📚 Year 7 WJEC Biology: Vocabulary Terms Quick Guide | 七年级 WJEC 生物：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your vocabulary quick guide for Year 7 WJEC Biology. Mastering key terms is like collecting the tools you need to build a deep understanding of living things. This guide gives you each term with a clear definition and a memory trick to make it stick. Work through the sections, and soon you will speak the language of biology with confidence.
欢迎来到七年级 WJEC 生物词汇速记指南。掌握关键术语就像收集工具，能帮助你深入理解生命世界。本指南为每个术语提供清晰定义和记忆窍门，让它们牢牢印在脑海中。跟着章节走，很快你就能自信地使用生物学的语言了。
1. Basic Units of Life | 生命的基本单位
Cell – The smallest unit of life that can carry out all life processes. Think of it as a single building brick; many bricks make a house, many cells make an organism.
细胞 – 能够进行所有生命活动的最小生命单位。把它想象成一块建筑砖块；很多砖块建成房子，很多细胞组成生物体。
Tissue – A group of similar cells working together to do a specific job, such as muscle tissue contracting to move your arm. Memory idea: "Tissues are teams of cells with the same mission."
组织 – 一组相似的细胞协同工作，执行特定任务，比如肌肉组织收缩来移动你的手臂。记忆法："组织就是拥有共同任务的细胞团队。"
Organ – A structure made of different tissues that work together to perform a major function, like the heart pumping blood. Imagine an organ as an orchestra: different instruments (tissues) playing in harmony.
器官 – 由不同组织构成的结构，共同完成重要功能，比如心脏泵血。想象器官是一个管弦乐团：不同的乐器（组织）和谐地演奏。
Organ system – A group of organs that work together to carry out a broader life process, such as the digestive system breaking down food. Each organ is like a station in a factory assembly line.
器官系统 – 一组器官协同工作，执行更广泛的生命过程，比如消化系统分解食物。每个器官就像工厂流水线上的一个工作站。
Organism – An individual living thing that can function on its own, from a single-celled bacterium to a giant blue whale. You are an organism!
生物体 – 能独立运作的个体生物，从单细胞细菌到巨大的蓝鲸。你就是一个生物体！
2. Cell Structures | 细胞结构
Every cell contains tiny parts called organelles, each with a special job. Plant and animal cells share several organelles, but plants have a few unique extras.
每个细胞都含有微小的部分，称为细胞器，各有专职。植物和动物细胞共用几种细胞器，但植物细胞还有几个独特的成员。
Cell membrane – A thin, flexible layer around every cell that controls what enters and leaves. Think of it as a border control gate, only allowing certain substances through.
细胞膜 – 包围每个细胞的薄而柔韧的一层，控制物质的进出。把它想象成边境管控的大门，只允许特定物质通过。
Cytoplasm – A jelly-like substance that fills the cell, where most chemical reactions happen. It is the cell's factory floor, keeping all the machinery in place.
细胞质 – 充满细胞内部的胶状物质，大部分化学反应在此进行。它是细胞的工厂车间，让所有机器各就各位。
Nucleus – The control centre of the cell, containing the genetic material DNA. Just like a manager's office, the nucleus gives instructions for all cell activities.
细胞核 – 细胞的控制中心，含有遗传物质 DNA。就像经理办公室，细胞核发出所有细胞活动的指令。
Mitochondria – The powerhouses of the cell where aerobic respiration releases energy. Remember "mighty mitochondria" – they turn food into usable energy for the cell to do its work.
线粒体 – 细胞的能量工厂，有氧呼吸在此释放能量。记住 "强大的线粒体" – 它们把食物转化为细胞可用的能量。
Cell wall – A rigid outer layer found only in plant cells, made of cellulose. It gives the plant cell strength and helps it keep its shape. Think of it as a cardboard box protecting the contents inside.
细胞壁 – 仅存在于植物细胞的坚硬外层，由纤维素构成。它给予植物细胞强度并保持形状。想象成保护内部物品的纸板箱。
Chloroplast – A green organelle in plant cells that contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis. The green discs that capture sunlight and turn it into food.
叶绿体 – 植物细胞中的绿色细胞器，含有叶绿素，进行光合作用。这些绿色圆盘能捕获阳光并把它变成食物。
Vacuole – A large, fluid-filled sac in plant cells that stores water, nutrients and waste. Animal cells have smaller, temporary vacuoles. In plants, the vacuole pushes the cytoplasm against the cell wall to maintain firmness.
液泡 – 植物细胞中一个充满液体的大囊，储存水、养分和废物。动物细胞有较小的临时液泡。在植物中，液泡把细胞质推向细胞壁来保持坚挺。
3. Classification and Kingdoms | 分类与界
To make sense of the millions of species on Earth, scientists sort living things into groups. The largest groups are called kingdoms, and animals with a backbone are vertebrates.
为了理清地球上数百万物种，科学家将生物分成不同的类群。最大的类群称为界，有脊椎的动物属于脊椎动物。
Species – A group of similar organisms that can breed together and produce fertile offspring. For example, all domestic dogs belong to the same species, despite looking very different.
物种 – 能够共同繁殖并产生可育后代的一群相似生物。例如，所有家犬都属于同一物种，尽管它们看上去差别很大。
Kingdom – The broadest level of classification. Living things are divided into large groups such as the animal kingdom, plant kingdom, and fungi kingdom. Remember "Kingdoms are the biggest boxes for sorting life."
界 – 最宽泛的分类级别。生物被分为动物界、植物界、真菌界等大类群。记住："界是分类生命最大的箱子。"
Vertebrate – An animal with a backbone or spinal column. This group includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. "Vertebrates have a hard spine running down their back."
脊椎动物 – 有脊柱或脊梁骨的动物。这一类群包括哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类、两栖类和鱼类。"脊椎动物背上有一条硬脊椎。"
Invertebrate – An animal without a backbone. Invertebrates make up the vast majority of animal species, including insects, spiders, worms and jellyfish. Think "in-" means "without".
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 Biology Revision Series | aleveler.com
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