard framework will improve your marks and your thinking.
学习如何撰写清晰的科学报告是七年级 WJEC 科学课程中的一项基本技能。结构良好的报告有助于你清晰地传达你的探究，让他人理解你的问题、方法、发现和结论。无论你是在做关于种子发芽、溶解还是力的实验，使用标准框架都能提高你的成绩和思维能力。
1. The Importance of a Good Structure | 良好结构的重要性
A scientific report follows a logical sequence. This allows anyone to repeat your experiment and check your results. Without a clear structure, your ideas can become confusing. The key sections are: Title, Aim, Hypothesis, Variables, Equipment, Method, Results, Conclusion and Evaluation.
科学报告遵循逻辑顺序。这使得任何人都能重复你的实验并检验你的结果。如果没有清晰的结构，你的想法会变得混乱。关键部分是：标题、目的、假设、变量、器材、方法、结果、结论和评价。
2. Title and Aim | 标题与目标
The title should be a question or a clear statement showing the independent and dependent variables. The aim explains what you intend to find out. For example: 'To investigate how the shape of a parachute affects the time it takes to fall.'
标题应当是一个问题或一个清晰的陈述，表明自变量和因变量。目的说明你打算发现什么。例如：“探究降落伞形状如何影响下降时间。”
Use the phrase 'To investigate how... affects...' in your aim. This makes the relationship clear.
在目的中使用 ‘探究……如何影响……’ 的句式，这能清楚地表达关系。
3. Hypothesis and Prediction | 假设与预测
A hypothesis is a scientific guess based on prior knowledge. It should explain why you think something will happen. A prediction is more specific, often stating what you expect to measure. For instance: 'I predict that the wider the parachute, the longer the fall time will take, because there is more air resistance acting on a larger surface area.'
假设是基于已有知识的科学猜测，应该解释你为什么认为某件事会发生。预测更具体，通常陈述你认为会测量到什么结果。例如：“我预测降落伞越大，下降时间会越长，因为表面积更大时空气阻力作用更大。”
Your hypothesis and prediction form the foundation of your investigation and will be tested.
你的假设和预测形成了探究的基础，并将被检验。
4. Identifying Variables | 识别变量
In a fair test, you must identify three types of variables: the independent variable (what you change), the dependent variable (what you measure) and the control variables (what you keep the same). In a parachute experiment, the independent variable could be the area of the canopy, the dependent variable the fall time, and control variables might include the height of drop and the mass attached.
在公平测试中，你必须识别三种变量：自变量（你改变的量）、因变量（你测量的量）和控制变量（你保持不变的量）。在降落伞实验中，自变量可以是伞面面积，因变量是下降时间，控制变量可能包括下落高度和所附质量。
Listing control variables shows you understand how to make the test fair.
列出控制变量表明你理解如何进行公平测试。
5. Equipment and Method | 器材与方法
List all the equipment you will use, including sizes and quantities. The method should be written as a step-by-step instruction, clearly enough for another person to replicate. Use numbered steps and include how you will measure and record data. For example: '1. Cut a paper helicopter of standard size with blade lengths of 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm. 2. Drop each helicopter from a height of 2 m and time its fall using a stopwatch. 3. Repeat each length three times.'
列出你将使用的所有器材，包括尺寸和数量。方法应写成分步说明，使他人能够复制。使用编号步骤，并说明你将如何测量和记录数据。例如：“1. 剪裁一个标准尺寸的纸直升机，叶片长度分别为5厘米、10厘米和15厘米。2. 从2米高处投下每个直升机，用秒表记录下落时间。3. 每个长度重复三次。”
6. Recording Results | 记录结果
Design a results table before you start. It should have headings with units, space for repeated readings and an average column. Use clear labels. For example, a table for the paper helicopter might have columns: 'Blade length (cm)', 'Time 1 (s)', 'Time 2 (s)', 'Time 3 (s)', 'Average time (s)'.
开始实验前先设计一个结果表格。表格应有带单位的标题、重复读数的空间和平均值列。使用清晰的标签。例如，纸直升机的表格可以有这些列：“叶片长度 (cm)”、“时间1 (s)”、“时间2 (s)”、“时间3 (s)”、“平均时间 (s)”。
Always record raw data honestly, even if it seems odd. Outliers can be discussed later.
务必如实记录原始数据，即使看起来异常。异常值可稍后讨论。
7. Presenting Data in Tables and Graphs | 用表格和图表呈现数据
After collecting data, show it in a table and then a graph. For variables that are categories or discrete, use a bar chart. For continuous variables like blade length, a line graph or scatter plot with a line of best fit may be appropriate. Label axes with variable names and units, and give the graph a title.
收集数据后，先用表格再用图表呈现。对于分类或离散变量，使用条形图。对于如叶片长度这样的连续变量，可用线图或带最佳拟合线的散点图。坐标轴标上变量名称和单位，并给图表起个标题。
The graph helps you see patterns and trends more easily than a table alone.
与单独的表格相比，图表能帮助你更容易地看出模式和趋势。
8. Writing a Conclusion | 撰写结论
Your conclusion should answer the original aim and state whether your hypothesis was supported or not. Always refer to specific data from your results, e.g., 'The average fall time increased from 1.2 s for the 5 cm blades to 2.4 s for the 15 cm blades. This supports the hypothesis that longer blades increase air resistance and slow the fall.'
结论应回答最初的目的，并说明你的假设是否得到支持。一定要引用结果中的具体数据，例如：“叶片长度从5厘米增加到15厘米时，平均下落时间从1.2秒增加到2.4秒。这支持了假设：更长的叶片增加空气阻力，减缓下落速度。”
If the data does not match the hypothesis, explain what actually happened instead.
如果数据与假设不符，则解释实际发生了什么。
9. Evaluation and Improvements | 评价与改进
In this section, reflect on how reliable your results are. Discuss any anomalies and suggest reasons. Consider the precision of your equipment and whether you had enough repeats. Propose specific improvements, such as 'use a higher drop height to reduce reaction time error' or 'test more blade lengths to get a better trend line'.
在这一部分，反思你的结果有多可靠。讨论任何异常值并提出原因。考虑设备的精确度以及是否有足够的重复次数。提出具体的改进建议，例如“使用更高的下落高度以减少反应时间误差”或“测试更多的叶片长度以获得更准确的趋势线”。
A strong evaluation shows you can think like a scientist and improve investigations.
有力的评价表明你能像科学家一样思考并改进探究。
10. Full Model Report: Paper Helicopter Experiment | 完整范文：纸直升机实验
Below is a complete scientific report for a Year 7 investigation into paper helicopters, written following the WJEC framework. Use it as a model for your own reports.
以下是一份针对纸直升机的七年级完整科学报告，按照 WJEC 框架撰写。可用作你自己报告的范本。
Title: How does the length of paper helicopter blades affect the time it takes to fall?
标题：纸直升机旋翼长度如何影响下落时间？
Aim: To investigate how changing the blade length of a paper helicopter affects its falling time.
目的：探究改变纸直升机叶片长度如何影响其下落时间。
Hypothesis: I think that longer blades will make the helicopter fall more slowly because they create more air resistance when spinning. I predict that as the blade length increases, the average falling time will also increase.
假设：我认为较长的叶片会使直升机下落更慢，因为在旋转时它们会产生更大的空气阻力。我预测随着叶片长度增加，平均下落时间也会增加。
Variables: Independent variable – blade length (5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm). Dependent variable – time to fall (in seconds). Control variables – height of drop (2 m), shape of helicopter body (same template), mass of paper (same type of paper), and release method (held at wing tips and released without pushing).
变量：自变量——叶片长度（5
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