📚 Year 7 WJEC Maths: Vocabulary Terms Quick Memory Guide | Year 7 WJEC 数学：词汇术语速记指南
For Year 7 students following the WJEC curriculum, building a strong mathematical vocabulary is the first step toward mastering key concepts. This guide gives clear definitions and clever memory tricks for the essential terms you will encounter in tests and lessons.
对于学习 WJEC 课程的七年级学生来说，建立扎实的数学词汇是掌握关键概念的第一步。本指南为你将在考试和课堂上遇到的关键术语提供了清晰的定义和巧妙的记忆技巧。
1. Number Types and Place Value | 数字类型与位值
Integer: a whole number that can be positive, negative or zero, with no fractional part. Examples: -4, 0, 13.
整数：可以是正数、负数或零的完整数字，没有小数部分。例如 -4、0、13。
Place value tells you the value of a digit based on its position. In 2 507, the digit 5 stands for 500 because it is in the hundreds column.
位值告诉你一个数字根据其位置所具有的值。在 2 507 中，数字 5 代表 500，因为它在百位上。
Factor: a number that divides exactly into another number. The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12. Trick: think of pairs that multiply to make the number.
因数：能整除另一个数的数。12 的因数有 1、2、3、4、6 和 12。技巧：想相乘得到该数的数对。
Multiple: the result of multiplying a number by an integer. The first five multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15. Remember 'multiple' sounds like 'multiply'.
倍数：一个数与整数相乘的结果。3 的前五个倍数是 3、6、9、12、15。记住 'multiple' 听起来像 'multiply'。
Prime number: an integer greater than 1 that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 are primes. Note: 1 is not prime.
素数（质数）：大于 1 且只有两个因数（1 和自身）的整数。2、3、5、7、11 都是素数。注意：1 不是素数。
Square number ger by itself. 1² = 1, 4² = 16, 5² = 25. The notation uses a small raised 2: e.g. 6² = 36.
平方数：一个整数乘以自身的结果。1² = 1，4² = 16，5² = 25。写法使用上标 2：例如 6² = 36。
Cube number ultiplying an integer by itself twice more. 2³ = 8, 3³ = 27. The small 3 is a superscript.
立方数：一个整数乘自身两次的结果。2³ = 8，3³ = 27。小 3 是上标。
2. Operations and Order of Operations | 运算与运算顺序
Sum: the result of adding. The sum of 9 and 17 is 26. Difference: the result of subtracting. The difference between 20 and 6 is 14. Product: the result of multiplying. The product of 4 and 5 is 20. Quotient: the result of dividing. The quotient when 15 ÷ 3 is 5.
和：加法运算的结果。9 与 17 的和是 26。差：减法运算的结果。20 与 6 的差是 14。积：乘法运算的结果。4 与 5 的积是 20。商：除法运算的结果。15 ÷ 3 的商是 5。
BIDMAS (or BODMAS) tells you the order to do operations: Brackets, Indices (powers), Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction. Division and multiplication have equal priority – work left to right. Same for addition and subtraction.
BIDMAS（或 BODMAS）告诉你运算的顺序：括号、指数（幂）、除法、乘法、加法、减法。除法和乘法优先级相同——从左到右计算。加法和减法也是如此。
Inverse operations undo each other: addition and subtraction are inverses; multiplication and division are inverses. You can use them to check your calculations.
逆运算相互抵消：加法和减法互为逆运算；乘法和除法互为逆运算。你可以用逆运算来检查计算。
Divisible: a number is divisible by another if it divides with no remainder. For example, 72 is divisible by 8.
可整除：如果一个数除以另一个数没有余数，则称可整除。例如，72 可被 8 整除。
3. Fractions | 分数
Numerator: the top number of a fraction. In ¾, the numerator is 3. Denominator: the bottom number, showing how many equal parts the whole is divided into. In ⅝, the denominator is 8.
分子：分数中上面的数。在 ¾ 中，分子是 3。分母：分数中下面的数，表示整体被分成多少等份。在 ⅝ 中，分母是 8。
Unit fraction: a fraction where the numerator is 1, e.g. ½, ⅓, ¼.
单位分数：分子为 1 的分数，例如 ½、⅓、¼。
Equivalent fractions You find them by multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator by the same number.
等值分数：数值相同但形式不同的分数。½ = 2/4 = 3/6。你可以通过将分子分母乘以或除以相同的数得到等值分数。
Simplify (or reduce) a fraction: divide the numerator and denominator by their highest common factor (HCF). 8/12 simplifies to 2/3 (divide top and bottom by 4).
化简分数：将分子分母除以它们的最大公因数 (HCF)。8/12 化简为 2/3（分子分母同除以 4）。
Improper fraction: the numerator is larger than the denominator, e.g. 7/4. Mixed number 2 ⅓. To convert 7/4 to a mixed number, see how many wholes: 7 ÷ 4 = 1 remainder 3, so 1 ¾.
假分数：分子大于分母，例如 7/4。带分数：一个整数和一个分数，如 2 ⅓。将 7/4 转换为带分数，看有多少个整体：7 ÷ 4 = 1 余 3，所以是 1 ¾。
4. Decimals | 小数
Decimal: a number that contains a decimal point separating whole and fractional parts. 0.7 means 7 tenths.
小数：含有小数点的数，小数点分隔整数部分和小数部分。0.7 表示十分之七。
Decimal place (d.p.): each position after the decimal point. The first decimal place is tenths, second is hundredths. In 3.56, the digit 5 is in the tenths place and 6 is in the hundredths place.
小数位数 (d.p.)：小数点后的每一位。第一位是十分位，第二位是百分位。在 3.56 中，数字 5 在十分位，6 在百分位。
Rounding: making a number simpler but keeping it close to the original value. To round 7.825 to 2 decimal places, look at the third decimal digit: 5 or more? Yes, so round up: 7.83.
四舍五入：使数字更简单但仍接近原值。将 7.825 四舍五入到两位小数，看第三位小数：是 5 或更大吗？是，则进位：7.83。
Decimal fraction . Quick trick: the number of digits after the decimal point gives the power of 10 for the denominator.
十进分数：分母为 10、100、1000 等的分数。0.3 = 3/10，0.07 = 7/100。快捷技巧：小数点后的数字位数决定分母中 10 的幂。
5. Percentages | 百分数
Percent means 'out of 100'. The symbol % represents percent. 45% = 45/100.
百分数意为“每一百”。符号 % 表示百分数。45% = 45/100。
Convert percentage to fraction: write the percentage over 100 and then simplify. 25% = 25/100 = 1/4.
将百分数转换为分数：把百分数写成分子除以 100 的形式，然后化简。25% = 25/100 = 1/4。
Convert percentage to decimal: divide by 100 (move decimal point two places left). 7% = 0.07, 130% = 1.3.
将百分数转换为小数：除以 100（将小数点向左移两位）。7% = 0.07，130% = 1.3。
Find a percentage of a quantity: turn the percentage into a decimal or fraction and multiply. To find 20% of £45, calculate 0.20 × 45 = £9. Memory aid: 'percent of' means 'percentage ÷ 100 times'.
求一个数量的百分数：将百分数转换为小数或分数，然后相乘。求 £45 的 20%，计算 0.20 × 45 = £9。记忆助手：“percent of” 意味着“百分数除以 100 乘以”。
6. Algebra Basics | 代数基础
Variable: a symbol, usually a letter, that stands for an unknown or changing number. In the expression 3x + 5, x is the variable.
变量：一个符号，通常是一个字母，代表未知或可变的数。在表达式 3x + 5 中，x 是变量。
Expression: a combination of numbers, variables and operations without an equals sign. For example, 4a + 3b is an expression.
表达式：数字、变量和运算的组合，没有等号。例如 4a + 3b 是一个表达式。
Equation ontaining an equals sign. 2y + 1 = 19 is an equation. You solve it to find the value of y.
方程：一个表示两个表达式相等的数学陈述，包含等号。2y + 1 = 19 是一个方程。解方程就是求出 y 的值。
Term: a single number, variable, or the product of numbers and variables. In 5x² + 2x – 7, there are three terms: 5x², 2x and –7.
项：一个单独的数、变量或数与变量的乘积。在 5x² + 2x – 7 中，有三项：5x²、2x 和 –7。
Like terms e like terms; 3x and 3x² are not. You can simplify by combining like terms: 3x + 7x = 10x.
同类项：含有完全相同变量且变量指数也相同的项。3x 和 7x 是同类项；3x 和 3x² 不是。合并同类项可以化简：3x + 7x = 10x。
Simplify: make an expression shorter by collecting like terms and performing operations. 2p + 3 – p + 4 simplifies to p + 7. Remember: treat the sign before a term as part of the term.
化简：通过合并同类项和进行运算来缩短表达式。2p + 3 – p + 4 化简为 p + 7。记住：项前面的符号是该项的一部分。
7. Geometry: Shapes, Angles and Symmetry | 几何：形状、角度与对称
Polygon: a closed flat shape with straight sides. The number of sides gives the prefix: pentagon (5), hexagon (6), heptagon (7), octagon (8), nonagon (9), decagon (10).
多边形：由直线段围成的封闭平面形状。边数决定前缀：五边形（5）、六边形（6）、七边形（7）、八边形（8）、九边形（9）、十边形（10）。
Triangle types: equilateral (all sides and angles equal, 60° each), isosceles (two equal sides and two equal angles), scalene (all sides and angles different).
三角形类型：等边三角形（所有边和角相等，每个角 60°），等腰三角形（两条边和两个角相等），不等边三角形（所有边和角都不相等）。
Quadrilateral: a four-sided polygon. Key types: square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus, trapezium. A trapezium has at least one pair of parallel sides in the UK definition.
四边形：有四条边的多边形。常见类型：正方形、矩形、平行四边形、菱形、梯形。在英国定义中，梯形至少有一组对边平行。
Parallel lines: lines that are always the same distance apart and never meet. Perpendicular lines: lines that meet at a right angle (90°).
平行线：总是保持相同距离、永不相交的直线。垂直线：相交成直角（90°）的直线。
Angles are measured in degrees (°). Acute: less than 90°. Right angle: exactly 90°. Obtuse: between 90° and 180°. Reflex: between 180° and 360°.
角以度（°）为单位测量。锐角：小于 90°。直角：恰好 90°。钝角：介于 90° 和 180° 之间。反角（优角）：介于 180° 和 360° 之间。
Line symmetry: a shape has line symmetry if you can fold it along a line so that the two halves match exactly. The folded line is called the line of symmetry.
线对称：如果一个形状可以沿着一条线对折，两部分完全重合，则具有线对称。这条折线叫做对称轴。
8. Perimeter, Area and Measures | 周长、面积与测量
Perimeter tangle length l and width w: P = 2 × (l + w), or add all sides. Measured in mm, cm, m, km.
周长：围绕形状外边界的总距离。对于长 l、宽 w 的矩形：P = 2 × (l + w)，或所有边长相加。单位是 mm、cm、m、km。
Area = length × width. Units are squared: cm², m². For a triangle: Area = (base × height) ÷ 2.
面积：平面形状内部的区域大小。矩形：面积 = 长 × 宽。单位是平方：cm²、m²。三角形：面积 = (底 × 高) ÷ 2。
Metric units 1 kg, 1000 kg = 1 tonne); capacity (1000 ml = 1 litre, 1 cm³ = 1 ml). Learn the prefixes: ‘kilo-’ means thousand, ‘centi-’ means hundredth, ‘milli-’ means thousandth.
公制单位：长度（10 mm = 1 cm，100 cm = 1 m，1000 m = 1 km）；质量（1000 g = 1 kg，1000 kg = 1 吨）；容量（1000 ml = 1 升，1 cm³ = 1 ml）。学习前缀：“kilo-” 表示千，“centi-” 表示百分之一，“milli-” 表示千分之一。
Time utes = 1 hour, 24 hours = 1 day. You often need to add or subtract times in word problems.
时间转换：60 秒 = 1 分钟，60 分钟 = 1 小时，24 小时 = 1 天。应用题中常需要加减时间。
9. Data Handling and Statistics | 数据处理与统计
Data: a collection of facts or numbers. Tally chart: a table using tally marks (|||| with the fifth striking through) to count frequency.
数据：事实或数字的集合。计数表：使用计数符号（|||| 第五个画斜线穿过）来计算频数的表格。
Frequency: how many times something occurs. Mode: the value that appears most often. In the set 3, 5, 5, 7, 5, 9 the mode is 5.
频数：某事物出现的次数。众数：出现次数最多的数值。在数据集 3, 5, 5, 7, 5, 9 中，众数是 5。
Mean e by : the average. Add all values and divide by how many there are. For 4, 8, 10: sum = 22, count = 3, mean = 22 ÷ 3 ≈ 7.33. Remember 'mean is mean because you have to do the adding and dividing'.
平均数（均值）：将所有数值相加，再除以个数。对于 4, 8, 10：总和 = 22，个数 = 3，平均值 = 22 ÷ 3 ≈ 7.33。记住“mean 很'mean'，因为你需要加来除去”。
Median: the middle value when numbers are arranged in order. For 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, the median is 7. If two middle numbers, take their average.
中位数：将数字按顺序排列后中间的那个值。对于 1, 3, 7, 9, 11，中位数是 7。如果有两个中间数，取它们的平均值。
Range: the difference between the largest and smallest values. For 2, 4, 9, 15: range = 15 – 2 = 13. It tells you how spread out the data is.
极差（范围）：最大值与最小值之间的差值。对于 2, 4, 9, 15：极差 = 15 – 2 = 13。它告诉你数据的分散程度。
Pictogram: a chart using pictures to represent data, with a key to show what one picture stands for. Bar chart: uses bars of equal width with heights showing frequency. Pie chart: a circle divided into sectors to show proportions.
象形统计图：用图片表示数据的图表，配有一个图例说明每张图片代表多少。条形图：用等宽的长条，高度表示频数。饼图：将一个圆分成扇形来表示各部分的占比。
10. Coordinates and Probability | 坐标与概率
Coordinate grid: a plane with two perpendicular number lines called axes (x-axis horizontal, y-axis vertical). The origin is the point (0,0) where they intersect.
坐标网格：带有两条互相垂直的数轴（x 轴水平，y 轴垂直）的平面。原点是它们相交的点 (0,0)。
Coordinates are written as an ordered pair (x, y). The x-coordinate comes first and tells you how far to move horizontally; the y-coordinate second tells vertical movement. 'Along the corridor, then up the stairs' helps remember the order.
坐标写作有序数对 (x, y)。x 坐标在前面，告诉你水平移动多远；y 坐标在后面，告诉你垂直移动。“先沿着走廊走，再爬楼梯”帮助记忆顺序。
Quadrants: the axes divide the grid into four regions. (3,2) is in the first quadrant where both coordinates are positive. In Year 7 you mostly work in the first quadrant, but you might see negative coordinates later.
象限：坐标轴将网格分成四个区域。(3,2) 在第一象限，这里两个坐标都是正的。在七年级你主要在在第一象限学习，但后续会遇到负坐标。
Probability: a measure of how likely an event is to happen. Expressed as a fraction, decimal or percentage between 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain). When you toss a fair coin, the probability of getting heads is ½.
概率：衡量某个事件发生可能性的尺度。用 0（不可能）到 1（肯定发生）之间的分数、小数或百分数表示。抛一枚均匀硬币时，得到正面的概率是 ½。
Outcome: a possible result of an experiment. Event: one or more outcomes. For rolling a standard die, the outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The event 'rolling an even number' includes outcomes 2, 4, 6.
结果：实验中的可能结论。事件：一个或多个结果的集合。掷一个标准骰子，可能的结果有 1、2、3、4、5、6。事件“掷出偶数”包含结果 2、4、6。
Published by TutorHao | Mathematics Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图