📚 Year 7 WJEC Biology: International Competition Preparation Guide | Year 7 WJEC 生物：国际竞赛备战攻略
Preparing for international biology competitions alongside your Year 7 WJEC Biology studies can supercharge your learning and give you a taste of high-level challenges. Competitions such as the Biology Challenge (Junior) or school-level olympiads test not only recall but also application and inference. This guide combines essential Year 7 WJEC topics with proven competition strategies to help you excel.
在 Year 7 WJEC 生物课程学习的同时备战国际生物竞赛，能够加速你的知识吸收，并让你提前感受高难度挑战。像 Biology Challenge（初级）或校级奥林匹克竞赛不仅考查记忆，更注重应用和推理能力。本攻略结合了 Year 7 WJEC 的核心主题与行之有效的竞赛备赛策略，助你脱颖而出。
1. Understanding the Competition Format | 了解竞赛形式
International biology competitions for Year 7 students often consist of multiple-choice questions, short-answer tasks, and sometimes data interpretation. Familiarise yourself with the structure: how many questions, the duration, and whether there is negative marking. Knowing the format reduces anxiety and helps you pace yourself during the actual event.
针对 Year 7 学生的国际生物竞赛通常包含选择题、简答题，有时还有数据分析题。要熟悉竞赛结构：题目数量、时长以及是否倒扣分。了解形式能减轻焦虑，并帮助你在实际竞赛中合理分配时间。
Look at past papers or sample questions from competitions like the Royal Society of Biology's Biology Challenge. Notice the style of questioning—often linking topics like cells, adaptations, and ecology in a single scenario.
查阅英国皇家生物学会 Biology Challenge 等竞赛的历年试题或样题。注意出题风格——经常将细胞、适应性、生态等话题融合在一个情景中考查。
2. Core Topics from Year 7 WJEC | Year 7 WJEC 核心主题
The WJEC Year 7 syllabus covers cells, life processes, classification, food chains, adaptations, and basic human biology. These map directly onto many competition syllabi. Master these fundamentals first, as they form the backbone of more complex questions.
WJEC Year 7 课程涵盖细胞、生命过程、分类、食物链、适应性及基础人体生物学。这些内容与国际竞赛大纲直接对标。优先掌握这些基础，因为它们是复杂问题的核心骨架。
Create a checklist of all WJEC topics and tick them off as you revise. Use the specification to ensure you haven't missed any key learning outcomes, such as describing the differences between plant and animal cells.
制作一份 WJEC 全部主题的清单，复习时逐项打勾。对照课纲查漏补缺，确保没有遗漏任何关键学习目标，比如描述动植物细胞的差异。
3. Cells – The Building Blocks | 细胞——生命的基石
Cells are the basic unit of life. In Year 7 you learn that animal cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and mitochondria, while plant cells additionally have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a permanent vacuole. Competitions may ask you to identify organelles from diagrams or compare them.
细胞是生命的基本单位。Year 7 学习中，你知道动物细胞有细胞核、细胞质、细胞膜和线粒体，而植物细胞还有细胞壁、叶绿体和中央大液泡。竞赛可能要求你根据示意图辨认细胞器或进行比较。
Understand the functions: nucleus controls activities, cytoplasm where reactions occur, cell membrane controls entry and exit, mitochondria release energy through respiration, chloroplasts absorb light for photosynthesis, cell wall provides support. Be able to link structure to function.
理解各结构的功能：细胞核控制生命活动，细胞质是反应发生的场所，细胞膜控制物质进出，线粒体通过呼吸作用释放能量，叶绿体吸收光能进行光合作用，细胞壁提供支撑。要能够将结构与功能联系起来。
4. Life Processes (MRS GREN) | 生命过程（MRS GREN）
MRS GREN stands for Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition. All living organisms carry out these seven processes. Competitions might ask you to identify which process is demonstrated by a specific example or to explain why viruses are not considered alive.
MRS GREN 代表运动、呼吸、感知、生长、繁殖、排泄和营养。所有生物体都进行这七种生命过程。竞赛可能要求你根据具体例子辨别对应过程，或解释病毒为何不被视为生物。
Movement in plants is less obvious—think of shoots growing towards light. Respiration is the release of energy from food, not just breathing. Be ready to distinguish between excretion (removal of metabolic waste) and egestion (removal of undigested food). These subtle distinctions often appear in multiple-choice traps.
植物的运动比较隐蔽——例如茎尖向光生长。呼吸是指从食物中释放能量，而不仅仅是喘气。注意区分排泄（排出代谢废物）与排遗（排出未消化的食物）。这些细微差别经常出现在选择题的陷阱中。
5. Classification and Biodiversity | 分类与生物多样性
Organisms are grouped into five kingdoms: Monera (bacteria), Protista (amoeba, algae), Fungi (mushrooms, yeast), Plantae (plants), and Animalia (animals). You should know the characteristics of each kingdom. Competitions may give you a description and ask which kingdom it belongs to.
生物被分为五界：原核生物界（细菌）、原生生物界（变形虫、藻类）、真菌界（蘑菇、酵母）、植物界和动物界。你需要掌握各界的特征。竞赛可能会给出一段描述，让你判断它属于哪一界。
Within the animal kingdom, vertebrates are divided into mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Know key features: mammals have hair and produce milk; birds have feathers and lay hard-shelled eggs; reptiles have dry scaly skin; amphibians have moist skin and a life cycle in water and on land; fish have gills and scales. Classification questions often test these groups.
在动物界中，脊椎动物分为哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类、两栖类和鱼类。掌握主要特征：哺乳类有毛发、哺乳；鸟类有羽毛、产硬壳卵；爬行类皮肤干燥有鳞片；两栖类皮肤湿润，幼体水生、成体可陆生；鱼类有鳃和鳞片。分类题常考这些类群。
6. Food Chains and Webs | 食物链与食物网
Food chains show the flow of energy from producers (plants) to primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers (carnivores), and decomposers. Arrows represent the direction of energy transfer. In competitions, you may be asked to construct a food web from data or predict the effect of removing a species.
食物链显示能量从生产者（植物）流向初级消费者（草食动物）、次级消费者（肉食动物）及分解者。箭头代表能量传递的方向。竞赛中可能要求你根据数据构建食物网，或预测移除某一物种带来的影响。
Key terms: producers make their own food by photosynthesis; consumers eat other organisms; decomposers break down dead material, returning nutrients to the soil. Understand that only about 10% of energy is passed to the next trophic level. Be able to interpret pyramids of numbers and biomass.
关键术语：生产者通过光合作用自制食物；消费者以其他生物为食；分解者分解死物，将养分归还土壤。要理解仅约10%的能量传递到下一营养级。能够解读数量金字塔和生物量金字塔。
7. Adaptations and Competition | 适应性与竞争
Adaptations are features that help organisms survive in their environment. They can be structural (e.g., thick fur for cold), behavioural (e.g., migration), or physiological (e.g., producing venom). Competition occurs when organisms need the
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