📚 Year 7 CIE Physical Education: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | CIE 七年级体育：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering key terms in Physical Education is essential for Year 7 students following the CIE curriculum. This guide organises important vocabulary into clear categories and offers simple memory shortcuts, so you can recall them quickly during lessons, exams or practical sessions.
掌握体育关键术语对学习CIE课程的七年级学生至关重要。本指南将重要词汇按清晰类别编排，并提供简单记忆窍门，让你在课堂、考试或实践环节中快速回想。
1. Why Memorise PE Vocabulary? | 为什么要记忆体育词汇？
PE vocabulary is more than just words – it describes how your body moves, responds to exercise, and stays healthy. Knowing these terms helps you follow instructions, answer exam questions accurately, and understand the science behind sport.
体育词汇不仅仅是词语 – 它描述了你的身体如何运动、如何对锻炼做出反应以及如何保持健康。掌握这些术语有助于你理解指令、准确回答考试问题并理解运动背后的科学原理。
Building a strong vocabulary now makes later topics, such as anatomy and training principles, much easier. It also allows you to communicate effectively with teammates, coaches and examiners.
现在打下扎实的词汇基础会让之后的解剖学、训练原则等课题容易许多。它还能让你与队友、教练和考官有效沟通。
2. Basic Anatomical & Directional Terms | 基础解剖与方位术语
In PE you need to describe where body parts are located or the direction of a movement. The standard anatomical position is the reference point: standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward. Use the terms below to be precise.
在体育中你需要描述身体部位所在的位置或运动方向。标准解剖学姿势是参照点：直立、面向前方、双臂垂于体侧且掌心向前。使用下列术语可以准确表达。
| English Term | 中文翻译 | Memory Aid |
|---|---|---|
| Anterior | 前侧 | Think of Aunt ( 'ant' ) standing in front of you. |
| Posterior | 后侧 | 'Post' means after, so behind you. |
| Medial | 内侧 | 'Medial' sounds like 'middle' – towards the body’s midline. |
| Lateral | 外侧 | Think of a lateral football pass – away from the centre. |
| Superior | 上方 | Superman flies above – higher position. |
| Inferior | 下方 | Inferior sounds like 'under' – lower position. |
| Proximal | 近端 | 'Proximity' means closeness to the trunk. |
| Distal | 远端 | 'Distant' – further from the trunk. |
| Flexion | 屈曲 | 'Flex' your elbow – angle decreases. |
| Extension | 伸展 | 'Extend' your arm – angle increases. |
Remember, these directional terms are always used relative to the standard anatomical position, even if the person is lying down or moving. Practice by labelling a stick figure.
请记住，这些方位术语始终以标准解剖学姿势为参照，即使人体是躺着的或在运动中。你可以通过给火柴人图贴标签来练习。
3. Joint Movements | 关节运动术语
Your joints allow a wide range of movements. Analysing these movements helps you understand technique in sports like swimming, football or gymnastics. Here are the essential movement terms with visual mnemonics.
你的关节能实现多种运动。分析这些运动有助于你理解游泳、足球或体操等运动中的技术。以下是核心运动术语及视觉记忆法。
| Movement | 中文 | Visual Mnemonic |
|---|---|---|
| Abduction | 外展 | 'Abduct' = take away – arm lifts away from the body. |
| Adduction | 内收 | 'Add' to the body – arm returns to the side. |
| Rotation | 旋转 | Turning around a central axis, like turning a doorknob. |
| Circumduction | 环转 | A cone-shaped movement; draw a large circle in the air with your fingertip. |
| Dorsiflexion | 足背屈 | 'Dorsal fin' points up – lifting the foot upwards. |
| Plantarflexion | 跖屈 | 'Plantar' like planting foot on a pedal – pointing toes down. |
| Supination | 旋后 | Palm faces up as if holding soup ( 'soup-ination' ). |
| Pronation | 旋前 | Palm faces down – think of being 'prone' on the floor. |
4. Components of Fitness | 体能组成要素
Fitness is split into health-related and skill-related components. You need to memorise both groups, as they form the basis of training and performance analysis.
体能分为健康相关和技能相关两大类。你需要记住这两组要素，因为它们是训练和运动表现分析的基础。
Health-related components keep your body healthy and efficient in daily life. They are cardiorespiratory endurance (heart and lungs), muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition.
健康相关要素使你的身体在日常生活里保持健康高效。它们包括心肺耐力（心脏和肺）、肌力、肌耐力、柔韧性和身体成分。
Skill-related components help you perform well in specific sports. These are speed, power, agility, balance, coordination and reaction time.
技能相关要素有助于你在具体运动项目中表现出色。它们是速度、爆发力、敏捷性、平衡、协调和反应时间。
| Term | 中文 | Quick Definition & Mnemonic |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiorespiratory Endurance | 心肺耐力 | How well heart and lungs deliver oxygen. 'Cardio' = heart, 'respiratory' = lungs. |
| Muscular Strength | 肌力 | Maximum force a muscle can exert in one go (e.g., lifting a heavy box). |
| Muscular Endurance | 肌耐力 | How long a muscle can work without getting tired. 'Endurance' = lasting. |
| Flexibility | 柔韧性 | Range of motion around a joint; think of 'flexible' rubber band. |
| Body Composition | 身体成分 | Ratio of fat, muscle and bone in the body. Not just weight. |
| Speed | 速度 | How fast you can move from A to B. Sprinters need this. |
| Power | 爆发力 | Strength × Speed – explosive action like a jump or throw. |
| Agility | 敏捷性 | Changing direction quickly without losing control. Think 'agile = cat'. |
| Balance | 平衡 | Keeping your centre of mass over your base of support. |
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