📚 Year 7 WJEC Physics: A Comprehensive Syllabus Overview | Year 7 WJEC 物理：课程大纲全面解析
Year 7 WJEC Physics introduces key scientific concepts that build a strong foundation for later studies. The syllabus covers forces, energy, electricity, waves, the particle model and space, alongside essential practical skills. This guide breaks down each topic to help you understand what you will learn and how to succeed.
七年级 WJEC 物理课程介绍关键的科学概念，为后续学习打下坚实基础。教学大纲涵盖力、能量、电、波、粒子模型和太空，同时培养重要的实验技能。本指南分解每个主题，帮助你了解学习内容并掌握成功方法。
1. Forces and Motion | 力与运动
Forces are pushes or pulls that can change an object's speed, direction or shape. They are measured in newtons (N). Contact forces need objects to touch, while non-contact forces such as gravity, magnetism and static electricity act over a distance.
力是能改变物体速度、方向或形状的推或拉。力的单位是牛顿（N）。接触力需要物体相互接触，而非接触力如重力、磁力和静电可以隔空作用。
Speed tells us how fast an object moves. The equation is:
速度表示物体运动有多快。计算公式为：
speed = distance ÷ time
速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间
Common units are metres per second (m/s) and kilometres per hour (km/h). A distance-time graph shows motion clearly: a straight sloping line means steady speed, and a flat horizontal line means the object is still.
常用单位是米每秒（m/s）和千米每小时（km/h）。距离-时间图能清晰展示运动：倾斜直线表示匀速，水平线表示物体静止。
2. Energy Stores and Transfers | 能量储存与转移
Energy is stored in different ways: kinetic (moving objects), thermal (hot objects), chemical (fuels, food, batteries), gravitational potential (objects raised high), elastic potential (stretched or squashed springs), and nuclear (inside atoms).
能量可以多种方式储存：动能（运动的物体）、热能（高温物体）、化学能（燃料、食物、电池）、重力势能（高处的物体）、弹性势能（拉伸或压缩的弹簧）和核能（原子核内）。
Energy can be transferred between stores by heating, by waves (light and sound), by electric currents, or by forces doing work. A very important principle is that energy is never created or destroyed, only transferred – this is the law of conservation of energy.
能量可以通过加热、波（光和声）、电流或力做功在储存库之间转移。一条非常重要的原理是能量既不会创生也不会消灭，只会转移 —— 这就是能量守恒定律。
Work is done when a force moves an object. The equation is:
力使物体移动时就做了功。公式为：
work done = force × distance
做功 = 力 × 距离
Work done is measured in joules (J) when force is in newtons (N) and distance in metres (m).
当力以牛顿（N）为单位、距离以米（m）为单位时，功的单位是焦耳（J）。
3. Electricity and Circuits | 电与电路
An electric current is a flow of electric charge, usually electrons moving through wires. Current is measured in amperes (amps, A) using an ammeter. For a current to flow, you need a complete circuit with a power supply, such as a battery.
电流是电荷的流动，通常是电子在导线中移动。电流的单位是安培（安，A），用电流表测量。要使电流动，需要一个包含电源（如电池）的完整回路。
Voltage (potential difference) is the 'push' that drives current around a circuit and is measured in volts (V) with a voltmeter. Resistance is how difficult it is for current to flow and is measured in ohms (Ω).
电压（电势差）是推动电流在电路中流动的“推力”，单位是伏特（V），用电压表测量。电阻是阻碍电流流动的大小，单位是欧姆（Ω）。
Circuit symbols are used to draw clear diagrams. Key symbols include a cell, battery, bulb, switch, ammeter and voltmeter. Always draw straight lines for wires and avoid crossing lines where possible.
电路符号用于绘制清晰的电路图。常见符号包括电池、电池组、灯泡、开关、电流表和电压表。导线要画成直线，尽量避免线条交叉。
4. Waves: Sound and Light | 波：声音与光
Sound is produced by vibrations and travels as longitudinal waves. It needs a medium to travel through – it cannot travel through a vacuum. The speed of sound in air is about 340 m/s.
声音由振动产生，并以纵波的形式传播。声音需要介质传播 —— 不能在真空中传播。声音在空气中的速度约为 340 m/s。
Light travels as transverse waves and can move through a vacuum at an extremely high speed – 300 000 000 m/s. Light travels in straight lines, which explains the formation of shadows and how we see objects.
光以横波形式传播，可以在真空中以极高的速度 —— 300 000 000 m/s 传播。光沿直线传播，这解释了影子的形成和我们如何看见物体。
le of reflection. A plane mirror produces a virtual, upright and laterally inverted image.
反射是光从表面反弹的现象。反射定律指出：入射角 = 反射角。平面镜产生虚像、正立且左右颠倒的像。
5. Particle Model of Matter | 物质粒子模型
All substances are made of tiny particles. The particle model explains the three states of matter: solids have fixed shape and volume with particles tightly packed in a regular pattern; liquids have fixed volume but take the shape of their container, with particles close but able to move past each other; gases have no fixed shape or volume, with particles far apart and moving randomly at high speed.
所有物质都由微小粒子组成。粒子模型解释物质三态：固体有固定形状和体积，粒子紧密排列成规则结构；液体有固定体积但形状随容器改变，粒子紧密但能相互滑过；气体没有固定形状和体积，粒子相距很远并高速随机运动。
Changes of state are physical changes: melting, freezing, boiling, condensation and sublimation. Mass is conserved during a change of state because the number of particles does not change.
状态变化是物理变化：熔化、凝固、沸腾、凝华和升华。状态变化过程中质量守恒，因为粒子数量不变。
6. The Solar System and Space | 太阳系与太空
Our Solar System consists of the Sun, eight planets and their moons, plus dwarf planets, asteroids and comets. The order of planets from the Sun is: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
我们的太阳系由太阳、八大行星及其卫星，加上矮行星、小行星和彗星组成。从太阳向外行星顺序是：水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星。
The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, causing day and night. It orbits the Sun once every 365.25 days, causing the seasons. The Moon orbits the Earth about once every 28 days, showing different phases.
地球每 24 小时自转一周，形成昼夜。它每 365.25 天绕太阳公转一周，形成四季。月球约每 28 天绕地球一周，呈现不同的月相。
7. Practical Skills and Investigations | 实验技能与探究
In Year 7 Physics, you will carry out experiments to explore forces, electricity, waves and more. Good practical work starts with identifying independent, dependent and control variables. The independent variable is what you change, the dependent variable is what you measure, and control variables are kept the same to make the test fair.
七年级物理中，你将进行实验探究力、电、波等。良好的实验工作从确定自变量、因变量和控制变量开始。自变量是你改变的量，因变量是你测量的量，控制变量要保持不变以确保实验公平。
Record results neatly in tables, repeat measurements to check reliability, and plot graphs where appropriate. Always follow safety rules: tie back long hair, wear goggles when needed and never touch hot apparatus.
将结果整洁地记录在表格中，重复测量以确保可靠性，并适时绘制图表。始终遵守安全规则：扎好长发、必要时佩戴护目镜、切勿触摸发热仪器。
8. Forces in Action: Levers and Moments | 力的作用：杠杆与力矩
Forces can make objects turn around a pivot. A moment is the turning effect of a force and is calculated using:
力可以使物体绕支点转动。力矩是力的转动效应，计算公式为：
moment = force × perpendicular distance from pivot
力矩 = 力 × 到支点的垂直距离
Levers are simple machines that use moments to make jobs easier. For example, a seesaw is balanced when the clockwise moments equal the anticlockwise moments.
杠杆是应用力矩使工作更省力的简单机械。例如，当顺时针力矩等于逆时针力矩时，跷跷板平衡。
9. Energy in the Home and Environment | 家庭与环境中的能量
We transfer energy in homes through electricity and gas. Electrical appliances transfer energy into useful forms: a lamp changes electrical energy into light (and wasted thermal); a kettle changes electrical energy into thermal energy to heat water.
我们通过电和燃气在家中使用能量。电器将能量转化为有用的形式：灯泡将电能转化为光（并浪费热能）；水壶将电能转化为热能来加热水。
Renewable energy resources, such as solar, wind and tidal, are replenished quickly and produce less pollution. Non-renewable resources, including coal, oil and natural gas, will eventually run out and release carbon dioxide when burned.
可再生能源，如太阳能、风能和潮汐能，补充速度快且污染较小。不可再生资源，包括煤、石油和天然气，最终会耗尽，燃烧时释放二氧化碳。
10. Preparing for Assessments | 备考指导
To revise effectively, make summary notes for each topic, including key equations and definitions. Practise past paper questions and use flashcards for circuit symbols, energy stores and units. Explain concepts out loud to check your understanding.
高效复习要制作每个主题的摘要笔记，包括关键公式和定义。练习历年试题，用抽认卡记忆电路符号、能量储存和单位。大声解释概念以检验你的理解。
During tests, read questions carefully, underline command words like 'describe' or 'calculate', and always show your working in calculation questions. Include units in your final answer. Manage your time so you can attempt every question.
考试时，仔细读题，在“描述”或“计算”等指令词下画线，计算题一定要展示步骤。在最终答案中写上单位。合理分配时间，确保能回答每道题。
Published by TutorHao | Physics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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