Year 7 WJEC Physics: Key Terms Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 WJEC 物理：核心术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 WJEC Physics: Key Terms Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 WJEC 物理：核心术语速记指南

Mastering physics starts with a solid grasp of key terms. This guide provides quick memorisation tricks, mnemonics, and simple explanations for the essential vocabulary in Year 7 WJEC Physics. Use these tips to build confidence and recall accurately during lessons and exams.

掌握物理学始于对关键术语的牢固理解。本指南为Year 7 WJEC物理的核心词汇提供了快速记忆技巧、助记法和简单解释。使用这些技巧，在课堂和考试中建立信心，准确回忆。

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1. Forces and Motion | 力与运动

Force – A push or a pull, measured in newtons (N). Memory tip: 'Forces change motion – imagine giving a swing a push.'

力 – 推或拉，以牛顿(N)为单位。记忆窍门：“力改变运动——想象推动秋千。”

Friction – A force that opposes motion when two surfaces rub together. Quick recall: 'Friction fights sliding – think of tyres gripping the road.'

摩擦力 – 两个表面相互摩擦时阻碍运动的力。快速记忆：“摩擦对抗滑动——想象轮胎抓住路面。”

Gravity – The force of attraction between masses; on Earth it pulls objects downward. Mnemonics: 'Gravity grabs – everything falls towards Earth’s centre.'

重力 – 有质量物体之间的吸引力；在地球上把物体向下拉。助记法：“重力抓住——万物落向地心。”

Weight – n an object’s mass, measured in newtons. Weight = mass x gravitational field strength (g). Tip: 'Weight depends on gravity; mass is the amount of stuff.'

重量 – 作用在物体质量上的重力，单位牛顿。重量 = 质量 x 重力场强度(g)。提示：“重量取决于重力；质量是物体所含物质的多少。”

W = m × g

重量 = 质量 × 重力场强度

Mass – The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg). Stays constant everywhere. Memory: 'Mass is the 'stuff', never changing.'

质量 – 物体所含物质的多少，单位千克(kg)。在任何地方保持不变。记忆：“质量是‘东西’，始终不变。”

Balanced forces – Equal and opposite forces; result in no change in motion. Recall: 'Balanced means steady – no speed change.'

平衡力 – 大小相等方向相反的力；不改变运动状态。记忆：“平衡意味着稳定——速度不变。”

Unbalanced forces – Forces that are not equal, causing acceleration or deceleration. Think: 'Unbalanced kicks in – motion wins!'

非平衡力 – 不相等的力，引起加速或减速。想一想：“非平衡发力——运动改变！”

Speed – How fast something moves; speed = distance / time. Memory tip: 'Speed is the rate – more distance in less time.'

速度 – 物体运动的快慢；速度 = 距离/时间。记忆窍门：“速度是速率——时间少距离大。”

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2. Energy Stores and Transfers | 能量储存与转移

Energy – The ability to do work; measured in joules (J). Key idea: 'Energy makes things happen – moving, heating, lighting.'

能量 – 做功的能力；单位焦耳(J)。核心概念：“能量让事情发生——运动、加热、发光。”

Kinetic energy – Energy of motion. The faster and heavier, the more kinetic energy. Memory: 'Kinetic = moving, like a running cheetah.'

动能 – 运动的能量。速度越快、质量越大，动能越大。记忆：“动能是运动能，像奔跑的猎豹。”

Gravitational potential energy (GPE) – Energy stored due to height. Higher object = more GPE. Think: 'Up high = energy ready to fall.'

重力势能 – 因高度而储存的能量。位置越高，重力势能越大。想一想：“高高在上 = 蓄势待发的能量。”

Elastic potential energy – Energy stored in stretched or squashed objects. Recall: 'Springs and rubber bands store elastic energy.'

弹性势能 – 拉伸或压缩的物体中储存的能量。记忆：“弹簧和橡皮筋储存弹性势能。”

Chemical energy – Energy stored in fuels, food, and batteries. Released by reactions. Tip: 'Food and batteries are chemical energy packs.'

化学能 – 储存在燃料、食物和电池中的能量，通过化学反应释放。提示：“食物和电池是化学能包。”

Thermal energy – Energy due to temperature; heat energy. Memory: 'Hot things have high thermal energy – the particles jiggle more.'

热能 – 由于温度而具有的能量；热量。记忆：“热的物体热能高——粒子晃动更剧烈。”

Energy transfer – Movement of energy from one store to another. Can happen by heating, waves, electricity, or forces. Recall: 'Energy flows, never disappears.'

能量转移 – 能量从一个储存库到另一个储存库的移动。可通过加热、波、电或力实现。记忆：“能量流动，永不消失。”

Conservation of energy – Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. Mnemonics: 'Total energy stays the same – just changes form.'

能量守恒 – 能量不能被创造或毁灭，只能转移。助记法：“总能量保持不变——只是形式变了。”

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3. Electricity and Circuits | 电与电路

Current – The flow of electric charge; measured in amperes (A). Analogy: 'Current is like the flow of water in a pipe – count the charges passing.'

电流 – 电荷的流动；单位安培(A)。类比：“电流像水管中的水流——数一数通过的电荷。”

Voltage – The push that drives current around a circuit; measured in volts (V). Tip: 'Voltage is the electrical pressure – more volts, bigger push.'

电压 – 推动电流在电路中流动的“推力”；单位伏特(V)。提示：“电压是电压力——伏特越大，推力越强。”

Resistance – How much a component slows down current; measured in ohms (Ω). Memory: 'Resistance resists – high ohms mean less flow.'

电阻 – 元件阻碍电流的程度；单位欧姆(Ω)。记忆：“电阻阻碍——欧姆大，电流小。”

Circuit – A complete loop of conductive material for current to flow. Recall: 'A circuit must be closed for the lights to turn on.'

电路 – 电流流动的完整导电回路。记忆：“电路必须闭合，灯才会亮。”

Series circuit – Components connected in a single loop; current is the same everywhere. Tip: 'One after another – if one bulb fails, all go out.'

串联电路 – 元件连接在单个回路中；各处电流相等。提示：“一个接一个——一个灯泡坏，全部熄灭。”

Parallel circuit – Components in separate branches; voltage is the same across each branch. Think: 'Many paths – if one branch breaks, others stay lit.'

并联电路 – 元件在独立支路中；每条支路电压相同。想一想：“多条路径——一条支路断，其余仍亮。”

Conductor – Material that lets current flow easily (e.g. copper). Memory: 'Conductors carry – metals do it best.'

导体 – 允许电流轻易通过的材料（例如铜）。记忆：“导体传导——金属最擅长。”

Insulator – Material that blocks current (e.g. plastic). Opposite tip: 'Insulators isolate – plastic coats wires for safety.'

绝缘体 – 阻碍电流的材料（例如塑料）。反义提示：“绝缘体隔绝——塑料包裹电线保安全。”

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4. Particle Model and States of Matter | 粒子模型与物质状态

Particle model – A way to describe matter as tiny moving particles. Explains solids, liquids, and gases. Core idea: 'Everything is particles – the arrangement decides the state.'

粒子模型 – 把物质描述为微小的运动粒子，解释固、液、气状态。核心思想：“万物皆粒子——排列方式决定状态。”

Solid – Fixed shape and volume; particles vibrate in fixed positions. Memory: 'Solid stays strong – particles locked tight.'

固体 – 形状和体积固定；粒子在固定位置振动。记忆：“固体坚强——粒子紧紧锁住。”

Liquid – Fixed volume but takes the shape of its container; particles slide past each other. Recall: 'Liquid flows free – particles slip and slide.'

液体 – 体积固定但取容器形状；粒子相互滑过。记忆：“液体流动自如——粒子滑行。”

Gas – No fixed shape or volume; particles move fast and are far apart. Think: 'Gas expands everywhere – particles zoom around.'

气体 – 无固定形状或体积；粒子运动快且间隔远。想一想：“气体到处膨胀——粒子四处飞驰。”

Diffusion – Spreading of particles from high concentration to low concentration. Example: 'Perfume scent travels across a room by diffusion.'

扩散 – 粒子从高浓度区域向低浓度区域扩散。例子：“香水气味通过扩散在房间传开。”

Gas pressure – Caused by particles colliding with container walls. More collisions = higher pressure. Visual: 'Invisible balls hitting walls – that’s gas pressure.'

气体压强 – 由粒子撞击容器壁造成。碰撞越多，压强越大。图像记忆：“看不见的球撞击墙壁——那就是气体压强。”

Melting – Solid to liquid; particles gain energy and break free from fixed positions.

熔化 – 固态变液态；粒子获得能量脱离固定位置。

Boiling / Evaporating – Liquid to gas at the surface (evaporation) or throughout (boiling). Particles escape the liquid.

沸腾/蒸发 – 液体表面（蒸发）或内部（沸腾）变为气体，粒子逸出液体。

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5. Sound Waves | 声波

Sound wave – A vibration that travels through a material (medium). Cannot travel through a vacuum. Key: 'Sound needs particles to bump along – no air, no sound.'

声波 – 通过物质（介质）传播的振动。不能在真空中传播。关键点：“声音需要粒子传递——没有空气就没有声音。”

Vibration – Fast back-and-forth movement. All sounds start with a vibration. Memory: 'If it vibrates, it can create sound – pluck a ruler.'

振动 – 快速的来回运动。所有声音始于振动。记忆：“有振动就可能产生声音——弹一下尺子。”

Frequency – Number of vibrations per second; measured in hertz (Hz). Determines pitch. Recall: 'High frequency = high pitch, like a mouse squeak.'

频率 – 每秒振动次数；单位赫兹(Hz)。决定音调高低。记忆：“高频率 = 高音调，如老鼠吱吱声。”

Pitch – How high or low a sound seems. High frequency gives high pitch. Think: 'Tight strings sing high – loose strings hum low.'

音调 – 声音听起来的高低程度。高频率产生高音调。想一想：“紧的弦音高，松的弦音低。”

Amplitude – The size of the vibration; linked to loudness. Bigger amplitude = louder sound. Visual: 'Tall waves on an oscilloscope mean loud sounds.'

振幅 – 振动的幅度；与响度相关。振幅越大，声音越响。图像记忆：“示波器上波峰越高，声音越响。”

Loudness / Volume – How loud a sound is; measured in decibels (dB). Tip: 'Shout = big amplitude, whisper = small.'

响度/音量 – 声音的强弱；单位分贝(dB)。提示：“大喊 = 振幅大，低语 = 振幅小。”

Echo – Reflection of sound that arrives later than the direct sound. Memory: 'Echo says back what you said – off a hard, flat surface.'

回声 – 经反射后迟于直达声到达的声音。记忆：“回声把你说的送回来——靠硬而平的表面。”

Medium – The substance through which a wave travels (solid, liquid, or gas). Recall: 'Sound loves solids – they carry vibrations fastest.'

介质 – 波传播所经过的物质（固体、液体或气体）。记忆：“声音最爱固体——固体传振最快。”

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6. Light and Optics | 光与光学

Light ray – A line representing the path of light; travels in straight lines. Memory: 'Ray arrows show where light goes – straight unless something bends it.'

光线 – 表示光路径的直线；光沿直线传播。记忆：“光线箭头显示光走向——直行，除非有东西弯曲它。”

Reflection – Bouncing off a surface. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection. Tip: 'Mirror image – light comes and goes like a perfect bounce.'

反射 – 光从表面弹回。入射角等于反射角。提示：“镜像——光来去如完美弹跳。”

Refraction – Bending of light as it passes into a different material. Visual: 'Straw in water looks broken – light bends at the boundary.'

折射 – 光进入不同材料时发生弯折。图像记忆：“水中吸管看似折断——光在界面弯折。”

Incident ray / Reflected ray – Incoming ray and outgoing ray after reflection. Recall: 'Incident hits, reflected bounces.'

入射光线/反射光线 – 到达表面的光线和反射后的光线。记忆：“入射线撞击，反射线弹开。”

Plane mirror – Flat mirror producing upright, same-size virtual image. Think: 'Your bathroom mirror – left and right swap.'

平面镜 – 产生正立等大虚像的平镜。想一想：“浴室镜子——左右互换。”

Lens – A curved piece of glass/plastic that refracts light

Published by TutorHao | Year 7 Physics Revision Series | aleveler.com

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