📚 Year 7 CIE PE: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CIE 体育：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering PE vocabulary is not just about memorising definitions; it is about building a mental map that links each term to movement, health, and sports rules. This guide provides key terms for Year 7 CIE Physical Education, paired with simple memory hooks, visual images, and practical examples that make recall automatic. Use the paired bilingual explanations to strengthen both your English and understanding of the subject.
掌握体育词汇不仅仅是记住定义，更重要的是在大脑中建立一张将每个术语与动作、健康和运动规则联系起来的心智地图。本指南为 Year 7 CIE 体育课程提供了核心术语，并搭配了简单的记忆钩子、视觉图像和实例，让记忆变得轻松自然。通过双语对照解释，你能同时强化英语能力与学科理解。
1. Movement Terminology | 动作术语
Flexion – Bending a joint so the angle between two bones decreases, like curling your arm up. Think of 'flexing' your muscles in front of a mirror: you always bend your elbow.
屈曲 – 关节弯曲使两骨之间的角度变小，比如向上蜷起手臂。想象你在镜子前秀肌肉，总是要弯曲肘关节。
Extension – Straightening a joint, increasing the angle. When you kick a football, your knee goes into extension. 'Ex-tension' sounds like 'extend' – to stretch out.
伸展 – 关节伸直，角度增大。踢足球时膝盖就会做伸展动作。"Extension" 听起来像"extend"（延伸），就是向外舒展。
Abduction – Moving a limb away from the midline of the body. Remember the 'ab' in abduction as 'ab-away', like an alien abduction takes you away.
外展 – 四肢远离身体正中面的动作。记住 abduction 中的 "ab" 表示"离开"，就像外星人绑架把你带走。
Adduction – Moving a limb towards the midline. 'Ad-' means to add or bring together; you add your arm back to your side.
内收 – 四肢靠近身体正中面。"Ad-" 表示添加或靠拢，就像把手臂重新收回体侧。
Rotation – Turning a bone around its own long axis, such as shaking your head 'no'. Imagine a rotating door.
旋转 – 骨骼绕自身长轴转动，比如摇头表示"不"。想象旋转门在转动。
Circumduction – A circular, cone-shaped movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Picture drawing a large circle with your straight arm.
环转 – 一种圆锥形的圆周运动，包含了屈曲、伸展、外展和内收。想象用伸直的手臂画一个大圆圈。
2. Key Muscles and Bones | 关键的肌肉与骨骼
Biceps – The muscle on the front of your upper arm. 'Bi-' means two; it has two heads. When you do a bicep curl, this muscle shortens.
肱二头肌 – 上臂前侧的肌肉。"Bi-" 意为二，它有两个起点。做弯举动作时这块肌肉会缩短。
Triceps – Rear upper arm muscle with three heads ('tri-' = three). It straightens your elbow, so think 'tri-push' when you push a door open.
肱三头肌 – 上臂后侧的肌肉，有三个起点（"tri-" 表示三）。它负责伸直肘关节，推门时就想"三头肌推"。
Quadriceps – The large muscle group on the front of your thigh. 'Quad-' means four; these four muscles extend your knee. Recall 'quads for quadruple power' when you kick.
股四头肌 – 大腿前侧的大肌群。"Quad-" 意为四，这四块肌肉一起使膝关节伸展。踢球时记住"股四头肌提供四倍力量"。
Hamstrings – The muscles at the back of your thigh that bend your knee. Picture a 'ham' hanging behind your leg to remember the location.
腘绳肌 – 大腿后侧的肌肉，负责弯曲膝盖。想象大腿后侧挂着一条"火腿"(ham)，帮助记住位置。
Gastrocnemius – The calf muscle. It feels like a 'gas'-filled balloon when you run hard. This muscle points your toes down.
腓肠肌 – 小腿肚的肌肉。剧烈奔跑时它像充了气的气球。这块肌肉让你能把脚尖朝下。
Femur – The thigh bone, the longest bone in the body. Sounds like 'fee more' – you pay more for the longest ride! It joins with the pelvis at the hip.
股骨 – 大腿骨，是人体最长的骨骼。读音像"fee more"（付更多钱），用最长的骨骼坐车当然要多付钱。它与骨盆在髋部相连。
Tibia – The shin bone, which bears weight. If you tap your shin, it's the 'tough tibia'. The smaller fibula runs alongside it.
胫骨 – 小腿的主要承重骨。敲敲小腿前侧，硬硬的"tough tibia"就是它。较细的腓骨在旁边辅助。
3. Heart, Lungs and Exercise | 心脏、肺与运动
Heart Rate – The number of heartbeats per minute (bpm). Use two fingers on your wrist to measure your pulse, which equals heart rate. Remember '60-80 at rest'.
心率 – 每分钟心脏跳动的次数。用两根手指搭在手腕上测量脉搏，就是心率。记住安静时大约 60-80 次/分。
Stroke Volume – The amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat. Think of 'stroke' as one pump stroke of a water pistol.
每搏输出量 – 心室每跳动一次泵出的血量。把"stroke"想象成水枪的一次挤压，一次射出一定水量。
Cardiac Output – The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute (heart rate x stroke volume). It reflects how hard your heart is working.
心输出量 – 心脏每分钟泵出的血液总量（心率 × 每搏输出量），反映心脏的工作负荷。
Tidal Volume – The amount of air breathed in and out during normal breathing. Picture the tide going in and out gently.
潮气量 – 平静呼吸时吸入或呼出的气体量。想象潮水轻轻涨落的气息交换。
Vital Capacity – The maximum air you can force out after a maximum inhalation. 'Vital' suggests it is essential for life and big breaths.
肺活量 – 最大吸气后能尽力呼出的最大气量。"Vital"意味着对生命至关重要，深吸气就能呼出更多气。
Oxygen Debt – The extra oxygen required after strenuous exercise to clear lactic acid. You breathe heavily to 'repay' the oxygen you borrowed.
氧债 – 剧烈运动后需额外吸入氧气以清除乳酸。此时大口喘气就是在"偿还"欠下的氧气。
4. Health-Related Fitness Components | 健康相关体适能要素
Cardiovascular Endurance – The ability of your heart and lungs to supply oxygen during sustained activity. Think 'cardio = heart', 'vascular = vessels', plus endurance. Long-distance running tests this.
心血管耐力 – 心脏和肺在持续活动中供氧的能力。"Cardio" 指心脏，"vascular" 是血管，合起来就是循环系统的持久力。长跑主要测试这项。
Muscular Strength – The maximum force a muscle can exert in one effort. Picture lifting the heaviest weight you can manage just once. 'Strength for one supreme lift'.
肌肉力量 – 肌肉单次收缩能产生的最大力。想象挑战一次最大重量的举重。"力量用于一次极限上举"。
Muscular Endurance – The ability of a muscle to repeat contractions without fatigue. Doing many sit-ups requires muscular endurance in abdominals.
肌肉耐力 – 肌肉反复收缩而不易疲劳的能力。连续完成多个仰卧起坐就需要腹部肌肉耐力。
Flexibility – movement possible at a joint. Being able to touch your toes shows good flexibility. Think 'flex' = bend easily.
柔韧性 – 关节所能达到的活动范围。能触碰到脚尖说明柔韧性好。"Flex" 意味着轻松弯曲。
Body Composition – The ratio of fat to lean tissue (muscle, bone, water) in the body. It's like the recipe of your body; a healthy balance matters.
身体成分 – 身体内脂肪与瘦组织（肌肉、骨骼、水分）的比例。如同身体的配方，保持健康的比例很重要。
5. Skill-Related Fitness Components | 技能相关体适能要素
Agility – The ability to change direction quickly and under control. Imagine a cat dodging obstacles – that's agility. Weave through cones.
敏捷性 – 在受控下快速改变身体方向的能力。想象一只猫灵巧避开障碍物，那就是敏捷。折返跑测试就是例子。
Balance – Maintaining the body's centre of mass over its base of support. A gymnast on a beam shows excellent balance. Think 'balance beam'.
平衡 – 保持身体重心在支撑面内的能力。平衡木上的体操运动员展现了绝佳的平衡力。想到"平衡木"就明白。
Coordination – The smooth integration of senses and body parts. Catching a ball requires eye-hand coordination. 'Co-' means together, 'ordination' like order.
协调性 – 感觉与身体部位流畅配合的能力。接球就需要手眼协调。"Co-" 表示一起，把各个部分有序放在一起。
Speed – The ability to move the body or a body part quickly. Sprinting is all about speed. Remember 'speedy' legs.
速度 – 身体或身体部位快速移动的能力。短跑比拼的就是速度。
Reaction Time – The time between a stimulus and the start of a response. A sprinter reacting to the starting gun. 'React fast, time short'.
反应时 – 从刺激出现到开始反应所用的时间。短跑选手对发令枪的反应就是一例。反应越快，耗时越短。
Power – Strength times speed; explosive effort. A basketball jump shot uses power. Think 'powerful jump' – both strength and quickness.
爆发力 – 力量与速度的结合，瞬间强力输出。篮球跳投就需要爆发力。想到"强力起跳"，既要有力又要快。
6. Training Principles | 训练原则
The FITT principle helps you design a safe and effective workout. It stands for Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type. Using FITT ensures you apply overload without overtraining. Remember the letters as 'Find It Totally Tailored'.
FITT 原则能帮你制定安全有效的锻炼计划，分别代表频率、强度、时间和类型。运用 FITT 可以确保实现超负荷但又不过度训练。记住首字母口诀"Find It Totally Tailored"。
| Letter | Term | Meaning | Memory Tip |
|---|---|---|---|
| F | Frequency | How often you train per week | 'Frequent Fridays' – plan sessions |
| I | Intensity | How hard you work (e.g. % of max HR) | 'Intense effort, high heart rate' |
| T | Time | Duration of each session | 'Time on the stopwatch' |
| T | Type | The kind of exercise (aerobic, anaerobic) | 'Type = treadmill or track' |
Progressive Overload – Gradually increasing the demand on the body to keep improving. If you always lift the same weight, you won't get stronger. 'Progressively add plates'.
渐进超负荷 – 逐渐增加身体负担以持续进步。如果总举相同重量，就不会变得更强。想想杠铃片一片片加上去。
Specificity – Training must be relevant to the sport or goal. A swimmer needs to train in the water, focusing on stroke technique. 'Specific for your sport'.
专项性 – 训练必须与运动项目或目标直接相关。游泳者要在水中训练，专攻划水技术。"为你的运动专项目标而练"。
Reversibility – If you stop training, you lose fitness gains. 'Use it or lose it'. Once you take a long break, endurance drops.
可逆性 – 一旦停止训练，体能增进就会丢失。"用进废退"。经过长时间停训，耐力就会下降。
7. Warm-Up and Cool-Down | 热身与放松
Pulse Raiser – A light aerobic activity that gradually increases heart rate, such as jogging on the spot. It prepares the heart for
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 体育 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图