📚 Comprehensive Overview of Year 7 WJEC Biology Curriculum | Year 7 WJEC 生物：课程大纲全面解析
Welcome to the complete guide to Year 7 WJEC Biology. This article breaks down the entire curriculum into manageable topics, ensuring you understand the fundamental concepts of life sciences. Whether you are a student starting secondary school or a parent supporting your child, this resource covers everything from cells to ecosystems, aligned with the WJEC Key Stage 3 Science specification.
欢迎阅读 Year 7 WJEC 生物课程完全指南。本文将整个课程大纲拆解为易于掌握的主题，确保你理解生命科学的基本概念。无论你是刚入中学的学生，还是支持孩子的家长，这篇资料涵盖了从细胞到生态系统的全部内容，并与 WJEC 第三关键阶段科学规范保持一致。
1. What is Biology? The Study of Life | 什么是生物学？生命的研究
Biology is the branch of science that explores living organisms and their interactions with the environment. In Year 7, you begin by understanding what makes something alive, how organisms are structured, and how they survive and reproduce. WJEC places a strong emphasis on practical investigations and using evidence to draw conclusions.
生物学是探索生物体及其与环境相互作用的科学分支。在 7 年级，你首先要理解是什么让某物成为生物，生物体如何构造，以及它们如何生存和繁殖。WJEC 非常重视实践探究和运用证据得出结论。
2. The Seven Life Processes (MRS GREN) | 七大生命过程 (MRS GREN)
All living things carry out seven essential processes. The acronym MRS GREN helps you remember them: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, and Nutrition. For example, plants move by growing towards light, respire to release energy, and excrete waste oxygen during photosynthesis.
所有生物都进行七种必要的过程。缩写 MRS GREN 有助于记忆：运动、呼吸、感应、生长、繁殖、排泄和营养。例如，植物通过向光生长来运动，通过呼吸释放能量，并在光合作用中排泄废气氧气。
WJEC Year 7 often tests students on identifying these processes in unfamiliar organisms, such as bacteria or fungi, reinforcing that all life shares these characteristics.
WJEC 的 7 年级考试常让学生在不熟悉的生物（如细菌或真菌）中识别这些过程，强化所有生命都共有这些特征的观念。
3. Cells: Animal and Plant Cells | 细胞：动物和植物细胞
Cells are the basic unit of life. Using a light microscope, you will learn to identify the key structures: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and in plant cells, the cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large permanent vacuole.
细胞是生命的基本单位。通过使用光学显微镜，你将学习识别关键结构：细胞核、细胞质、细胞膜、线粒体，以及在植物细胞中的细胞壁、叶绿体和一个大的中央液泡。
You must be able to label diagrams of typical animal and plant cells and explain the function of each organelle. For instance, chloroplasts absorb light energy for photosynthesis, while the nucleus controls the cell's activities.
你必须能标注典型动物和植物细胞的示意图，并解释每个细胞器的功能。例如，叶绿体吸收光能用于光合作用，而细胞核控制细胞的活动。
| Feature | Animal Cell | Plant Cell |
|---|---|---|
| Cell wall | Absent | Present (made of cellulose) |
| Chloroplasts | Absent | Present |
| Vacuole | Small or none | Large, central |
| Shape | Irregular | Regular (often rectangular) |
In WJEC practicals, you may prepare slides of onion epidermis or cheek cells, using iodine or methylene blue as stains to observe these structures.
在 WJEC 的实践中，你可能会制作洋葱表皮或口腔上皮细胞的装片，用碘液或亚甲蓝染色来观察这些结构。
4. Levels of Organisation | 组织的层次
Cells group together to form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs work together in organ systems. For example, muscle cells form muscle tissue, which makes up the stomach (an organ), part of the digestive system.
细胞聚集形成组织，组织形成器官，器官协同工作构成器官系统。例如，肌细胞形成肌肉组织，后者构成胃（一个器官），是消化系统的一部分。
WJEC expects you to understand this hierarchy and apply it to both plants and animals. In plants, palisade mesophyll tissue contains chloroplast-rich cells for photosynthesis; leaves are organs of the shoot system.
WJEC 期望你理解这一层次结构，并将其应用于动植物。在植物中，栅栏叶肉组织含有富含叶绿体的细胞用于光合作用；叶是地上系统的器官。
5. The Human Skeleton and Muscles | 人体骨骼和肌肉
The skeletal system provides support, protection, and movement. Bones such as the skull, ribs, and vertebrae protect vital organs. Muscles work in antagonistic pairs (e.g., biceps and triceps) to move bones at joints.
骨骼系统提供支持、保护和运动。颅骨、肋骨和椎骨等骨骼保护重要器官。肌肉以拮抗对形式工作（如肱二头肌和肱三头肌）在关节处移动骨骼。
Joints are where bones meet; synovial joints contain lubricating fluid and cartilage to reduce friction. WJEC may ask you to label a diagram of a joint and explain how ligaments and tendons contribute.
关节是骨骼相接之处；滑膜关节含有润滑液和软骨以减少摩擦。WJEC 可能会要求你标出关节示意图，并解释韧带和肌腱如何发挥作用。
6. A Balanced Diet and Nutrients | 均衡饮食和营养素
A balanced diet must include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats), vitamins, minerals, fibre, and water. Each nutrient has a specific role: carbohydrates provide quick energy, proteins are for growth and repair, and vitamin C prevents scurvy.
均衡饮食必须包含碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类（脂肪）、维生素、矿物质、膳食纤维和水。每种营养素都有特定作用：碳水化合物提供快速能量，蛋白质用于生长和修复，维生素 C 预防坏血病。
WJEC often links diet to health. You should be able to use food tests: Benedict's solution for reducing sugars, iodine for starch, Biuret reagent for proteins, and ethanol emulsion for fats.
WJEC 常将饮食与健康联系起来。你应会使用食物测试：本尼迪克特试剂检测还原糖，碘液检测淀粉，双缩脲试剂检测蛋白质，乙醇乳液法检测脂肪。
| Nutrient | Function | Good Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | Energy | Pasta, rice, bread |
| Proteins | Growth and repair | Meat, fish, beans |
| Lipids (fats) | Energy store, insulation | Butter, oil, nuts |
| Vitamin C | Immune system, skin | Citrus fruits, peppers |
| Fibre | Digestive health | Whole grains, vegetables |
7. The Digestive System: Breaking Down Food | 消化系统：分解食物
Digestion breaks large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Organs include the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs like the liver and pancreas.
消化将大的不溶性分子分解为可吸收进入血液的小的可溶性分子。器官包括口腔、食道、胃、小肠、大肠，以及肝脏和胰腺等附属器官。
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up digestion. In Year 7, WJEC introduces amylase (breaks down starch into sugars), proteases (proteins into amino acids), and lipases (fats into fatty acids and glycerol). You may investigate the effect of temperature on amylase activity.
酶是加速消化的生物催化剂。在 7 年级，WJEC 介绍了淀粉酶（将淀粉分解为糖）、蛋白酶（将蛋白质分解为氨基酸）和脂肪酶（将脂肪分解为脂肪酸和甘油）。你可能会研究温度对淀粉酶活性的影响。
Absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine, where finger-like villi provide a large surface area. The large intestine absorbs water, leaving faeces to be egested.
吸收主要在小肠进行，指状的绒毛提供了巨大的表面积。大肠吸收水分，留下粪便排出。 Published by TutorHao | Year 7 Biology Revision Series | aleveler.com
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